RU2723246C1 - Ventilated facade mounting method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to construction, namely to a method for mounting an internal lining of a building, also used in construction of residential buildings, structures using suspended ventilated facades, stained glass glazing and other building structures. Method of ventilated facade installation includes mounting of support brackets for attachment of vertical bearing profiles to height of floor on plates of interfloor overlapping, installation of vertical bearing profiles, facade lining, insulation installation and internal guard filling, wherein the support brackets are mounted on the edges of the slabs of the interfloor, after the facing of the facade to the rear part of the vertical bearing profiles, a fire-proof screen is attached, to which a heat insulation material is installed.EFFECT: creation of a method for mounting a ventilated facade, including installation of support brackets for attachment of vertical bearing profiles to height of floor on plates of interfloor overlapping, mounting of vertical bearing profiles, facing of facade, installation of insulation and filling of internal guard, at that support brackets are mounted on edges of plates of interfloor overlapping, after lining of facade to rear part of vertical bearing profiles a fire-proof screen is attached to which a heater is installed.1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, and in particular to a method of mounting the inner lining of a building, is also used in the construction of residential buildings, structures using hinged ventilated facades, stained-glass windows and other building structures.

There is an urgent problem in the world to simplify and accelerate the construction of buildings and structures, especially in areas with a continental climate, where in the autumn-winter period it is not possible to carry out masonry work on the erection of walls due to strong low temperatures.

This negatively affects the planned activities for commissioning of the facilities in the form of unpredictable weather conditions, while it should be borne in mind that more than 50% of the territory of the Russian Federation is located in an area with sharp fluctuations in temperature, humidity, and thus eliminating the influence of such factors requires new technical solutions and approaches to the implementation of construction works in general.

From the investigated prior art, the applicant has identified various analogues of the claimed technical solution for the matching set of features of the method of mounting a ventilated facade, which are discussed below in more detail.

From the studied prior art, the invention of the patent was revealed (RU No. 2282697, IPC EV04/26, published on 08.27.2006). The essence is a method of erecting the outer wall of a multi-storey building, including erecting the building frame, installing an external wall formed by the hinged facade panels separated by an air layer, and insulating the walls between them, and first, external facade panels are hung on the building frame along its entire facade using eyes on the vertical supports of the frame and mounting hooks on the panels, and then, as the inner wall is erected, they fill the space between the inner and outer walls with insulation.

The disadvantages of this method are the ability to manufacture panels only in a horizontal position, which requires significant production areas; the complexity of transportation and storage compared to flat panels due to the presence of protruding parts; complexity of installation due to the fact that you need to hang the panel on the hinges using all four mounting hooks at once.

From the studied prior art, the invention according to the patent (RU No. 2122082, IPC EV04/28, published on November 20, 1998) was revealed. The essence is a method of erecting the outer wall of a multi-storey building, including installing the outer and inner walls separated by an air gap, connecting them together and placing insulation between them, while the outer wall within each floor is installed on a reinforced concrete frame that is rigidly fixed to the supporting structures of the building after fixing given her butt gap with the underlying outer wall, and floor installation of the outer wall, mainly from concrete panels, is performed before the installation of the inner.

The disadvantages of this method of mounting the wall and insulation are the high cost and the complexity of the construction, since it is necessary to install a reinforced concrete inner layer in a narrow gap between the mounted outer layer and the ceiling, and then fill the cavity between the outer and inner layers with insulation. In addition to the complexity of this process, it cannot be controlled, and at the same time, there is a decrease in the quality of the external wall being constructed in terms of its thermal conductivity.

From the investigated prior art revealed a utility model for the patent (RU No. 85176, IPC E04C 2/26, published on 07/27/2009). The essence is a multilayer wall, consisting of inner and outer layers separated by an effective insulation, the outer layer represented by facade hinged panels in the form of rectangular plates with embedded part, while the panels with upper and lower edges made with a bevel to the inside, in the upper part they have steel loops with which they are hung on steel hooks placed on the ends of the reinforced concrete floor consoles, and the embedded part of the upper panel located in its lower part is connected by welding a steel rod to the embedded part in the upper part of the lower panel.

The disadvantages of this method are: the need to use when installing the panel in the design position of the crane equipment; the need to seal butt joints after installation, which is feasible, if there are additional scaffolds, cradles and other devices.

