RU2719684C1 - Bath furnace and heating method of bath furnace - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to heating devices on solid fuel used for heating of steam room with possibility of long-term generation of fine steam in sauna baths. Bath furnace includes housing consisting of two side, front and rear vertical walls and horizontal base with legs, furnace located inside housing, air vent, grate arranged on grate frame, portal with door installed on frontal side of housing, metal bed for stones arranged above furnace, starting pipe, flame arrester. Metal bed for stones has mass making 50 % of weight of whole bath furnace. Height of metal bed for stones extending above walls of bath furnace housing makes 40 % of height of whole bath furnace. Metal bed for stones has ledges in the form of truncated cones on its lower side to increase useful area of contact of furnace gases and acceleration of heating of metal bed for stones and projections in the form of truncated cones on its upper side to increase the area of contact with stones laid on metal bed for stones, acceleration and intensification of their heating and to increase surface for water evaporation and production of steam. Flame arrester is composed of two parts for possibility of its replacement through the door without dismantling the bath furnace itself.

EFFECT: technical result is increase of efficiency, increase of heat output and reliability of bath furnace, simplification of operation and maintenance of bath furnace.

9 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to solid fuel heating devices used for heating a steam room with the possibility of long-term generation of finely dispersed steam in steam rooms, as well as to a method for heating a bath furnace. Sauna stove is designed for both private and commercial use.

The vast majority of known bath stoves are designed so that steam is obtained from stones (or cast iron, ingots) indirectly heated by fire, i.e. stones, on which water is poured, are heated through a certain layer of metal.

The stones are either on the body of the bath stove, and heat up from it; or they are in a kind of “oven”, where fire passes along the outer walls of the oven (often called a “closed stove”). Such a transfer of thermal energy to stones is ineffective. Water that does not evaporate from the stones enters the body of the furnace or a closed heater, the walls of which usually do not have sufficient thickness (and, accordingly, heat capacity) to evaporate water into high-quality steam - a temperature of 350-450 ° C is necessary for good steam.

The best are considered bath stoves with direct heating of objects, for example, stoves "black", where the fire directly passes through stones or cast iron ingots. In this case, the stones are heated to the highest possible temperatures, since the transfer of thermal energy occurs directly. The disadvantage of such furnaces is that they are periodic, and soaking can begin only when the fire is completely extinguished. Stones or ingots produce steam through stored energy. If the stones are "flooded", i.e. they have cooled, you need to stop soaring, re-melt the furnace and heat the stones.

A stove is known from the prior art (RF patent for utility model No. 182654, IPC F24B 1/02, F24B 5/02, published August 27, 2018), comprising a housing, a firebox located inside the housing, an air vent installed inside the housing, and a grate located in the furnace with the possibility of placing solid fuel on it, a portal with a door mounted on the front side of the body through the extension of the portal, two metal boxes for stones (external and internal) placed above the furnace, a chimney. In this case, the external metal bed for stones has protrusions in the form of plate metal elements on its upper side to increase the area of contact with the stones laid on the metal bed for stones, to accelerate and intensify their heating, and to increase the surface for evaporation of water and steam.

A disadvantage of the known device is the design complexity of the bath furnace, insufficient reliability, and the inability to replace the flame arrester without dismantling the bath furnace.

A bath stove is known from the prior art (RF patent for utility model No. 63504, IPC F24B 9/00, published May 27, 2007), comprising a housing consisting of two side, front and rear vertical walls and a horizontal base with legs, a firebox located inside case, air vent installed inside the case, grate installed with the possibility of placing solid fuel on it and the formation of an ash chamber under it, a portal with a door mounted on the front side of the case, a metal bed for stones placed above the firebox oh, a chimney made with the possibility of smoke output from the furnace. In this case, the metal bed for stones has protrusions in the form of fins on its lower side to increase the useful contact area of the flue gases and accelerate the heating of the metal bed for stones.

A disadvantage of the known device is the low heat output of the bath furnace due to the absence of protrusions on the upper side of the metal bed for stones, as well as the inability to replace the flame arrester without dismantling the bath furnace.

