KR20100043725A - Changes of protopanaxadiol ginsenosides in ginseng leaves by steaming heat treatment - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A method of producing ginseng leaf with increased protopanaxadiol ginsenosides is provided to manufacture functional ginseng tea with specific flavor and taste by extracting specific ginsenoside components after drying and steaming ginseng leaves. CONSTITUTION: A method of producing ginseng leaf with increased protopanaxadiol ginsenosides includes the following steps: removing moisture in the fresh ginseng leaves after washing the leaves; steaming the ginseng leaves; pulverizing the steamed and dried ginseng leaves; and extracting the ginseng leaves with a solvent. A steaming process is performed in a range of 60 ~ 120°C.

Description

Process for producing ginseng leaves with increased content of protopenaxadiol ginsenosides through steaming treatment {Changes of Protopanaxadiol Ginsenosides in Ginseng Leaves by Steaming Heat Treatment}

The present invention relates to the manufacture of ginseng leaf extract, characterized in that the ginseng leaves are dried by steaming to increase the specific ginsenoside components and then extracted using a solvent.

Ginseng ( Panax ginseng CA Meyer) is actively grown in Korea, known as a very high-income medicinal crop. Ginseng production has steadily increased over the past decades with the development of tillage techniques such as the application of fertilizers and pesticides. On the commercial side, the roots of ginseng have been recognized as a major trade part, and ginseng leaves have been recognized as a by-product and were discarded during the harvesting process.

Ginsenoside refers to triterpene saponins in ginseng. Saponins are a chemical compound called glycosides. Ginseng roots, stems, leaves, shells, seeds, etc., previously known as non-nutritive substances, but recently became known as a bioactive substance with the anti-cancer, antioxidant and cholesterol lowering effect. Herbal medicine has been used as a cardiac agent or diuretic, and saponin is the main pharmacological action among the various active ingredients of ginseng. Ginseng saponins have a unique chemical structure that is different from those found in other plants, and their pharmacological effects are also called 'Ginsenoside', meaning Ginseng glycosides.

Recently, various studies have been conducted to find that ginseng leaves contain various ginsenosides, and a comparative study with ginsenosides of roots for use of ginsenoside purified products present in the leaves has been made. . Certain ginsenosides are also purified from the discarded leaves, which can be expected to be an economical product for the use of health foods or pharmaceuticals. Ginsenosides can be divided into triterpene type and oleanolic acid type such as protopanaxadiol (PPD) or protopanaxatriol (PPT) aglycon type. Ginsenosides that form aglycons containing glycosides can be converted to other forms of ginsenosides by the release of glycosides. This conversion can occur by heat, acid degradation, enzyme treatment.

The ginseng leaf was found to contain 19.58% of the ginseng leaf, which was much higher than the stem (2.38%) or the root (4.78%), and the ginsenoside content of the ginseng leaf was 10.84%, the stem (0.64%) and the root (2.37). %) (Korean J. Ginseng Sci. 11 (2) .118-112, 1987). In addition, there are various forms of ginsenosides, showing different efficacy, and has been a major target of research.

Rb1: Involved in embryonic development, affects the reproductive system through bone marrow cell DNA (RNA-lipid synthesis, facilitation) and promotes sex hormone production

Rc: promotes analgesic, protein and lipid synthesis

Rb2: antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, cholesterol metabolism

Rb3: bioactive

Rd: corticosteroid secretion promoting effect

Rg3: inhibits cancer cell metastasis, inhibits platelet aggregation, inhibits anticancer drug resistance

Rh2: inhibit cancer cell proliferation, suppress tumor growth, cutaneous immune effect

According to many studies reported to date, it is known that in the processing and use of plants, the intrinsic functional substances are converted to other substances or change the elution content during dissolution depending on drying conditions. The ginsenoside analysis of ginseng leaves has not been actively conducted compared to the roots, and there are not many examples of the effects of processing such as heat treatment. Therefore, there is a need for an attempt to utilize the useful components of ginseng leaves. To date, there is no prior art that changes the functionality in herbs such as ginseng leaves using steaming.

