RU2726881C2 - Electromechanical two-flow drive of transport machine with onboard turning method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport machine building.

SUBSTANCE: electromechanical double-flow drive of transport machine with onboard turning method comprises two electric machines with traction electric motors mode and mechanical transmission with complex summing planetary mechanism with two central opposite shafts. Planetary mechanism is made in form of two-row planetary reduction gears spaced apart along the sides of transport machine with carriers, which are common for pair of rows, connected by means of central shafts with onboard reduction gearboxes or gearboxes. Sun gears of the left and right rows are combined in pairs into two solar links connected to shafts of electric machines. Epicycles of all planetary rows are equipped with controlled individual friction brakes.

EFFECT: improved technical and operational characteristics.

5 cl, 1 tbl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to ground vehicles (machines) with an on-board turning method (mainly tracked), specifically - to power transmissions (two-flow power plants with transmissions and steering mechanisms).

Known two- and multi-stream drives of ground vehicles from a power (power) installation in the composition of at least two engines, including both of the electric type. In this case, to connect the power flows from the motors, the summing properties of differential (mainly planetary) gear mechanisms, at least single-row ones, are used [EP 1506905 A1, B62D 11/14, 16.02.2005, Fig. 1-3; Calculation and design of tracked vehicles / Nosov N.A. and others. Ed. ON THE. Nosov. - L .: Mechanical Engineering, 1972. - 560 p. - P. 375, fig. IX.11; RU 64144U1, B60K 17/12, 26.07 / 2006].

However, they do not provide (with modern turning mechanisms) the combination of such positive qualities of the vehicle as the joint operation of two traction motors and the transfer of the full power flow from the two traction motors to the running board when turning.

There are also known structurally different mechanisms for turning a transport vehicle in an onboard way (due to the difference in the speeds of rotation of the driving wheels of the propellers of the left and right sides), including those that are functionally part of the transmission and turning mechanism (MPP) of transmissions. They widely use the aforementioned differential mechanisms and the principle of two- and multithreading, while providing additional hydraulic or electric motors, which improves the agility of the transport vehicle [Calculation and design of tracked vehicles / Nosov N.A. and others. Ed. ON THE. Nosov. - L .: Mechanical Engineering, 1972. - 560 p. - S. 374-398].

However, they have the same drawback.

The closest analogue (prototype) of the claimed invention, that is, coinciding with it in purpose and in general essential design features, is an electromechanical two-line drive of a transport vehicle with an onboard turning method, containing two electric machines, at least with the mode of traction motors, and a mechanical transmission with a complex summing planetary mechanism with two central opposed shafts [Calculation and design of tracked vehicles / Nosov N.А. and others. Ed. ON THE. Nosov. - L .: Mechanical Engineering, 1972. - 560 p. - P. 333, fig. VIII.7].

In it, the planetary mechanism is made in the form of a central single-row four-link (with two-crown satellites) planetary gearbox, the carrier of which is connected by one of the mentioned central shafts to the output shaft through a gear box with controlled friction clutches, one sun gear to the other of the mentioned central shafts, which is input, and the other sun gear and the epicycle are connected, by means of cylindrical gear pairs, with the shafts of one and the other electric machine, respectively.

Such a drive, developed for the tracked tractor ChTZ, has the traditional advantages for parallel-serial and parallel hybrids: a sufficiently wide, stepless-stepless range of gear ratios; the ability to move as due to the power of both electric machines in the mode of traction motors. In this case, the gear planetary (the essence of the differential) mechanism provides the summation of the powers of the electric machines, as well as the double reversal of the operating modes of the electric machines (when using only one revolution in the control range). The reduction gearbox provides the inclusion of two gears in the forward direction (due to the clutches) and one reverse gear.

The disadvantages of the prototype include the impossibility:

- firstly, using the described device as a turning mechanism;

- secondly, to transfer the power of both electric vehicles when turning to one side, without using appropriate and rather complicated turning mechanisms (apart from the simplest scheme with side clutches).