Closest to the claimed technical solution for the device is a bath stove (RF patent for utility model No. 46561, IPC F24B 5/00, F24B 13/00, published July 10, 2005), comprising a housing consisting of two side, front and rear vertical walls and a horizontal base, a firebox located inside the housing, an air vent installed inside the housing, a grate, horizontally located in the furnace with the possibility of placing solid fuel on the grate and forming an ash chamber under it, a portal with a door is installed from the front of the case through the portal extension, a metal bed for stones placed above the furnace, a chimney made with the possibility of smoke exhaust from the furnace and passing through a metal bed for stones, a flame arrester installed under the outlet of the launch pipe and made with the possibility of blocking the exit of flue gases and ensuring their movement along the metal bed for stones. In this case, the outer side surface of the metal bed for stones, protruding above the walls of the body of the bath furnace, has vertical convection ribs (heat transfer elements). On the outside around the walls of the housing is a enclosure.

A disadvantage of the known device is the insufficient reliability of the bath furnace, as well as the inability to replace the flame arrester without dismantling the bath furnace.

Closest to the claimed technical solution according to the method is a method of heating a bath stove (patent RU 119073, IPC F24B 1/24, published 10.08.2012), which consists in the fact that the stones are placed on the outer surface of the metal bed for stones, the inner surface is heated with direct fire a metal bed for stones, feed water to the stones and generate steam by evaporating water from the stones.

The disadvantages of the method is to obtain coarse steam from the stones, the frequency of the bath furnace - you can not simultaneously heat and steam. If the whole mortgage is “flooded”, the temperature of the stones has fallen, then to continue steaming you need to re-melt the furnace, wait for the stones to heat, and continue bathing procedures again.

The technical result achieved using the device according to the invention is to increase the efficiency of the bath furnace, increase the heat output of the bath furnace, increase the reliability of the bath furnace, simplify the operation and maintenance of the bath furnace. The technical result achieved using the method according to the invention is to obtain finely divided velvet steam, as well as the possibility of continuous operation of the bath furnace.

The essence of the device according to the invention lies in the fact that the sauna stove contains a housing consisting of two side, front and rear vertical walls and a horizontal base with legs, a firebox located inside the housing, an air vent installed inside the housing, a grate installed on a grate frame and horizontally located in the furnace with the possibility of placing solid fuel on the grate and forming an ash chamber under it, a portal with a door mounted on the front of the case, metal a stone box for stones placed above the firebox and attached on top on the sides of the walls of the housing above the furnace, a starting pipe made with the possibility of attaching to the chimney and removing smoke from the furnace, passing through a metal bed for stones, a flame arrester installed under the outlet of the starting pipe and made with the possibility of blocking the exit of the flue gases and ensuring their movement along the metal bed for stones, while the metal bed for stones has a mass of 50% of the mass of the entire sauna furnace, the height of the metal whose stone bed, protruding above the walls of the sauna furnace body, is 40% of the height of the entire sauna furnace, the metal stone bed has a round hole for attaching the launch pipe, truncated cones on its underside to increase the useful contact area of the flue gases and accelerating the heating of the metal bed for stones, and protrusions in the form of truncated cones on its upper side to increase the area of contact with the stones laid on the metal bed for stones, accelerating and reinforcing and heating, and to increase the surface for evaporation of water and steam, and the outer side surface of the metal bed for stones, protruding above the walls of the casing of the sauna furnace, has vertical convection ribs, while the arrester is made of two parts for the possibility of its replacement through the door without dismantling the bathhouse itself, two side and rear walls of the body have convection ribs on the outer surface. The portal can be connected to the front wall of the housing through the extension of the portal or through at least two extension of the portal. On the outside, around the walls of the housing, a duct of cast iron with a window on top can be located to protect the housing from water and to load stones to produce steam. The door can be made of cast iron. A handle and a latch-hook can be attached to the door, and at the bottom of the door there is an adjustable valve for supplying air to the furnace.