The present invention is to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, extract the ginseng leaves dried by steaming using water and alcohol, respectively, through the change of their ginsenoside components, pharmaceutical raw materials and functional foods having various functionalities When used as a new functional food raw materials, such as tea for the purpose of specific efficacy.

The present invention for achieving the above object is characterized by analyzing ginsenoside components of steamed ginseng leaves on the basis of optimized steaming treatment conditions, and provides a functional food such as tea using an extract using water and alcohol. do.

The present invention comprises the steps of quickly harvesting the leaves of fresh ginseng to wash and then remove the water; Steaming the ginseng leaves from which water has been removed by washing; Drying the steamed ginseng leaf; It characterized in that it comprises the step of grinding the steamed dried ginseng leaves, provides a method for producing ginseng leaves with increased content of Rb2, Rg3, Rh2 in ginsenoside components.

The ginseng is characterized in that the Korean Ginseng ( Panax ginseng) or American Ginseng ( Panax quinquefolius) , the steam treatment is characterized in that it is made in a temperature range of 60 to 120 ℃, preferably made at a temperature of 120 ℃ It features. The base treatment is characterized in that it is made for 10 minutes, and the drying treatment is to dry until the ginseng leaves 10% of the body weight, specifically, it is characterized by drying for 2 hours in a drying oven at 60 ℃.

In another aspect, the present invention is the step of removing the water after washing and quickly harvesting the leaves of fresh ginseng; Steaming the ginseng leaves from which water has been removed by washing; Drying the steamed ginseng leaf; Grinding the steamed and dried ginseng leaves; It characterized in that it comprises the step of extracting the ground ginseng leaves using a solvent, ginsenoside components of Rb2, Rg3, Rh2 includes a method of producing a ginseng leaf tea with an increased content.

The solvent is characterized in that the water, the solvent is characterized in that the alcohol, the alcohol is characterized in that the methanol or ethanol.

In addition, the present invention includes foods such as ginseng leaf tea with increased content of the specific ginsenosides Rb2, Rg3, Rh2 containing the ginseng leaf extract.

By drying the ginseng leaves based on the present invention by steaming, the content of certain ginsenosides (Rb2, Rg3, Rh2) is increased by utilizing the discarded ginseng leaves while having a highly useful substance, thereby improving their functionality. It provides a new type of health-oriented functional ingredients and provides functional ginseng leaf herb tea with rich flavor and harmonious flavor unique to ginseng leaves due to its enhanced ginsenoside content and steaming unique processing. It is expected to improve the productivity of farmers and increase the added value.

The features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description based on the accompanying drawings. Prior to this, the terms or words used in the present specification and claims are defined in the technical spirit of the present invention on the basis of the principle that the inventor can appropriately define the concept of the term in order to explain his invention in the best way. It must be interpreted to mean meanings and concepts.

The ginseng leaves according to the present invention were processed to analyze PPD ginsenosides of Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rg3, Rd, Rc, and Rh2 as shown in FIG.

Ginseng leaf treatment

Preferably, the leaves of five-year-old ginseng are collected from the ginseng farmland in Hoengseong area, and fresh green ginseng leaves are selected and harvested. The collected ginseng leaves are quickly washed, drained and steamed in an autoclave.

The steaming treatment time was optimized to 10 minutes (dried was established by drying conditions to weigh about 10% of the live weight), and at 60 ° C., maintained about 10% of the fresh weight of the leaves. Therefore, steaming treatment for about 10 minutes is performed at 60, 90, or 120 ° C., respectively, and the actual steaming time of the running time for the entire 30 minutes is about 10 minutes. Substantial time includes initial temperature increase, actual exposure temperature time, and final temperature fall time. After steaming, drying was performed at a temperature of 60 ° C. for 2 hours in a drying oven. After drying the dried ginseng leaves using a turbo mill (Korea Energy Co., Hong Cheon, Korea), 2g of ginseng leaf powder was extracted for 24 hours using 100ml methanol solvent. The supernatant was filtered using # 1 filter paper and the residual layer was further extracted under the same conditions, and the supernatant was combined with the first supernatant to remove the solvent using a 38 ° C. vacuum rotary evaporator. The separated extract solids (pellets) were lyophilized and stored at -80 ° C until analysis.

