RU2724467C1 - Method of separating water-soluble substances from greater burdock - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to food industry, in particular, to extraction of water-soluble substances from greater burdock. Method envisages extraction of components from milled root vegetables in a flask with a reflux condenser, followed by filtration and evaporation of the filtrate in a water bath. Extraction is carried out with distilled water while heating for 20 minutes at ratio of raw material to extragent 1:3. Obtained extract is cooled down to room temperature, filtered on a Buchner funnel under pressure with washing of the solid residue with hot distilled water at temperature of 95 °C and then evaporated till concentration of dry substances is equal to 50–55 %.

EFFECT: invention enables to isolate water-soluble substances from greater burdock roots, in particular inuline, with reduced duration of the process and high output of the end product.

1 cl, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the food industry, namely, the allocation of water-soluble substances from burdock large for use in the confectionery, bakery, dairy and canning industries, as well as in the production of functional foods.

Burdock ( Arctium ) is a flowering biennial plant. Burdock root contains water (80%) and soluble substances, mainly polyfructosans (50%), of which the polysaccharide inulin is the most valuable.

Traditionally, burdock is used to produce soluble products that are widely used in the production of functional foods. Inulin is partially broken down in the human gastrointestinal tract to fructose. The unsplit part of inulin, being a sorbent, removes unnecessary and dangerous substances from the body. In addition, inulin contributes to the development of bacteria of the genus Bifdobacterium , which belong to the healthy intestinal microflora and ensure the normal functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.

The known method ( RU, patent 2360927, publ. 10.07.09 ) for the production of soluble inulin powder, comprising slicing washed root crops, drying, grinding to a particle size of 2 mm, exhaustive extraction for 3-5 days with further precipitation. The disadvantages of this method include the long time of the extraction process and the deposition of pure inulin and a group of water-soluble substances.

A known method ( RU, patent 2131252, publ. 10.06.99 ) for producing inulin from dried and crushed Jerusalem artichoke tubers, comprising obtaining aqueous extracts from dry crushed Jerusalem artichoke tubers by mixing them with hot water in a ratio of 1: 6, holding for 12 hours for swelling at 70 ° C and extraction of extractives at 80 ° and three more times for 40 minutes, water extraction is carried out in a ratio of 1: 4, followed by combining the extracts. The disadvantages of the method include the increased costs of extracts and the extraction process.

The closest analogue of the invention is a method for producing polyfructosans from the roots of elecampane. About 1 g (accurately weighed) of the crushed raw material is placed in a flask with a thin section with a capacity of 250 ml, 100 ml of 95% ethyl alcohol are poured, the reflux condenser is attached and heated in a boiling water bath for 60 minutes. After cooling, the extract is filtered. The extraction of raw materials is repeated under the same conditions 2 more times with 100 and 50 ml of ethanol [Oleinnikov D.N., Tankhaeva L.M., Chekhirova G.V., Petrov E.V. Method for quantitative determination of the total content of polyfructans in rhizomes and roots of Elecampane high // Chemistry of plant raw materials. - 2008. - No. 1. - S. 95-99.]. The disadvantage of this method is the long extraction time, the cost of using ethanol and a low yield of extractive substances.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for isolating water-soluble substances, in particular inulin.

The technical result achieved by the implementation of the developed method consists in simplifying the technology, reducing the duration of the process and increasing the yield of water-soluble substances from burdock root crops.

To achieve the indicated technical result, it is proposed to use the developed method, according to which the root crops of burdock are cleaned of impurities, crushed, extraction is carried out with hot water, the resulting extract is filtered, evaporated and cooled.

The developed method is implemented as follows.

Root crops of burdock are cleaned of impurities and crushed. From the crushed raw materials, water-soluble substances are extracted by extraction with distilled water in a ratio of 1: 3 for 20 minutes using a reflux condenser, followed by cooling of the aqueous extraction to room temperature. Next, the resulting aqueous extract is filtered, followed by washing with small portions of hot distilled water at a temperature of 95 ° C of the solid residue on the filter. A solid residue was obtained and the filtrate was washed with water. The resulting filtrate was evaporated and cooled to 20 ° C.

Execution example.

The roots of burdock are soaked in water for 1.5-2 hours, washed from impurities in a washing machine, crushed on a grinder and dried at a temperature of 20-22 ° C in a natural way. The resulting mixture is again crushed and sieved through a sieve with a diameter of 0.25 mm The resulting powder is sent to a conical flask under reflux, water is added in an amount of 1: 3.0 (water module) and extraction is carried out at a temperature of 85-90 ° C for 20 minutes. At the end of the process, the suspension is filtered under vacuum through a Buchner funnel, extract I and pulp are obtained, from which water-soluble substances are further extracted by washing the filter residue with distilled water at a temperature of 95 ° C (extract II). The extracts I and II are combined, evaporated at a temperature of 50-60 ° C to a solids content of 50-55%.

The proposed method differs from the closest analogue in a significant reduction in the time of the process, a large yield of the product, a small number of technological operations, simplified technology, availability and low cost.

A comparison of the developed method for the isolation of water-soluble substances from burdock large to justify the achievement of the specified technical result was carried out with the closest analogue (table 1).

Table 1 - Technical and economic indicators of the developed method with the closest analogue

Name of indicator Indicator value The closest analogue Developed method The duration of the process, min 90 20 The yield of extractives,% 20 35

Optimally selected technological regimes for the extraction of water-soluble substances make it possible to isolate the entire complex of water-soluble substances, inulin in particular, and to reduce the economic costs of pre-treatment and a long extraction time.

Claims (1)

The method of separation of water-soluble substances from crushed root crops of burdock by large aqueous extraction when heating the feedstock, characterized in that the heating takes place in a flask with reflux condenser with distilled water in a ratio of 1: 3 for 20 minutes, followed by cooling the aqueous extract to room temperature, further filtering on Buchner funnel under pressure with washing the solid residue with hot distilled water at a temperature of 95 ° C, evaporation to a solids concentration of 50-55%.