The essence of the method according to the invention lies in the fact that the stones are laid on the outer surface of the metal stone bed - the upper part of the sauna furnace, which has a high mass for heat storage and is made of metal with high thermal conductivity, they heat the inner surface of the metal stone bed with direct fire, water is supplied on the stones and on the outer surface of the metal bed for stones and generate fine vapor by evaporating water from the metal bed for stones. At the same time, cast iron can be used as metal.

The technical result of the device is achieved due to the fact that:

- according to the invention, direct heating of the metal bed for stones having a high heat capacity is carried out, and water falling on this metal bed is converted into high-quality steam, while the stones play a secondary role, which ensures increased heat transfer of the bath furnace and, accordingly, an increase in the coefficient of useful the actions of the sauna stove,

- on the lower side of the metal bed for stones are evenly spaced protrusions to increase the usable contact area of the flue gases and to accelerate the heating of the metal bed for stones and, accordingly, increase the efficiency and heat output of the sauna furnace,

- on the upper side of the metal bed for stones there are evenly spaced protrusions to increase the area of contact with the stones laid on the metal bed for stones, as well as to increase the surface for evaporation of water and steam, and, accordingly, increase the efficiency and heat output of the sauna stove,

- the metal bed for stones has an increased mass (namely, the metal bed has a mass of 50% of the mass of the entire bath furnace), which provides an increase in the steam generating ability and an increase in the heat output of the bath furnace,

- under the outlet of the chimney there is a flame arrester, which increases the length of the flame in the furnace, forcing it to make a revolution, to increase the efficiency of the sauna stove,

- two side and rear walls of the housing have convection ribs on the outer surface, providing increased heat transfer to the walls of the housing and, accordingly, increasing the efficiency of the bath furnace,

- the overall dimensions of the sauna furnace along the height of the side walls are reduced, providing increased reliability of the sauna furnace,

- the flame arrester is made of two parts for the possibility of its replacement through the furnace door of the bath furnace and for cleaning pipes without dismantling the furnace itself, providing convenience and simplification of operation and maintenance of the bath furnace.

The technical result of the method is achieved due to the fact that:

- receive finely dispersed steam ("velvet", "soft"), formed when water gets on the surface of a metal bed for stones,

- The sauna stove is a continuous oven. The invention is illustrated by the following drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of the sauna stove, where: 1 - base with legs, 2 - side walls, 3 - front wall, 4 - rear wall, 5 - metal bed for stones, 10 - starting pipe, 12 - portal extension, 13 - portal , 14 - door assembly.

In FIG. 2 shows an explosion diagram of a sauna stove, where: 1 - base with legs, 2 - side walls, 3 - front wall, 4 - rear wall, 5 - metal bed for stones, 6 - grate frame, 7 - grate frame, 8 - air vent, 9 - the first part of the flame arrester, 10 - the starting pipe, 11 - the duct, 12 - the extension cord of the portal, 13 - the portal, 14 - the door assembly, 15 - the second part of the arrester, 16 - the protrusions on the underside of the metal stone bed, 17 - protrusions on the upper side of the metal bed for stones.

In FIG. 3 shows a sauna oven in a longitudinal section, where: 1 - the base with legs, 3 - the front wall, 4 - the rear wall, 5 - the metal bed for stones, 6 - the grate frame, 7 - the grate frame, 8 - the air vent, 9 - the first part of the flame arrester, 10 - starting pipe, 12 - extension of the portal, 13 - portal, 14 - door assembly, 15 - the second part of the arrester, 16 - protrusions on the lower side of the metal bed for stones, 17 - protrusions on the upper side of the metal bed for stones .

In FIG. 4 shows a sauna stove (top view), where: 2 - side walls, 3 - front wall, 4 - rear wall, 5 - metal bed for stones, 10 - starting pipe, 12 - portal extension, 13 - portal, 14 - door assembly, 17 - protrusions on the upper side of a metal bed for stones.

