RU2723412C1 - Method for intensive non-pillar mining of mineral deposits at great depths - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to mining industry. It includes separation of stratum into pillars by driving of gangways with leaving of pillars between them, faults between drifts, ventilation gangways, auxiliary ventilation openings. Lava power train is arranged in conveyor track. A rock strip is erected behind the lava, the height of which is assumed equal to thickness of the stratum, and its width is accepted as exceeding the maximum width, at which excess stability of the conveyor drift is provided in the section located in the worked-out space between the lava and the nearest to the lava break-up, as well as air leaks are excluded. Fresh jet of air for ventilation of the lava and power train is supplied by the breakdown closest to the lava, the exhausted jet of air from the power train is taken to the ventilation drift along the section of the conveyor gangway located ahead of the lava and to the auxiliary ventilation opening.EFFECT: invention can be used at potassium and coal mines to increase efficiency of underground development of mineral deposits at great depths.1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in potash and coal mines to increase the efficiency of underground mining of mineral deposits at great depths.

A known method for the development of mineral seams at great depths (patent RU 2605240 C1, 12/20/2016), including preparatory workings, mining seams with lavas, direct cooling of the air in the air supply due to the parallel supply of coolant from the refrigeration machine to cool the process medium, and discharge heat is released using a refrigerating machine and a heat exchanger for heat removal, which contains two or more heat exchangers for parallel cooling of the air and the process medium, one of which is designed to cool the air, and the other to cool the process medium, by supplying the heat carrier in parallel to these heat exchangers.

The disadvantage of this method is the low efficiency of air cooling during intensive aimless mining of mineral deposits at great depths.

There is a method of developing mineral deposits (Normative and methodological documents for mining at the Starobinsky potassium salt deposit. Publisher: Slutsk Printing House, Republic of Belarus, 1995, p. 126), including the separation of the mineral layer into layers, panels and poles by means of panel and precinct conveyor and ventilation drifts, driving auxiliary workings, mounting drifts and mining pillars with lavas. The lava power train is located in the conveyor drift in the immediate vicinity of the lava.

The disadvantages of this method when intensive mining of layers at great depths are significant losses of minerals in pillars left between panels and columns of minerals and the high temperature of the air entering the lava during intensive mining of the formation.

There is a method of aimless development of mineral strata at great depths (patent BY 9409 C1, 06/30/2006), including dividing the mineral stratum into pillars by driving conveyor and transport drifts with leaving mineral pillars between them, driving between the conveyor and transport drift of furnaces , driving the ventilation drift, driving the auxiliary ventilation excavation between the conveyor and ventilation drift, mining the pillar in the area adjacent to the worked space in line with the treatment face, placing the location of the energy train of the lava in the area of the conveyor drift directly adjacent to the lava, supplying a fresh stream to the lava air along the section of the conveyor drift, on which the energy train is located, the construction behind the lava in the worked out space along the district conveyor drift of the rock band.

The disadvantage of this method with the intensive development of mineral strata at great depths is the high temperature of the air entering the lava, which leads to a decrease in the productivity of sewage treatment and an increase in the labor hazard of miners in the face.

There is a method of aimless development of mineral strata at great depths (Instructions for the protection and fastening of mine workings at the Starobinsky deposit. JSC Belaruskali, Unitary Enterprise Institute of Mining. Soligorsk, 2018, p. 60), adopted for the prototype, including the separation mineral strata on poles, driving conveyor and transport drifts with leaving a pillar of minerals between them, driving between conveyor and transport drifts of failures, driving a drift in the middle of a column, driving auxiliary ventilation workings between a conveyor and ventilation drift, mining a pillar of mineral lava , placing an energy train of lava in a conveyor drift in the immediate vicinity of a lava, building behind a lava in a mined space along a conveyor drift of a rock strip, reusing a transport drift when working off an adjacent (nearby) pillar as an air supply direct drift, supplying a fresh stream of air to the lava through the transport and conveyor drifts, as well as an air-supplying drift, removal of exhausted air jets through the ventilation drift.

The disadvantage of this method, with the intensive development of mineral strata at great depths, is the high temperature of the air entering the lava, which leads to a decrease in the productivity of sewage treatment and an increase in the labor hazard of miners in the face.

The technical result is a decrease in the temperature of the air entering the lava, an increase in the productivity of the treatment work and the safety of the miners of the working face.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the height of the rock strip is taken equal to the thickness of the formation, and its width is taken greater than the maximum strip width, exceeding which ensures the stability of the conveyor drift of the worked column in the area located in the mined space between the lava and the closest closest lava, a fresh air stream to ventilate the lava and the energy train, they are fed along the fault closest to the lava, which is located behind the lava, and the section of the conveyor drift of the worked column, which is located in the worked out space between the lava and the closest fault to the lava, and the exhaust air stream from the energy train is diverted to the ventilation drift of the worked column a section of the conveyor drift, the worked off pillar which is located in front of the lava, and auxiliary ventilation excavation.