From the studied prior art, the invention according to the patent (RU No. 2204664, IPC E04 B 2/28, published on 05/20/2003 g) was revealed. The essence is the outer multilayer wall of the building, containing an outer, separated primarily by pre-fabricated reinforced concrete panels, fixed by means of metal ties on the supporting structures of the building, separated by an intermediate insulating layer, and an inner layer, with a ventilated air gap of 25-150 mm , its outer and inner layers are made of different materials, the panel of the outer layer is architecturally designed and has the size of the structural cell of the building, and each panel is installed relative to adjacent panels with gaps of 5-40 mm and communicating with ventilated air gaps, metal the connections are made flexible, detachable and pivotally fixed on the floor and panel, the intermediate insulation and the inner layers are made of separate elements and / or small-sized parts.

The disadvantage of this method is the impossibility of installing external panels from the floor slab, since the external panel has the dimensions of a building cell. Also, in this installation method, condensate may accumulate between the wall panel and the outer insulation layer at the ends of the floors, since the external wall panels are floor-bearing and the air gap is limited by floor floors, which will cause condensation to accumulate in the air gap. In the case of hinged cladding, condensate is removed, which prevents premature destruction of the facade from moisture.

From the investigated prior art revealed a utility model for the patent (RU No. 107237, IPC E04F 2/26, published on 08/10/2011). The essence is a device for setting and adjusting the level of the beacon, including an adjusting element, the adjusting element consisting of two parts in the form of hollow cylinders, which are made with the possibility of screwing one into the other, - the support, the base of which is fixed to the work surface, and the external, which has the hole in the center and is a reference for the bracket-bracket with a beacon, which is made with the possibility of fixing in the hole of the outer cylinder with a latch, while the outer cylinder has a protruding rib located under the bracket-bracket, is for it a reference plane and has radial slots for adjusting the distance of the beacon from the surface by rotation, while the adjustment element is additionally equipped with an extension sleeve, which is installed between the supporting and external cylinders.

From the investigated prior art revealed a utility model for the patent (RU No. 76939, IPC E04F 13/07, published on 04/30/2008). The essence is a clamp for fastening the facing plates of building facades, consisting of starting and closing elements, each of which has a shelf for attaching to the surface to be coated, presser feet for interacting with the outer surface of the facing plate and at least one locking stop protruding from the shelf for fastening wherein the starting element has a support shelf under the facing plate connected to the shelf for fastening along its length, the presser legs of the starting element are connected to the support shelf with its free long edge, and the presser legs of the locking element are connected to its shelf for mounting through sections, perpendicular to this shelf, in its middle part width.

From the studied prior art, the invention was revealed according to the patent (SN No. 688866, IPC E04F 13/08, EB04 1/61, E04D 3/36, F16B 5/00, published on 04/30/1998). The essence is the metal structure of the building, formed from a network of profiled elements, supporting fastening hooks attached to its vertical and / or horizontal elements. The hooks support adjacent cladding panels at the lower and upper points and interact with spring clips to prevent the panels from moving relative to the structure. The clamps are located in the side channel sections of the profiled elements and have a shape that includes a section that projects forward from the channel for contact with the rear surface of the panel. The protruding part of each clamp has the form of contact with the panel in one point contact or two separate point contacts and can engage either with one panel or with the edges of two adjacent panels.

From the studied prior art revealed a utility model for the patent (RU No. 34557, IPC E01F 13/00, E04F 13/12 E04F 13/14, EV 2/96, published on 12/10/2003). The essence is a set of hinged ventilated facade, made in the form of a front suspension containing mounted on the wall with at least one fastening element, a bracket with elements made in its shelf for mounting inserts in them for attaching a hanging facing plate, while the bracket is movable and consists of two parts - the fixed one, which is attached to the wall, and the movable part with oval holes, to which the insert for attaching the cladding plate is made, made in the form of a supporting vertical profile, fixing the bracket to the wall provides an anchor, in addition, the kit additionally contains an insulation layer at the same time, the layer of cladding plates attached to the movable part of the bracket is installed with an air gap relative to the layer of insulation plates located behind it, the cladding plates are fastened to the vertical supporting ones using stainless steel self-tapping screws, in addition to the marked elements, the kit is equipped with paroni gaskets and rubber gaskets.

The disadvantages of hinged facade systems are the complexity of installation and the increase in construction time, due to the following factors: work on fixing the heat-insulating layer and installation of facade panels is possible only after the complete installation of the inner layer of the wall, which, as a rule, is made of stone materials; for the installation of guides, thermal insulation and facade panels, scaffolding or the use of special suspension devices is required, since all these operations are performed from the outside; cladding panels are made of materials that practically do not let steam through, so there is a need to organize a ventilated air gap.