In FIG. 5 shows a sauna oven in cross section, where: 1 - a base with legs, 2 - side walls, 5 - a metal bed for stones, 6 - a grate frame, 7 - a grate, 15 - the second part of the arrester, 16 - protrusions on the lower side a metal bed for stones, 17 - protrusions on the upper side of a metal bed for stones.

Sauna stove belongs to convection-type heating devices and runs on solid fuel - wood.

Sauna furnace contains a housing consisting of two side 2, front 3 and rear 4 vertical walls and a horizontal base 1 with legs, a furnace, an air vent 8, a grate 7 mounted on a grate 6, a portal 13 with a door 14, an extension of the portal 12, a metal bed for stones 5, two parts of a flame arrester 9, 15.

A furnace, an air vent 8, a grate 7, a grate 6 and two parts of the flame arrester 9, 15 are located inside the body of the bathhouse. Two lateral 2 and rear 4 walls of the housing have convection ribs on the outer surface.

The grate 7 is horizontally located in the furnace with the possibility of placing solid fuel on it and the formation of an ash chamber under it.

Portal 13 with door 14 installed on the front side of the housing. The portal 13 can be connected to the front 3 wall of the housing through the extension of the portal 12 or through at least two extension of the portal 12.

A metal bed for stones 5 ("heater") is placed above the firebox and has a round hole for installing and attaching the starting pipe 10. A metal bed for stones 5 is attached on top of the sides of the walls of the body, resting on a groove located on the inside.

The side walls of the sauna stove, on the one hand in contact with the flame, and the outside heated air in the room, are the "weakest" place. Such a flat part, such as a side wall, experiences the greatest thermal stresses, since the ratio of the area of the part to its thickness is the largest. A feature of the bathhouse is a metal bed for stones 5 of complex shape - the side walls of the metal bed actually continue the side walls of the bathhouse itself. This allows us to reduce the overall dimensions of the height of the side walls of the sauna furnace, which increases the reliability of the furnace for commercial use: the height of the metal bed for stones 5, which protrudes above the walls of the housing of the sauna furnace, is 40% of the height of the entire sauna furnace (in standard models of sauna furnaces the side wall is 100% of the height of the body of the sauna stove).

The outer side surface of the metal bed for stones 5 (heated by a flame from the inside), protruding above the walls 2, 3, 4 of the body of the bath furnace, has vertical convection ribs. These ribs provide heating of the air in the steam room, compensating for the relative reduced height of the walls of the body of the sauna furnace.

The metal bed for stones 5 has a very large mass - namely, a mass of 50% of the mass of the entire bath furnace for increased heat capacity.

In this case, the metal bed for stones 5 has a recess in the center, forming a niche for stones, heated by a flame from all sides. In this niche, on the upper side of the metal bed for stones 5, there are evenly spaced vertical protrusions 17 in the form of truncated cones. Thus, the stones in the niche are heated not only from 5 sides, but the entire mortgage is “penetrated” by the heating protrusions 17.

In addition, the metal bed for stones 5 has evenly spaced vertical protrusions 16 in the form of truncated cones on its lower side.

The protrusions 16 on the underside of the metal bed for stones 5 accelerate its heating. The protrusions 17 on the upper side of the metal bed for stones 5 accelerate and enhance the heating of stones located inside the metal bed.

Starting pipe 10 is made with the possibility of attachment to the chimney and the removal of smoke from the furnace. Starting pipe 10 passes through a metal bed for stones 5.

The flame arrester is installed under the outlet of the launch pipe 10 and is configured to block the exit of flue gases and ensure their movement along the metal bed for stones 5. The flame arrester is made of two parts 9, 15 so that it can be replaced through door 14 without dismantling the bathhouse itself.

The door 14 may be made of cast iron. A handle and a latch-hook can be attached to the door 14, and an adjustable valve for supplying air to the furnace is located in the lower part of the door.

On the outside around the walls of the housing, on top of the metal bed for stones 5, a box 11 can be located. The box 11 can be made of cast iron. Box 11 increases the temperature of the mortgage of stones to obtain better steam, and also protects the body of the sauna stove from water. The supply and loading of stones is carried out in the box box 11, located on top.

