RU2276318C1 - Lengthened shaped charge - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: blasting operations, in particular, blast cutting of massive metal and non-metal structures.

SUBSTANCE: the lengthened shaped charge has a charge-servicer of detonation command positioned inside the load over the entire length, it is made of non-shaped detonating elongated charge of high explosive, for example hexogen or octagen enclosed in a metal shell. The charge-servicer of detonation command has a round or elliptical cross-section, it is positioned in the vertical axis of the elongated shaped charge section opposite the apex of the shaped-charge recess at a distance of 1/5-1/3 of its outside diameter from the shell inner wall. The cross-section area of the charge-servicer of the detonating command makes up 0.1 to 0.2 of the cross-section area of the elongated shaped charge. The elongated shaped charge is loaded with an explosive of salvaged ammunition.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of action of large-caliber elongated shaped charges and reduced their cost.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of blasting and can find application in various industries using explosive technologies, for example, for the separation (cutting, destruction) of objects (materials, barriers, structures) by an explosion, in particular, when cutting bulky metal structures (old armored, aviation, marine and river technology, locomotives, railway cars, etc.), consisting of a hull, sheathing, shell and lining, bearing, reinforcing, blocking and / or ballast elements ENTOV and hardware, as well as in the construction of explosive dismantling (hulling, dismantling) of buildings, structures, building structures and to separate concrete and reinforced concrete building structures with a view to their removal and reuse.

With a variety of names (UKZ, KUZ, ShKZ, DUZ, KUKZ, UKKZ, etc.) and forms common to all elongated cumulative charges is the presence of a shaped cumulative recess along the entire length of the charge. Of the many types of UKZ, the most widespread are charges in metal (copper, aluminum, brass, steel, etc.) shells, equipped with a highly densified high-explosive explosive substance (BB) of a solid state of aggregation (RDX, HMX).

Known UKZ in copper shells with hexogen (octogen) equipment with a semicylindrical or wedge-shaped cumulative recess (Efanov V.V., Kuzin E.N., Timofeev V.N., Chelyshev V.P. Devices and pyroautomatics systems of aircraft based on linear cumulative charges // All-Russian scientific and technical journal "Flight". 2003. No. 10. P.42-49), with high efficiency. By the effectiveness of the action of UKZ, it is understood that the maximum breakdown (cutting) ability of the charge is achieved with the optimal mass of explosives. UKZ of this class is widely used in various pyroautomatics systems in space rocket, aviation, special equipment, when cutting pipes in oil and gas wells.

However, their use directly in the disposal of B and VT products, especially in construction, seems problematic for at least two reasons. First, for the above purposes, it is necessary to use UKZ, of relatively large calibers (outer diameters) - from 25 mm or more, and they, as a rule, are not technological. Secondly, such charges have a very high cost due to the high cost of the materials used (copper pipe, RDX or HMX).

The closest in technical essence to the claimed invention is a linear charge (Japanese application No. 63-21119 dated 05/02/1988 according to F 42 D 1/02, 3/08, F 42 D 3/00), having a tubular casing from having a good ductility of the material (steel, copper, aluminum, lead, etc.). A longitudinal V-shaped groove (cumulative recess) is made in the casing in the longitudinal direction. The inner part of the casing is filled with powdered or coarse crystalline explosives. The density of explosives in the finished charge does not exceed 1.4 g / cm ³ .

A disadvantage of the known and accepted as a prototype linear charge is that with an increase in its caliber (outer diameter), the density of the equipment in the finished charge will fall due to the inevitable different density of explosives in various zones of the UKZ (non-compression) section; in addition, there is a high probability of the occurrence of explosive heterogeneity along the length of the charge. At the end initiation of detonation in such a UK, a detonation wave of a complex profile is excited in the explosive, which leads to a non-simultaneous run-in of the detonation wave on the inner wall of the lining of the cumulative recess and, as a result, to its non-simultaneous collapse. This effect, ultimately, will lead to the erosion of the cumulative knife, and therefore, to reduce the effectiveness of the UKZ.

