RU2727219C1 - Method of towing a vehicle with variable road clearance on soils with low bearing capacity - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transportation.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to methods of vehicle towing. Method of vehicle towing with variable road clearance on soils with low bearing capacity consists in that towed vehicle is moved by temporary mechanical connection with towing vehicle or winch. Towed vehicle is equipped with running gear support elements. Support elements are pre-installed in position corresponding to minimum value of road gleam, within range of its possible values, or with possibility of movement of towed vehicle directly on bottom.EFFECT: higher energy efficiency.1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of land transport, mainly vehicles (TC) of increased and high cross-country ability, in particular - to methods of towing (towing) a vehicle with another vehicle (tractor, towing vehicle, repair and recovery vehicle, etc.) or a winch.

In difficult road conditions (off-road), in the sense of carrying cross-country ability, even vehicles with increased and high cross-country ability (tanks, armored personnel carriers, all-wheel drive vehicles, etc.) can get bogged down without the prospect of "self-pulling" and therefore need third-party sources of traction force (tractor - towing vehicle, tractor, evacuation vehicle, "equivalent" in terms of traction on the vehicle hook in the best road conditions, winch, etc.). Towing is also carried out in the event of a vehicle malfunction or lack of energy (fuel, electricity) for independent movement. In any case, towing (towing) presupposes the presence of at least two vehicles and a temporary mechanical connection between them - flexible or rigid (in the case of using a winch - one vehicle of a stationary physical body on the ground) [1. Mur29> Blog> A column of private armored vehicles got stuck in the mud near St. Petersburg. URL: https://www.drive2.ru/b/3226644/?page=0; 2. Test drive an all-terrain vehicle in a swamp. URL: https://yandex.ru/images/search?p=11&source=wiz&text=% D0% B1% D1% 83% D0% BA% D1% 81% D0% B8% D1% 80% D0% BE% D0 % B2% D0% BA% D0% B0% 20% D1% 82% D1% 80% D0% B0% D0% BD% D1% 81% D0% BF% D0% BE% D1% 80% D1% 82% D0 % BD% D0% BE% D0% B3% D0% BE% 20% D1% 81% D1% 80% D0% B5% D0% B4% D1% 81% D1% 82% D0% B2% D0% B0% 20 % D0% BD% D0% B0% 20% D0% B1% D0% BE% D0% BB% D0% BE% D1% 82% D0% B5 & pos = 465 & rpt = simage & img_url = https% 3A% 2F% 2Fi.ytimg.com % 2Fvi% 2FTMWT2zg9DQ0% 2Fmaxresdefault.jpg & lr = 2 & stype = image; 3. A manual for a tanker soldier. Military Publishing House of the NKO USSR, 1941.- Ch. III. Tank driving. 11. Towing the tank. Fig. 101. URL: http://pro-tank.ru/tanki-v-bou/posobie-for-tankist/116-glava-3-vogdenie-tanka/404-11-buksirovka-tanka; 4. RU 2121937 C1, B62D 53/04, B60P 3/12, F41H 7/00, 20.11.1998; 5. RU 148303 U1, B60F 3/00, 27.11.2014; 6. Guidelines for the evacuation of stuck tanks from the battlefield. Military Publishing House of the NKO USSR, 1942. - Methods for pulling out stuck tanks using simple devices, tanks and tractors of the same type (Methods that do not require the use of large tractive forces), p. 3, fig. 3 URL: http://pro-tank.ru/tanki-v-bou/1231-evacuation-tanks].

In all known sources of information, regarding the methods of towing a vehicle on land (on the ground, which also includes a swamp, as opposed to reservoirs, where we can talk not about the ground, but about water), the ground clearance (clearance) of the towed vehicle is "positive ", I.e. is greater than zero and in this sense it is in principle. It also exists in the sled mode of the vehicle, including the vehicle with a combined sledge-caterpillar running gear, made with the ability to lift the tracked running gear above the level of the runners of the sled running gear (skis are a possible analogy) [7. RU 2373097 C1, B62B 13/16, B62D 55/00, D62M 27/00, 20.11.2009].