PPD Ginsenoside Analysis by HPLC

PPD ginsenoside standards were purchased for HPLC analysis. Each extracted sample was dissolved in a 100 mL secondary distilled water using a fractional funnel. The lipophilic component of the ginseng leaf extract was removed by solvent fractionation using ethyl ether. Ginsenosides were separated by n-butanol fractionation and butanol was removed using a vacuum rotary evaporator. After lyophilization, ginsenosides in the form of pellets were subjected to HPLC system (CBM-20A, Shimadzu Ltd, Kyoto, Japan), 2 gradient pump systems (LC-20AT, Shimadzu), and UV-detector (SPD-10A, Shimadzu). And analyzed. Columns are Germmini C18 column (μm, 100 x 4.6 mm, Phenomenex Inc., Torrance, CA, USA), flow rate of mobile phase slution 1.0 ml / min, solution A (0.4%, formic acid in water), solution B ( 0.4%, formic acid in acetonitrile), gradient elution 28-32% of solutin B for 0-5 min, 32-37% for 5-15 min, 37-40% for 15-20 min, 40-70% for 0 ˜40 min, sample injection 10 μl (10 mg / ml), peaks monitored at 203 nm. HPLC analysis was performed based on the PPD ginsenoside standard chromatogram profile shown in FIG. 2.

PPD ginsenoside content before treatment

Ginsenosides are converted from the four glycoside ginsenoside forms to the glycoside somewhat released by heat, acid degradation, and enzymes. 4-glycoside PPD (Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rb3), 3-glycoside ginsenoside (Rd), 2-glycoside-attached ginsenoside (Rg3), 1-glycoside-attached ginsenoside (Rh2) were analyzed.

Figure 3 shows the biodegradation process of PPD ginsenosides.

As shown in Table 1, Rb1 (2.54 mg / g dry wt) showed the highest PPD ginsenoside content in normal hydrothermal extraction. Rc, Rd, Rb3 (1.28, 0.90, 0.88 mg / g dry wt) showed the second highest level, and Rg3, Rh2 (0.06, 0.01 mg / g dry wt) belonged to the lowest level group. Meanwhile, the ginsenoside content of ginseng leaves will vary depending on the type and stage of growth. It will also depend on the extraction process. American ginseng ( Panax quinquefolius L.) has the highest levels of Rb1.

Table 1.PPD ginsenoside contents in ginseng leaves by heat treatment

PPD ginsenoside content by treatment

Looking at the content of ginsenosides by the steaming process according to the present invention is shown in Table 1. Steam heat treatment significantly decreased the Rb1 content of ginseng leaves and had little effect on Rc and Rb3. Rb2 was significantly increased by steam heat treatment. Rg3 and Rh2 increased in proportion to the steam temperature. In conclusion, steam treatment of ginseng leaves is an efficient processing method to significantly increase Rb2, Rg3, Rh2.

Extraction of dried ginseng leaves treated with a solvent: The dried ginseng leaf extract may be extracted with a solvent as follows and then concentrated using a reduced pressure concentrator or freeze-dried to obtain an extract.

1. For water extraction, extract the solvent layer using filter paper (Whatman # 1) for 1 hour after extracting water at about 20 times the amount of sample at 100˚C. Extract it again.

2. Alcohol extraction is extracted with methanol at about 50 times the amount of sample at room temperature for 24 hours, and the solvent layer is extracted using filter paper (Whatman # 1), and the remaining samples are repeated once more under the same conditions. Extract by

Hereinafter, the contents of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. However, these examples are only presented to more easily understand the contents of the present invention, the scope of the present invention is not limited by these examples.

<Example>

Five-year-old ginseng leaves were collected from the ginseng farmland in Hoengseong area, and fresh green ginseng leaves were selected and harvested. The collected ginseng leaves are quickly washed and drained, steamed at 90 ℃ autoclave (Korean Energy Co., Seoul, Korea) for 10 minutes, and then dried at 60 ℃ drying oven for 2 hours to become 10% of the live weight. It was dried until. The dried ginseng leaves were ground to a size of 5 mesh and stored at room temperature.