All metal parts of the sauna stove can be made of cast iron, with the exception of hardware.

Sauna stove operates as follows.

Stones specially designed for this are laid in the metal box 5. In particular, stones made of jadeite, gabbrodiabase, raspberry quartzite, peridotite, talchochlorite can be used. Also, stones are laid in box 11, if used. Stones in the box 11 are laid through a window located on top of the box 11.

Through the door 14 into the firebox on the grate 7 lay solid fuel - firewood and set fire. The combustion products of the fuel are sent to the rear wall 4 of the housing. The output for the flame upward is blocked by two parts of the flame arrester 9, 15. Moving from the rear wall 4 of the housing to the exit to the chimney through the starting pipe 10, the flame interacts with the metal bed for stones 5, passing under the bottom of the metal bed between the protrusions 16, heating each protrusion 16 with all sides.

The air flow entering the furnace through an open adjustable valve in the lower part of the door 14 is divided into several independent flows:

- the flow into the ash chamber, located under the grate 7, through the slots of the grate 7 enters the furnace to provide basic combustion,

- the air stream for cleaning refractory glass on the door 14, passing along the glass, blows it, preventing contamination from combustion products and ensuring its purity from soot,

- the stream entering through the air vent 8 to the upper part of the furnace, providing afterburning of combustion products and the maximum temperature under the metal bed for stones 5.

Steam air is heated by convection due to air contact with the surface of the body of the bath furnace. Convection ribs located on the side 2 and rear 4 walls on the outer surface of the housing provide a large area of the radiating surface, allowing more efficient heat removal from the furnace and to heat the air in the steam room.

To obtain steam, water is supplied to the metal bed 5 of the furnace, which is the main evaporator. The thickness and mass of the metal bed 5 provides the necessary heat capacity and allows direct contact with water so that when water does not lose temperature and continue to evaporate a significant amount of water into high-quality steam. Metal bed 5 for stones is heated directly by fire. At the same time, you can simultaneously heat the furnace and get steam. The stones play a secondary role - they break the water into streams, allow you to keep splashes of water that fell on the hot metal bed 5. The stones also heat up and give steam, but when water gets in, the surface of the stones cools quickly and water spills down to the bottom of the metal bed, there it evaporates from the very surface of the metal bed.

To increase the area of heat removal and more efficient heating, the metal bed 5 is equipped with projections 16, directed down the furnace. The protrusions 16 can further increase the area of contact of the metal with fire.

To increase the surface for evaporation of water, the metal bed 5 is equipped with projections 17 directed upwards. For high-quality steam, a surface temperature for evaporation of at least 400 ° C is needed. Also, the protrusions 17 make it possible to better heat the stones laid on the metal bed 5 - namely, to accelerate and intensify their heating due to the fact that the protrusions 17 "penetrate" the mass of stacked stones. Due to this design, the metal bed 5 quickly restores the high temperature after water is dispensed for the next portion of steam.

The metal bed for stones 5 has a significant mass, which leads to increased heat capacity.

Next, hot flue gases enter the starting pipe 10, and through it into the chimney.

A feature of the proposed method of heating the bath furnace is that the role of the steam generator is performed by the upper part of the bath furnace - a metal bed for stones (and not stones, as in the known bath furnaces). The inner surface of this part is heated by direct contact with fire. Gaining the highest possible temperature. It has a high mass for heat storage. It is made of metal (in particular, cast iron), which gives high thermal conductivity, the temperature from the flame is quickly transferred to the outer surface of the part, to which water is supplied for evaporation. Stones are placed on top of the outer surface of the metal stone bed: to reduce heat loss on the surface of the metal stone bed, to distribute water on its surface, to eliminate the Leidenfrost effect and to spray water drops upon contact with the surface of the metal stone bed.

Water is supplied to the stones and to the outer surface of the metal stone bed; fine steam is generated by evaporation of water from the metal stone bed.

The temperature of the stones does not matter - even if the stones are not heated enough to produce finely dispersed steam, the water will slide down from them, onto the metal bed for the stones, from where vaporization will occur.