However, when the specific pressure of the propeller supporting elements exceeds the bearing capacity of the soil in the “contact spots” of the vehicle with the ground, the latter is intensively destroyed, squeezed out and the chassis together with the vehicle body are immersed in its thickness. Accordingly, the soil resistance coefficient, the "bulldozer effect", and energy consumption increase sharply.

Known vehicles equipped with a chassis (in particular, mainly wheeled or wheeled-walking) with variable ground clearance (by controlling the suspension) and, accordingly, the possibility of remote operational change in ground clearance in a given range of values up to zero and even "negative "(Lifting of support elements above the level of the vehicle body bottom) [8. Wagner Go Devil. Wagner Go Devil, 1961. See Chap 'The Go Devil Of Wagner Brothers'. J M MArchivesfrom ErwinWagner. URL: http://www.unusuallocomotion.com/album/self-levelling-vehicles/wagner-go-devil.html; 9. Hyundai unveils its first walking concept. URL: https://dvizhok.su/komtrans/hyundai-pokazala-svoj-pervyij-shagayushhij-konczept (release date 01/10/2019); 10. Selivanov I.I. Cars and transport tracked vehicles of high cross-country ability. - M .: Nauka, 1967. URL: https://yadi.sk/i/AcJZgdqhCcv4Cg/. - Fig. 117].

A separate "niche" is occupied by amphibious vehicles with lifting and / or retractable wheels in the hull niches in order to reduce the resistance to independent movement afloat (on water), including in the planing mode (at high speed with support on the rear of the bottom) [11. RU 244444.4 C1, B60F 3/00, B62D 61/12, 03/10/2012; 12. Stepanov A.P. Floating cars. - M .: Publishing house DOSAAF, 1971. - P. 47-48, fig. 31].

However, vehicles with a "lifting" land propeller both on soils (including in "mud" and in swamps) and afloat (in water bodies) move exclusively independently (due to a land or water propeller, respectively). And movement afloat is outside the scope of this application, since the modes "afloat" and "on land" are fundamentally different, and therefore the classification of the vehicle "divides them into large groups - ground (land) and underground, water (surface and underwater ), air, space, two- and multi-medium.

In any case, the applicant did not find any publicly available information about the modes (methods) of towing. This means that well-known towing methods with a "positive" ground clearance apply to them.

The closest in purpose and set of essential features is the method of towing (towing) a vehicle with a "positive" ground clearance on the ground, in which the towed vehicle, equipped with supporting elements of the chassis, is moved due to temporary mechanical connection with the towing vehicle [13. RU 2657655 C1, B60D 1/36, B62D 53/04, B60D 1/00, 14.06.2018. - Fig. 1].

In it, towing (towing) by a towing vehicle (tracked repair and recovery vehicle) is carried out with a constant value of the ground clearance of the towed vehicle, that is, remaining "positive". In this case, the default soil can, of course, be any, including with a low bearing capacity (specifically, a swampy swamp or "wet mud").

On soils with a low bearing capacity, the supporting elements of the chassis of a vehicle with insufficiently high carrying capacity (with a relatively high specific pressure on the ground) sinks into the ground, sometimes up to sampling the ground clearance and "landing" of the vehicle on the ground with the bottom of its body, which is illustrated by the above example -analogue [1. 2]. The specific pressure of the vehicle as a whole decreases sharply and further immersion into the ground stops or slows down significantly. Naturally, excessive "sinking" of the chassis (including the propeller and suspension) into the ground will definitely increase the resistance to the vehicle's translational motion, and sharply increase fuel consumption, if there is any left at all. Actually, therefore (along with engine failure or other vehicle malfunctions), there is a need to tow the "emergency" vehicle.

The task (problem) to be solved by the claimed invention is to increase energy efficiency (expand towing capabilities, reduce the soil drag coefficient and "bulldozer effect", increase fuel efficiency). This is in comparison with the "recessed" running gear, which is typical for moving in passive or active modes with a "positive" ground clearance (clearance).

The task (problem) is solved due to the fact that in the method of towing (towing) a vehicle with a variable ground clearance on soils with a low bearing capacity, in which the towed vehicle equipped with supporting elements of the chassis is moved due to a temporary mechanical connection with the towing vehicle or winch, according to the claimed invention, the supporting elements of the undercarriage of the towed vehicle are pre-set to the position corresponding to the minimum ground clearance, within the range of its possible values.