The technical problem lies in the elimination of the indicated shortcomings of the prototype and, accordingly, in the improvement of technical and operational (as applied to civilian transport vehicles) or tactical and technical (as applied to military and special transport vehicles) characteristics by expanding the functional purpose of the drive by giving the functions of a turning mechanism transport vehicle, with the possibility, when turning in an onboard way, to transfer the power of both electric machines to one side - left or right.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that in an electromechanical two-stream drive of a transport vehicle with an onboard turning method, containing two electric machines, at least with a mode of traction electric motors, and a mechanical transmission with a complex summing planetary (differential) mechanism with two central opposed shafts, according to the claimed invention, the planetary mechanism is made in the form of double-row planetary gearboxes spaced apart along the sides of the transport machine, respectively, left and right, with common for a pair of rows of carriers connected by means of the said central shafts, respectively, with left and right final drives or gearboxes, sun gears of the left and the right rows are combined in pairs into two solar links, one of which is connected to the shaft of one electric machine, and the other to the shaft of another electric machine, while the epicycles of all planetary gears are equipped with controlled individual friction brakes.

The solution to the problem posed is also achieved through additional design features (with the main set of features formulated above):

- the shaft of one electric machine can be connected to the corresponding solar link by means of a toothed pair, and the shaft of the other electric machine is connected to the corresponding solar link by means of a toothed pair with a parasitic gear (this provides, as an additional advantage, a different direction of rotation of the sun links, according to the specific synthesis of planetary gears, with the same direction of rotation of the output shafts of both electric machines, which is especially valuable when using identical electric machines);

- a blocking clutch can be provided, with the possibility of temporary interaction of the mentioned solar links and, accordingly, blocking the shafts of the electric machines (this, as is already obvious from the wording of the final part of this design feature, allows blocking the electric machines with the externally forced synchronization of rotation of the shafts of both electric machines inherent in this mode that it is always desirable to have in the arsenal of the technical and operational capabilities of the drive, especially with reversible electric machines in the interests, in particular, of energy recovery - see the following additional set of design features);

- with any combination of features of the specified main and two additional, electric machines can be made reversible, with the possibility of energy recovery during passive movement of the transport machine (this allows to implement the modes of passive movement potentially possible in the operational "life" of the transport vehicle with the extraction of energy benefits in the form of recovery energy of external forces - gravity, inertia, traction during transportation by a tractor);

- for any combination of signs from the specified main and two additional, electric machines can be supplemented with individual gearboxes, for example, built into their bodies (this allows you to additionally adapt electric machines both to their connection to one or another link of the planetary summing mechanism, and to the operating conditions of heavy tracked and multi-wheeled transport vehicles as traction motors, when large torques are required on the propeller).

Among the known devices of the same purpose (drives) as in the Russian Federation / the former USSR and abroad, during a preliminary search, no such were found, the set of essential features of which would coincide with the declared one, which indicates the world level of novelty.

At the same time, it is due to the latter that a new technical result is achieved in accordance with the problem posed. Thus, a causal relationship is traced between the design features of the proposed device and the technical result from its use.

The presence of the criterion of patentability "industrial applicability" is obvious: in the design, all the mandatory elements and their connections are based on the use of industrially developed materials and engineering technologies.

Since the claimed technical solution clearly does not follow for a specialist in the field of transport engineering from the state of the art, then there is a third criterion of the invention - the presence of an inventive step.

The claimed electromechanical two-line drive is explained (in relatively general and specific examples) in the drawings:

figure 1 shows a simplified kinematic diagram of the claimed drive, relatively general case (example), where 0 ₁ , 0 ₂ - output shafts of electric machines M1, M2, respectively, indices 1 and 2, taking into account the presence of their individual gearboxes R1, R2; they are the input shafts of the transmission as part of the drive; X _p , X _l - output shafts of the transmission as part of the drive (indices p - on the right, l - on the left sides of the transport vehicle); T _1l , T _2l , T _1p , T _2p - individual brakes of planetary gear sets as part of the transmission; T _0l , T _0l - transmission stopping brakes; BRl, BRp - final drives; ON, VKp - driving wheels; arrows indicate the directions of power flows; the axes of the shafts are not shown conventionally;

in fig. 2 - the same, with an additional element - a controlled blocking clutch C ₁₂ (double index corresponding to the indices in the designations of electric machines) of the interconnection of solar transmission links.