From the studied prior art, the invention was revealed by the patent (RU No. 2399731, IPC EV04/54, published on September 20, 2010). The essence is a method of erecting a multi-layer, self-supporting wall within the floor, based on the overlapping of the frame building, including installing the outer and inner walls separated by an air layer and placing insulation between them, at the same time horizontal runs on which the vertical posts are supported, are fastened to the overlap dowels, and external front panels are inserted into the grooves of the latter from above from the inside.

The disadvantage of this method is that the guides in the form of steel racks with grooves are attached not to the load-bearing part of the wall, but to horizontal steel girders installed on the floor consoles; facade panels (cladding) in the form of plates of materials that sufficiently pass air vapor are installed in the design position before installing the inner wall and thermal insulation not from the outside, but from the inside and without the use of load-lifting mechanisms.

There are also the most common known methods of mounting a ventilated facade, during the installation of which, mineral insulation is used, which is attached to the wall with connectors (dowels), while the lining is mounted on the stringers (guides) and mounted on brackets. Brackets are mounted to the wall using connectors. Facing is used the most diverse: natural stone, porcelain stoneware, aluminum panels, fiberglass concrete, etc. The guides are made of galvanized steel or of various aluminum alloys. Widely used facade systems such as "Kraspan", "Hoarfrost", "Wave", "Spidi" and others.

The disadvantages of conventional hinged facade systems are the complexity of installation and the increase in construction time, which are caused by the following factors: work on fixing the heat-insulating layer and installation of facade panels is possible only after the complete installation of the inner layer of the wall, which, as a rule, is made of stone materials, and for installation guide bearing profiles of insulation and facade panels requires scaffolding or the use of special suspension devices, since all these operations are performed from the outside. Cladding panels are made of materials that practically do not let steam through, so there is a need for a ventilated air gap.

Closest to the claimed technical solution for the combination of essential features and purpose, the invention was revealed by the patent (patent RU No. 2557269, IPC E04 B 2/54, published on July 20, 2015). The essence is the method of installation of the facade cladding and insulation from the floor slab, characterized in that the brackets are first installed on the end of the floor slab for mounting the frame from vertical rails to the height of the floor and horizontal profiles, on the external profiles, the external facade cladding is mounted, after the cladding is mounted on horizontal profiles install fastening elements for thermal insulation, on which at least one layer of insulation is placed, after fixing which an internal fence is installed.

The disadvantage of this installation method is that the installation of support brackets in the end face of the plate is extremely difficult and dangerous work. Holes should be drilled using climbing equipment or special insurance. The proposed installation scheme of the insulation is extremely inconvenient when installing rigid insulation, and the pins cannot pierce the insulation, which leads to deformation and damage. At subzero temperatures, the plastic pins become brittle, which further complicates the installation of rigid insulation boards. After installing the insulation and fixing it, it is necessary to cut off the sticking pins, as they interfere with the masonry of the wall material. It is necessary to cut off the pins using a special tool based on the material of the pin itself. With strong wind loads, the insulation can be ripped off the pins. This technology completely repeats the technology of mounting ventilated facades from Zerringer (Canada) using original materials. Similar materials are not produced in Russia and are 100% imported components. Also, this technology has not worked out ways to increase the degree of fire safety of these works, taking into account the construction of high-rise buildings and the difficulty of extinguishing fires on them.

Thus, in view of the above known circumstances, the purpose of this invention is to simplify the method of mounting a ventilated facade by attaching support brackets at the edges of floor slabs, which allows it to be mounted in a safe manner without climbing equipment or special safety equipment, and by installing a fireproof screen to a vertical supporting profile is provided protection against the effects of fire and at the same time a fireproof shield is an element of fastening for the insulation itself.

The technical result is the creation of a method of mounting a ventilated facade, including the installation of support brackets for fastening vertical load-bearing profiles to the floor height on floor slabs, installation of vertical load-bearing profiles, facade cladding, installation of insulation and filling the internal fence, and the support brackets are mounted on the edges of the floor slabs , after facing the facade to the back of the vertical supporting profiles, a fireproof screen is mounted on which the insulation is installed.