The above problem (problem) is also solved due to an additional (recommended more effective) feature-method: the supporting elements of the undercarriage of the towed vehicle can be pre-installed in a position corresponding to zero (and even "negative") ground clearance, with the possibility of moving the towed vehicle means directly on the bottom (high efficiency is due to the almost zeroing of the resistance of the undercarriage of the towed vehicle).

To implement the proposed method does not require any fundamentally new device, or rather, any device as part of the entire "triple" system (evacuation train) - a towed vehicle, towing the vehicle and mechanical connection between them. As shown in the analytical review of analogues, all "participants" of the method as a process are known:

- firstly, any traction or transport-traction machine with sufficient for transporting another machine, subject to such action on it;

- secondly, the aforementioned machine to be towed, and necessarily from the number of machines with variable ground clearance;

- thirdly, the mechanical connection (cable, rope, pipe, rod, hitch, etc.) between these two vehicles when they move in a column.

An example of the relationship between towing and towed vehicles is given in the characteristics of the closest analogue (prototype) [13. RU 2657655 C1, B60D 1/36, B62D 53/04, B60D 1/00, 2018. - Fig. 1], and an example of a towed vehicle is any of the analogues [7-10] - only those vehicles for which the suspension is made or can be made controllable with the ability to change the ground clearance. The most suitable as a towed vehicle is an amphibious vehicle according to the source [11. RU 2444444 C1, B60F 3/00, B62D 61/12, 10.03.2012].

In this case, the device itself (the devices themselves) are not (are) the subject of the invention. Only the method of towing (towing) is declared.

The figure graphically depicts the claimed process of moving (towing) a towing vehicle (tractor) of a towed vehicle, using the example of a crawler tractor-swamp vehicle and a towed vehicle with a wheel propeller and controlled suspension with variable ground clearance, side view (in motion of the system from right to left), where F is the vector of the pulling force on the hook (tension in the hitch).

The method of towing a vehicle with a controlled ground clearance on soils with a low bearing capacity consists in towing (towing) by a vehicle - TC 1 with chassis 2 (here - a crawler tractor-swamp-going vehicle) and a pulling force on the hook not less than F (see figure ) another vehicle - TC 3, less adapted to driving on soft ground or in an emergency condition. TC 3 is equipped with supporting elements of the chassis. In this example, they are wheels 4, installed on forcibly, by means of a control system, rotary balancers 5. TC 3 also contains a housing with a flat bottom 6. TC 3 is moved (towed) due to a temporary mechanical connection 7 (flexible or rigid) with TC 1 or a winch (not shown).

The supporting elements (wheels) 4 of the running gear 4, 5 of the TC 3 are preliminarily (as a rule, after connecting the TC 1 and the TC 3 by the mechanical link 7) set, by means of the mentioned control system, to the position corresponding to the minimum value (in particular and mainly to zero and even a negative value, as shown in the figure) ground clearance (clearance - the distance from the bottom 6 to the supporting surface, i.e. to the ground 8), within the range of its possible values.

With this method of towing (towing), the towed vehicle 3, in particular in a swamp and wet "mud" 8, as a rule, "sits down on the ground" and moves, sliding along the ground 8. At the same time, at least the horizontal part raised above the level , the bottom 6, the supporting elements 4 of the propeller (wheels 4 and the balancers 5 themselves) turn out to be higher than the ground 8 and do not resist the longitudinal movement of the vehicle 3 (air resistance at towing speeds in such road conditions is negligible).

This solves the set task - significantly increases energy efficiency (expands towing capabilities, reduces the coefficient of resistance of the soil and "bulldozer effect", increases fuel efficiency). Moreover, in comparison with the "recessed" running gear 4, 5, which is typical for moving in passive or active modes with a "positive" ground clearance (clearance).

Claims (1)

A method of towing a vehicle with a variable ground clearance on soils with a low bearing capacity, in which a towed vehicle equipped with supporting elements of the undercarriage is moved due to a temporary mechanical connection with a towing vehicle or a winch, characterized in that the support elements of the undercarriage of the towed vehicle the means are pre-set in a position corresponding to the minimum value of ground clearance, within the range of its possible values, or with the possibility of moving the towed vehicle directly on the bottom.

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