The method is illustrated by the following figure:

FIG. 1 is a plan view of two extraction columns, one of the columns is under development, the second is in preparation, where:

1 - transport drift of the worked column;

2 - conveyor drift of the worked column;

3 - failures;

4 - ventilation drift of the worked column;

5 - air supply drift of the worked column;

6 - auxiliary ventilation output;

7 - jumper;

8 - lava power train;

9 - breed strip;

10 - transport drift prepared column;

11 - conveyor drift prepared column;

12 - ventilation drift of the prepared column;

13 - a fresh stream of air for airing lava and energy trains;

14 - exhaust air stream from the lava;

15 - refreshing stream of air;

16 - exhaust air stream discharged from the energy train;

17 - mechanized support in the lava;

18 - the length of the lava;

19 - the distance between the ventilation drift and the worked out space;

20 - distance between failures;

21 - the width of the breed strip;

22 - the width of the pillar of the mineral;

23 - the length of the train;

24 - the length of the section of the conveyor drift, located in the worked-out space between the lava and the fault closest to the lava;

25 - direction of lava movement.

The method is as follows. With intensive aimless development of mineral strata, for example, salt or coal, at great depths, the mineral stratum is divided into pillars (mining columns).

The preparation of the column is carried out by driving the transport drift of the prepared column 10 (Fig. 1) and the conveyor drift 11 of the prepared column, leaving between them a pillar of minerals of width 22. Between the conveyor drift 11 of the prepared column and the transport drift of the prepared column, failures 3 At the same time as driving the transport drift 10 of the prepared column and the conveyor drift 11 of the prepared column, the ventilation drift 12 of the prepared column, as well as the auxiliary ventilation excavation 6 between the conveyor drift 11 of the prepared column and the ventilation drift 12 of the prepared column pass.

Column mining is performed with simultaneous excavation of a mineral pillar 22 wide in line with the lava. Behind the lava in the worked-out space along the conveyor drift 2 of the worked column, a rock band 9 is erected, the height of which is taken to be equal to the thickness of the formation. The width of the rock band 21 is taken to be greater than the maximum band width, exceeding which ensures the stability (technically satisfactory condition) of the conveyor drift 2 of the worked column in the area located in the worked out space between the lava and the fault 3 closest to the lava, and also air leakages through the rock band are excluded.

A fresh stream of air to ventilate the lava and the power train is served by the transport drift 1 of the worked column closest to the lava fault 3, located behind the lava, and a section 24 of the conveyor drift located in the worked out space between the lava and the closest fault to the lava, and fault 3. On when the lava is conjugated with a conveyor drift, a fresh stream of air is separated to ventilate the lava and energy train 13: part of the air enters the lava, and part to air the energy train of the lava 8.

The exhausted stream of air 16 discharged from the energy train enters the ventilation drift 4 of the exhaust column through the auxiliary ventilation output 6.

When using the known method - the prototype, the high temperature of the air entering the lava is associated with significant heat emissions of the energy train, which is installed on the site of the conveyor drift 2 of the worked column, directly adjacent to the lava. When using the prototype method, after passing the section of the conveyor drift, on which the energy train is located, the ventilation stream enters the lava.

In conditions of great depths, 700-800 m and more, with intensive development of formations, which involves the use of high-performance and energy-intensive treatment equipment, the air temperature in the area of the energy train reaches from +33 to 34 ° C and is dangerous to the health of miners. At such air temperatures, the productivity of miners sharply decreases. According to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation (Articles 209 and 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation), in the existing mines at the permanent workplaces of employees during the shift, the maximum air temperature must not exceed + 26 ° С. If the air temperature at the workplace is 30 ° C, then the duration of their working day cannot exceed 5 hours, at 31 ° C - 3 hours, 32 ° C - 2 hours, and 32.5 ° C - 1 hour. Compliance with this requirement leads to a decrease in the productivity of miners and an increase in production costs. Failure to comply with this requirement leads to a deterioration in the working conditions of miners in the lava, and an increase in the danger of treatment work.

When implementing the set of essential features of the proposed method, the electric train and lava are aerated with individual air jets. The exhausted stream of air 16, discharged from the energy train and ventilating the energy train, does not enter the lava, but is given out through the auxiliary ventilation output 6 into the ventilation drift 4 of the exhaust column. Those. the temperature of the train does not affect the temperature of the air stream entering the lava.

Using the proposed method allows to reduce the temperature of the air entering the lava, the consequence of which are:

- improving safety and improving working conditions for miners;

- increasing the productivity of treatment work;

- reduction of production costs.