The claimed electromechanical two-line drive of a transport machine with an onboard turning method (as an example of implementation with the above set of essential features) contains (see Fig. 1): electric machines 1 (M1) and 2 (M2), at least with the mode of traction motors ( and preferably - identical, reversible, with individual gearboxes 3 (R1) and 4 (R2) built into their housings and output shafts 5 and 6; as well as a mechanical transmission with a complex summing planetary (differential) mechanism with two central opposed shafts - 7 and 8. The planetary mechanism is made in the form of two-row planetary gearboxes spaced along the sides of the transport machine, respectively, left and right, with carriers 9 and 10 common for a pair of rows, respectively. Carriers 9 and 10 are connected by means of shafts 7 and 8, respectively, with left 11 and right 12 final drives (BRl and BRp, respectively) or gearboxes (as an alternative particular example) and further - to driving wheels (left ON and right VKp) of the transport vehicle. The sun gears of the left and right rows are combined in pairs into two sun links: gears 13 and 14 - into link 15, and gears 16 and 17 - into link 18. Link 15 is connected to the shaft 5 of the electric machine 1 (gearbox 3), and link 18 is connected to shaft 6 of electric machine 2 (gearbox 4). Epicycles 19, 20, 21 and 22 of the planetary gears are equipped with controlled individual friction brakes (mainly disc type) 23, 24, 25 and 26 (T _1l , T _1p , T _2l and T _2p ), respectively.

It is recommended to install on shafts 7 and 8 stopping brakes 27 (T _0l ,) and 28 (T _0l ), also predominantly disc type.

When choosing electric machines 1 and 2 with the same direction of rotation of shafts 5 and 6, as a rule, shaft 5 should be connected to the sun link 15 by means of a gear pair 29, 30, and shaft 6 - to the sun link 18 by means of a gear pair 31, 32 with a parasitic gear 33, which corresponds to the features of the kinematics of the links of such gears known from the theory of planetary gears (see also below in the text about the operation of the device).

The drive can be (as another expedient special case of the device) a blocking coupling 34 (C ₁₂ ) of the interconnection of the solar links 15 and 18, with the possibility of temporarily blocking the said solar links and, accordingly, blocking the shafts 5 and 6 of the electric machines 1 and 2 (see Fig. 2), which is explained below in the text in the description of the operation of the device.

Electric machines 1 and 2 can be made reversible (engine / generator), with the possibility of recuperation ("return", "receipt") of electricity during the passive movement of the transport vehicle.

Electric machines 1 and 2 can be supplemented with individual gearboxes - both matching and simply increasing (it is the same for both electric machines), for example, built into their cases.

The claimed device operates as follows.

The rectilinear movement of the transport vehicle (theoretically in the same road conditions on the left and right sides) is carried out at the expense of the power of any one or both electric machines 1 (M1), 2 (M2) in the electric motor mode. In the latter case, the power of traction electric machines (as motors) 1 (M1) and 2 (M2) are summed up on planetary gearboxes.

From the standpoint of the claimed invention, obtaining the main (from among the above in the text) technical result, it is especially important that when the transport vehicle turns with a radius of B / 2, where B is the track of the transport vehicle), that is, around the track, in difficult road conditions it is possible to direct the entire total power flow from electric motors 1 (M1), 2 (M2) to the running board (left or right, depending on the direction of rotation of the transport vehicle). To do this, with both electric machines 1 (M1), 2 (M2) switched on (in traction motor mode), for turning:

a) to the right (see mode No. 6 highlighted by filling in the table) - turn on brakes 23 (T _1l ), 25 (T _2l ), and 28 (T _0p ) with the other controls turned off;

b) to the left (see mode No. 9 highlighted by filling in the table) - turn on the brakes 24 (T _1p ), 26 (T _2p ), and 27 (T _0l ) with the other controls turned off.