Comparative Example

Five-year-old ginseng leaves were collected from the ginseng farmland in Hoengseong area, and fresh green ginseng leaves were selected and harvested. The collected ginseng leaves were quickly washed and drained, and then dried in a 60 ° C. hot air dryer until they reached 10% of the fresh weight. The dried ginseng leaves were ground to a size of 5 mesh and stored at room temperature.

Sensory test

The ginseng leaf powder prepared in the above Examples and Comparative Examples was added to the water at 80 ° C. at a concentration of about 2% (w / v), and sensory evaluation was carried out by three repetitions of 20 sensory test personnel trained with concern. Was carried out. The sensory test items were conducted on fragrance, taste, color, and overall acceptability. Five points were scored according to the five-point scale method, and the test subjects recorded scores according to the following evaluation criteria.

5: very good ~ 1: very bad

Table 2. Sensory Test Results of Ginseng Leaf Tea

incense flavor color Overall preference Comparative example 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.5 Example 4.2 4.1 3.8 4.1

Steamed and dried ginseng leaf tea prepared by the embodiment of the present invention showed a higher sensory score in aroma and taste than the comparative example, and did not show a significant difference in color. Also in the description analysis, the embodiment of the present invention replied that the taste and aroma unique to ginseng leaves were more abundant and harmonious.

Figure 1 shows the chemical structure of the PPD ginsenosides dealt with in the present invention.

2 is a chromatogram of standard PPD ginsenosides material of HPLC analysis according to the present invention.

Figure 3 shows the biodegradation process of PPD ginsenosides.

Claims (12)

Harvesting and washing leaves of fresh ginseng rapidly to remove moisture; Steaming the ginseng leaves from which water has been removed by washing; Drying the steamed ginseng leaf; Method of producing a ginseng leaf with increased content of Rb2, Rg3, Rh2 in ginsenoside components, characterized in that it comprises the step of grinding the steamed dried ginseng leaves. The method of claim 1, wherein the ginseng is Korean Ginseng ( Panax ginseng ) or American Ginseng ( Panax quinquefolius ) Method for producing ginseng leaves with increased content of Rb2, Rg3, Rh2 in ginsenoside components. The method of claim 1, wherein the steaming is performed at a temperature in the range of 60 to 120 ° C. The method for producing ginseng leaves having an increased content of Rb2, Rg3, and Rh2 in the ginsenoside component. The method of claim 3, wherein the steaming is performed for 10 minutes. The method of producing ginseng leaves having an increased content of Rb2, Rg3, and Rh2 in the ginsenoside component. The method of claim 1, wherein the drying process is dried until the ginseng leaf is 10% of the live weight of the ginseng leaf, the method of producing ginseng leaves with an increased content of Rb2, Rg3, Rh2. The method of manufacturing a ginseng leaf having increased content of Rb2, Rg3, and Rh2 in the ginsenoside component of claim 5, wherein the drying process is dried for 2 hours in a drying oven at 60 ° C. Harvesting and washing leaves of fresh ginseng rapidly to remove moisture; Steaming the ginseng leaves from which water has been removed by washing; Drying the steamed ginseng leaf; Grinding the steamed and dried ginseng leaves; Method for producing a ginseng leaf tea with increased content of Rb2, Rg3, Rh2 in the ginsenoside component, characterized in that it comprises the step of extracting the ground ginseng leaves using a solvent. The method of claim 7, wherein the solvent is water, wherein the content of Rb2, Rg3, Rh2 in the ginsenoside component is increased. According to claim 7, wherein the solvent is characterized in that the alcohol, the extraction method of ginseng leaf tea with increased content of Rb2, Rg3, Rh2 in the ginsenoside component, characterized in that to remove the solvent. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the alcohol is methanol or ethanol, characterized in that the content of Rb2, Rg3, Rh2 in the ginsenoside component is increased. Ginseng leaves with an increased content of Rb2, Rg3, Rh2 prepared by any one of claims 1 to 6. Ginseng leaf tea with an increased content of Rb2, Rg3, Rh2 prepared by any one of claims 7 to 10.

Images