The parameters necessary for the implementation of the proposed method, namely, the distance between the failures 3, the width of the rock band 21, the width of the pillar of the mineral 22 are determined using well-known methods of mine, laboratory or analytical studies. The redistribution of air volumes during ventilation of lava and energy trains is carried out using known methods of regulating air flow in mine workings.

The method is illustrated by the following example. The method can be applied in a mine environment, mining seams of minerals (coal and salt seams) using high-performance treatment equipment. These mines include most of the promising mines in the Donetsk basin, Belaruskali potash mines, and promising mines in China and other countries developed in the field of mining. The greatest economic and social effect is achieved when using this method at depths of more than 750-800 m, characterized by the temperature of the host rocks in excess of 25-26 ° C.

The potash layer lies at a depth of 800 m. The thickness of the IV potash layer is 1.4 m. The bed angle is 2-3 °. The temperature of the enclosing rocks is -25-26 ° C.

Development system - by long pillars with a recess of the IV potash layer with lavas, equipped with high-performance mechanized complexes with shearers like Eickhoff. The length of the lava is 200 m. The energy train is located in the conveyor drift of the worked column at a distance of 2-8 m from the lava.

When using the known prototype method under the considered conditions, the actual temperature of the air stream in the region of the location of the energy train reaches + 32-33 ° C or more. At this temperature, a stream of air enters the lava.

When using the proposed method (Fig. 1) to prepare the next pillar for mining, a transport drift 10 of the prepared column and a conveyor drift 11 of the prepared column are left with a mineral pillar of 22 being left between them. The width of this pillar is 25 m. Between the conveyor drift 11 of the prepared column and transport drift 10 of the prepared column pass failures 3. The distance between failures 3-70 m. In the middle part of the column pass ventilation drift 12 of the prepared column; between the conveyor drift 11 of the prepared column and the ventilation drift 12 of the prepared column are auxiliary ventilation workings 6.

When excavating a pillar, the entire mineral deposit is worked out on the same line as the mine face; behind the lava in the worked-out space along the conveyor drift 2 of the worked column, a rock band 9 is constructed with a width of 5 m and a height of 1.4 m. With these parameters of the rock strip, the stability of the conveyor drift 2 of the worked column behind the lava in a section up to 90 m long is ensured, and air leaks through pedigree strip. A fresh stream of air to ventilate the lava and the power train is supplied along the fault 3 closest to the lava, located behind the lava, and the section of the conveyor drift 2 of the worked column located in the worked out space between the lava and the fault 3. At the interface between the lava and the conveyor drift 2 of the worked column, the fresh jets of air to ventilate the lava and energy train 13: part of the air enters the lava, part to ventilate the energy train.

The exhausted air stream 16 discharged from the energy train enters the ventilation drift of the exhaust column 4 along the section of the conveyor drift 4 of the exhaust column located in front of the lava, and the auxiliary ventilation output 6.

Using the proposed method in conditions of mining the IV-th potash layer of the Third potash layer in the mines can reduce the air temperature in the lava by 7-9 ° C or more, the result of which are:

- improving safety and improving working conditions for miners working faces (lava);

- increasing the productivity of treatment works (volumes of extraction from lava);

- reduction of production costs by at least 15-20% compared with options that provide for a reduced duration of the work shift.

Claims (1)

A method for intensive aimless development of mineral strata at great depths, including dividing the mineral stratum into columns, driving the conveyor and transport drifts of the prepared column, leaving a pillar of the mineral between them, sinking between the conveyor and transport drift of the prepared column of discharges, sinking of the ventilation drift of the prepared column into the middle part of the prepared column, the driving of auxiliary ventilation workings between the conveyor and ventilation drift of the prepared column, mining of the pillar of mineral lava, the placement of the energy train of the lava in the conveyor drift of the worked column in the immediate vicinity of the lava, the construction behind the lava in the worked out space along the conveyor drift of the worked-out column of the rock band , reuse of the transport drift of the worked column when working off a nearby pillar as an air supply drift, chu into the lava of a fresh air stream through the transport and conveyor drifts of the worked column, as well as by the air supply drift of the worked column, exhaust air jets through the ventilation drift of the worked column, characterized in that the height of the rock strip is taken equal to the thickness of the formation, and its width is taken greater than the maximum the width of the strip, exceeding which ensures the stability of the conveyor drift of the worked column in the area located in the mined space between the lava and the closest lava, a fresh stream of air to ventilate the lava and the power train is served along the closest fault to the lava, which is located behind the lava, and the conveyor section drift of the worked column, which is located in the worked-out space between the lava and the fault closest to the lava, and the exhaust air stream from the energy train is directed to the ventilation drift of the worked column along the section of the conveyor drift of the worked column, which is located in front of the lava, and auxiliary ventilation output.

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