Therefore, the turning modes No. 6 and 9, as well as the rectilinear movement using the total power of both electric machines 1 (M1) and 2 (M2), are referred to as "forced" modes.

To turn on one or another mode of vehicle movement (including straight-line movement or turn), use the control elements of the drive modes: brakes T _1l , T _1p , T _2l , T _2p (positions 23, 24, 25, 26, respectively), in accordance with the table modes.

Table

Operating modes of the drive (for figures 1 and 2)

With one turned off stop brake 27 (T _0l ) or 28 (T _0p ), there are free turning radii of the transport vehicle.

To stop the transport machine (the mode is not indicated in the table), simultaneously turn on both stopping brakes 27 (T _0l ) and 28 (T _0p ) with the brakes off T _1l , T _1p , T _2l , T _2p (positions 23, 24, 25, 26 respectively).

When connecting the shaft 5 of the electric machine 1 with the sun link by means of the gear pair 29, 30, and the shaft 6 of the electric machine 2 with the sun link by means of the gear pair 31, 32 with the parasitic gear 33, the sun links rotate in different directions with the same direction of rotation of the output shafts 5 and 6.

In the presence of a blocking clutch 34 (C ₁₂ ), its inclusion causes a temporary interaction (more precisely - adhesion) of solar links 15 and 18 with each other and, accordingly, blocking of shafts 5, 6 of electric machines 1 and 2. Accordingly, the possibilities of energy recovery are expanded (see modes 10, 11, 12 in the table "Drive operating modes").

The mode of energy recovery from the passive movement of the transport vehicle (due to gravity on the descent, inertia or transportation by a tractor) is ensured by using electric machines in the mode of electric generators with the corresponding control elements from the series T _1l , T _1p , T _2l , T _2p (positions 23, 24 , 25, 26, respectively).

When used with on-board gearboxes (BKP), of course up to onboard gearboxes, or with a central gearbox (CKP) of any type, such a drive retains its operability and a positive technical result when used.

In the presence of individual gearboxes 3 and 4 directly behind the shafts of electric machines 1 and 2, respectively, with a specific selection of their gear ratios in each case, there will be a consistent (among themselves and the summing series), increased in accordance with the required calculated (according to known calculation methods) value torque for a "more powerful", heavy vehicle, work.

Thus, the claimed device, regardless of the choice of a particular case of the scheme and design, allows you to eliminate the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prototype and improve technical and operational (as applied to civil transport vehicles) or tactical and technical (as applied to military and special transport vehicles). ) characteristics, due to the expansion of the functional purpose of the drive by giving the functions of a mechanism for turning a transport vehicle, with the possibility, when turning in an onboard way, to transfer the power of both electric machines to one side - left or right.

Claims (5)

1. An electromechanical two-line drive of a transport vehicle with an onboard turning method, containing two electric machines, at least with a mode of traction electric motors, and a mechanical transmission with a complex summing planetary mechanism with two central opposed shafts, characterized in that the planetary mechanism is made in the form of spaced to the sides of the transport vehicle of double-row planetary gearboxes, respectively, left and right, with common for a pair of rows of carriers connected by means of the mentioned central shafts, respectively, with left and right final drives or gearboxes, the sun gears of the left and right rows are combined in pairs into two solar links , one of which is connected to the shaft of one electric machine, and the other - to the shaft of another electric machine, while the epicycles of all planetary gear sets are equipped with controlled individual friction brakes. 2. The drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the shaft of one electric machine is connected to the corresponding sun link by means of a toothed pair, and the shaft of the other electric machine is connected to the corresponding sun link by means of a toothed pair with a parasitic gear. 3. The drive according to claim 1, characterized in that it is provided with a blocking clutch with the possibility of temporary interaction of said solar links and, accordingly, blocking of the shafts of the electric machines. 4. The drive according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the electric machines are made reversible with the possibility of energy recuperation during the passive movement of the transport machine. 5. Drive according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the electric machines are supplemented with individual gearboxes, for example, built into their bodies.

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