The entire design of the sauna stove is designed to heat a metal bed for stones: supplying air to the upper part of the metal bed for stones to increase the combustion temperature, increasing the area of contact with fire by equipping the bottom of the metal bed for stones with conical protrusions.

The sauna stove is a continuous furnace; water can be supplied to generate finely dispersed steam while burning in the furnace. This allows you to quickly restore the temperature when it drops from the water supply. The mass of the metal bed for stones is enough for one-time evaporation of the inputs to the volume of the steam room, for which the model of the sauna stove is designed.

Thus, the invention provides:

- increase the efficiency and heat production of the sauna furnace due to the protrusions located on the lower and upper sides of the metal bed for stones,

- increasing the steam generating ability and increasing the heat output of the bath furnace due to the increased mass of the metal bed for stones (namely, the metal bed has a mass of 50% of the mass of the entire bath furnace),

- increase the efficiency of the sauna stove due to the flame arrester located under the outlet of the chimney, increasing the length of the flame in the furnace,

- increase the efficiency of the bath furnace due to convection ribs located on two side and rear walls of the housing,

- improving the reliability of the bath furnace by reducing the overall dimensions of the bath furnace along the height of the side walls,

- convenience and simplification of operation and maintenance of the sauna furnace due to the implementation of a flame arrester in two parts,

- receiving fine velvet steam,

- the possibility of continuous operation of the sauna stove.

The applicant made a prototype device, which fully confirmed the claimed benefits, and therefore the invention can be successfully applied in the industrial production of bath furnaces.

Claims (9)

1. Sauna furnace, comprising a casing consisting of two side, front and rear vertical walls and a horizontal base with legs, a firebox located inside the casing, an air vent installed inside the casing, a grate installed on a grate frame and horizontally located in the firebox with the possibility of placing solid fuel on the grate and forming an ash chamber under it, a portal with a door mounted on the front of the case, a metal bed for stones placed above the firebox and captured from above on the sides of the walls of the housing above the furnace, a starting pipe made with the possibility of attaching to the chimney and removing smoke from the furnace, passing through a metal bed for stones, a flame arrester installed under the outlet of the starting pipe and made with the possibility of blocking the exit of flue gases and ensuring their movement along the metal bed for stones, while the metal bed for stones has a mass of 50% of the mass of the entire bath furnace, the height of the metal bed for stones, protruding above the walls of the casing the bath furnace, makes up 40% of the height of the entire bath furnace, the metal bed for stones has a round hole for attaching the launch tube, truncated cones on its underside to increase the useful contact area of the flue gases and accelerate the heating of the metal bed for stones and ledges in in the form of truncated cones on its upper side to increase the area of contact with stones laid on a metal bed for stones, to accelerate and intensify their heating, and to increase the surface for evaporation in steam and steam, and the outer side surface of the metal bed for stones, protruding above the walls of the housing of the bath furnace, has vertical convection ribs, while the flame arrester is made of two parts to allow it to be replaced through the door without dismantling the bath furnace itself, two side and rear the walls of the body have convection ribs on the outer surface. 2. The furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the portal is connected to the front wall of the housing through the extension of the portal. 3. The furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the portal is connected to the front wall of the housing through at least two portal extensions. 4. The furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that on the outside around the walls of the housing there is a duct made of cast iron with a window on top to protect the housing from water and to load stones to produce steam. 5. The furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the door is made of cast iron. 6. The furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that a handle and a latch hook are attached to the door. 7. The furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that in the lower part of the door there is an adjustable valve for supplying air to the furnace. 8. The method of heating the bath furnace according to claim 1, which consists in laying stones on the outer surface of a metal bed for stones - the upper part of the bath furnace, which has a high mass for heat storage and is made of metal with high thermal conductivity, heat the inner surface with direct fire metal bed for stones, water is supplied to the stones and to the outer surface of the metal bed for stones and fine particles are generated by evaporation of water from the metal bed for stones. 9. The method according to p. 8, characterized in that the metal used is cast iron.

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