The aim of the invention is to significantly increase the effectiveness of the UKZ large caliber, as well as reducing their cost.

The required technical result is achieved by the fact that in the design of a large-caliber UKZ containing a shell (tubular casing) of material having good ductility (steel, copper, aluminum, lead, etc.) with a longitudinally shaped V-shaped groove (cumulative recess ), an internal cavity filled with a powdery or coarse-crystalline explosive is additionally placed inside the shell along its entire length opposite the cumulus apex apex with distances from the upper wall of the inner surface of the shell at 1 / 5-1 / 3 caliber outer diameter charge distributor of the detonation command. The charge distributor is made in the form of a detonating elongated charge of a non-cumulative type of high-explosive explosive (RDX, HMX) with a density 1.2-1.3 times higher than the equipment density of the UKZ itself in a metal shell (copper or aluminum) having a circular or elliptical cross section with small main axis in the plane of the cumulative recess. In addition, the charge distributor can be made of a shell-free cord charge of an elastic explosive, for example, EVV-22M. As equipment UKZ used explosive released from utilized ammunition. The cross-sectional area of the detonation command charge distributor is 0.1-0.2 of the cross-sectional area of the UKZ.

The initiation of detonation in UKZ is carried out through a charge distributor from any standard means of initiation (electric detonator or detonator capsule).

A comparative analysis of the essential features of the prototype and the proposed device shows that the distinguishing features of the proposed proposal are those in accordance with which:

a) an additional charge-distributor of the detonation command, manufactured separately and having a high density of equipment, and therefore the detonation speed, is also placed in the UKZ;

b) initiation of detonation in UKZ equipment is carried out from the charge-distributor of the detonation team;

c) explosives released from utilized munitions are used for UKZ equipment.

These differences allow us to conclude that the criterion of "Novelty".

In the scientific and technical literature there are no solutions with such a set of distinctive features, therefore, the claimed solution meets the criterion of "Inventive step".

The inventive device contains standard elements from the field of blasting and pyrotechnics, therefore, the invention meets the criterion of "Industrial applicability".

General view of the device shown in the drawing.

An elongated cumulative charge consists of a shell (tubular casing) (1), a cumulative recess with a lining (2) along the generatrix of the casing, explosive (3) and a charge-dispenser (4) of the detonation command placed on the vertical axis of the charge section opposite the cumulative recess apex .

The principle of operation of the proposed device is that when the detonation is initiated in the charge-distributor of the detonation command, the angle of incidence of the detonation wave on the inner surface of the lining of the cumulative recess UKZ will be close to 90 °; at the same time, the process of preliminary compaction of the explosive layer in the UKZ occurs immediately before the detonation wave passes through it. In addition, the charge distributor of the detonation command allows you to create the optimal detonation wave in the transverse section of the UKZ, which also increases the breakdown ability of the latter. All of the factors listed above contribute to the formation of a continuous (even) rupture of a cumulative knife, which is very important in UKZ large calibers, where it is technically difficult to create a high and uniform in cross section and charge length equipment, especially when using explosives released from utilized munitions.

Claims (2)

1. An elongated cumulative charge containing a shell of highly plastic material filled with a powdery or coarse crystalline explosive material with a V-shaped cumulative recess made along its generatrix, characterized in that a charge distributor of a detonation command made of inside the equipment along the entire length of the charge is made of detonating elongated charge of non-cumulative type of high-explosive explosive substance enclosed in a metal shell having a circular or elliptical the cross section and the elongated cumulative charge located on the vertical axis of the cross section opposite the apex of the cumulative recess at a distance of 1 / 5-1 / 3 of its outer diameter from the inner wall of the shell. 2. The elongated cumulative charge according to claim 1, characterized in that its equipment is an explosive of utilized ammunition.