An advantage of the technical result of this invention is:

- simplification of the installation of the ventilated facade;

- installation of a fireproof screen allows you to increase the degree of fire safety of the object, given the difficulty of extinguishing on high-rise buildings;

- when installing the dowel for fixing the insulation, the wall material is not damaged, since the insulation is attached to the fireproof screen, this makes it possible to use the lightest heat-efficient wall and ceramic hollow materials;

- when installing the supporting frame do not use additional horizontal profiles, which saves materials;

- through the use of lightweight effective wall materials, the wall thickness decreases and the internal area of the room increases, material is also saved and installation time is reduced;

- when used in the installation of lightweight wall materials, the load on the building foundation is reduced;

- installation of the facade without laying walls allows to reduce construction time and gives a more finished look to the building at the construction stage.

The installation method of the ventilated facade is illustrated as follows:

According to the project, geodetic work is carried out on the facade to determine the locations of the support brackets of the ventilated facade. After determining the marking, holes are drilled on the edge of the floor slab for fastening the support brackets with thermal padding and are fastened with driven expansion anchors or bolts into the drilled holes in the floor slab. The number and diameter of anchors or bolts is determined by design calculation. Thermal padding is installed in order to eliminate the occurrence of cold bridges.

The vertical support profile is mounted to the support bracket with a stainless bolted connection with self-locking nuts and a thermal spacer is installed between the support bracket and the vertical support profile. In the upper part of the vertical supporting profile, it is fastened to the support bracket through oval holes to relieve temperature linear loads from temperature increases in the profile.

Facade cladding materials are mounted to the vertical supporting profile with fasteners according to the facade material of the building.

A fireproof screen made of low-combustible or non-combustible sheet material - cement-bonded particle board (glass-chip board) or glass - magnesium sheet (LSU) is attached to the back of the vertical supporting profile with self-tapping screws with an increased head area or with a washer. A fireproof screen is installed before installation of the insulation to ensure protection of the insulation from fire.

The vapor-wind-hydro-protective film is determined by the project and fastened with building brackets to the fireproof screen.

Facade insulation materials are determined according to the requirements of the project and thermal engineering calculation, the thickness and grade are set by the project. The insulation layers are attached to the fireproof shield with dowels for attaching the insulation with self-tapping screws. After work is carried out to fill the wall openings.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

in FIG. 1 is a vertical section of a hinged ventilated facade;

in FIG. 2 - horizontal section (top view) of the hinged ventilated facade;

in FIG. 3 - shows the mounting bracket of the bearing bracket on the edge of the floor slab with vertical frame elements.

Symbols adopted in the drawings: 1 - self-locking nuts; 2 - facing material of the facade; 3 - dowels; 4 - a fixing element; 5, 6 - insulation materials; 7 - vertical bearing profile; 8 - fireproof screen; 9 - support bracket; 10 - steam, wind, waterproof film; 11 - wall materials; 12 - anchors / bolts; 13 - thermal pad; 14 - floor slab; 15 - stainless bolts; 16 - oval holes.

The support bracket 9 and the thermal pad 13 are mounted on the edge of the floor slab 14 in the drilled hole and fixed with driven expansion anchors or bolts 12 into the drilled holes in the floor slab. The vertical support profile 7 is mounted to the support bracket 9 with a stainless bolt 15 connection with self-locking nuts 1. Thermal pad 13 is installed between the vertical support profile 7 and the support bracket 9.

In the upper part of the vertical supporting profile 7, fastening is made through oval holes 16 with stainless bolts 15 to relieve temperature linear loads from temperature increases in the profile.

Facing material of the facade 2 is mounted to the vertical supporting profile 7 by fasteners 4. To the rear of the vertical supporting profile 7 self-tapping screws fasten a fire shield 8 made of TsSP or SML materials.

Before the facade is insulated, a steam-, wind-, and hydro-protective film 10 is mounted, fastened with construction brackets to the fireproof screen 8, then the facade insulation materials 5 and 6 are attached to the fireproof screen 8 with dowels 3 for attaching the heater with self-tapping screws.

Last of all, fill the opening with wall materials 11.

Claims (2)

1. A method of mounting a ventilated facade, including mounting support brackets for mounting vertical load-bearing profiles to the floor height on floor slabs, installing vertical load-bearing profiles, facade cladding, installing insulation and filling the internal fence, characterized in that the support brackets are mounted on the edges of the floor slabs floors, after facing the facade to the back of the vertical bearing profiles fasten a fireproof screen, on which the insulation is installed. 2. The method of mounting the ventilated facade according to claim 1, characterized in that a steam and hydro-protective film is additionally installed between the fireproof screen and the insulation.

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