RU2716365C1 - Method for making plastic phantom models of jaws with staging of standard artificial teeth - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medicine, namely to dentistry, and can be used for educational purposes, for training students on plastic models corresponding to real sizes of teeth and jaws of human, and students' acquisition of practical skills. Impressions are taken from upper and lower jaws of a person with real defects of teeth and dentures. Upper and lower jaw simulators are fabricated in two stages. At the first stage, the produced impression is made with notches along the whole circumference at 0.5 mm edges; a wax bundle is laid in the notches; boards are soldered in which molten wax is poured. Base of wax pattern of lower jaw is modeled. Models are fixed in an occluder. Wax teeth are replaced with artificial teeth. At second step wax is replaced by plastic.

EFFECT: invention is aimed at expansion of educational process capabilities and bringing it closer to real situations in dental practice, including rare and complicated cases.

1 cl, 32 dwg

Description

The invention is intended for use in educational purposes, for training students of dental faculties on plastic models corresponding to the actual size of the teeth and jaws of a person and the acquisition by students of practical skills.

There are many models of jaw simulators known for use in phantom training.

At the same time, imported ones are usually expensive. A common drawback of all known imitators of the jaw is their difference in size from the natural ones found in ordinary dental practice. When training future doctors, practical experience on real cases of dental practice is of great importance.

Known dental phantom (patent No. 2349966, application No. 2007145652, publication date 03/20/2009, IPC class G09B 23/28). The phantom contains imitators of the upper and lower jaws with segments with a hard basis, having a base and alveolar processes, natural teeth after extraction, fixed by roots in the basis, artificial gum from an elastomer, elements of fastening segments to imitators. On the outside of the rigid base, at least one groove is made with dimensions that expose the tops of the tooth roots at a height of 2-3 mm and a length that provides access to at least the roots of two teeth, and the groove is closed without a gap by a removable element of elastoplastic material so that the aforementioned root tops are embedded in his body, and the outer surface of the removable element repeats the inner surface of the artificial gum.

A disadvantage of the known technical solution is the limited ability to manipulate situations with students; the impossibility of varying situations with various defects in the dentition.

The technical result of the invention is the expansion of the educational process and its rapprochement with real situations in dental practice, including rare and complex cases.

A method is proposed for manufacturing plastic phantom models of jaws with staging standard artificial teeth, including the removal of anatomical impressions from the jaws of a person, the manufacture of plastic imitators of the upper and lower jaws.

The difference is that prints from the upper and lower jaws of a person are removed with real defects in the teeth and dentitions, and the manufacture of imitators of the upper and lower jaws is carried out in two stages. At the first stage, the impression is made along the entire circumference of the impression, retreating along the edges of 0.5 mm, a tourniquet of wax is laid in the notches, the sides into which molten wax is poured are soldered, the base of the wax model is modeled, the models are fixed in the occluder, the wax teeth are replaced with artificial; in the second stage, the wax is replaced with plastic.

The invention is shown in:

FIG. 1 - a print from the upper jaw.

FIG. 2 - notches along the entire surface of the imprint of the upper jaw.

FIG. 3 - installation of wax tow into notches.

FIG. 4 - the imprint of the upper jaw is filled with wax.

FIG. 5 - wax model of the upper jaw.

FIG. 6 - impression from the lower jaw.

FIG. 7 - notches along the entire surface of the imprint of the lower jaw.

FIG. 8 - installation in the notches of a bundle of wax in the imprint of the lower jaw.

FIG. 9 - the sides of the future model are soldered to a bundle of wax.

FIG. 10 - the impression to the sides is filled with wax.

FIG. 11 - wax model of the lower jaw with a partial base.

FIG. 12 - wax model of the lower jaw with a base.

FIG. 13 - wax models of the upper and lower jaws.

FIG. 14 are composed wax models.

FIG. 15-17 - wax models are fixed in the occluder (left, right, front view).

FIG. 18-20 - on the wax model of the upper jaw, the wax teeth are replaced with plastic ones from the headset of teeth (left, right, front view).

FIG. 21-23 - on wax models of the upper and lower jaws, wax teeth are replaced by plastic from the headset of teeth (left, right, front view).

FIG. 24-26 - wax models are separated from the occluder (left, right, front view).

FIG. 27 is a wax model of the upper jaw with plastic teeth.

FIG. 28 is a wax model of the lower jaw with plastic teeth.

FIG. 29-31 - wax models are replaced with plastic (left, right, front view).

FIG. 32 - creation of a dentition defect in the upper jaw (fourth Kennedy class).

The method is as follows. At the first stage, a complete anatomical impression is taken from the upper jaw with real defects of the dentition.

Before the model is cast, notches are made around the entire circumference of the print, 0.5 mm indent along the edge of the print.

A wax bundle is installed in the notches along the entire outer surface of the print or the print is edged with special material.

With a heated spatula, the sides of the future model are soldered to the wax harness. The sides are made of base wax. The sides of the base wax exactly match the boundaries of the future model. And since the model is cast from wax, the sides will prevent wax from spreading.

Heated wax fills the entire space to the side throughout the boundaries of the future model, subject to the temperature regime (so that the wax sides do not melt). Thus, a wax model is obtained.

The same thing is done with the imprint on the lower jaw:

- notches are made around the entire circumference of the print, offsetting 0.5 mm along the edge of the print;

- a tourniquet of wax is installed in the notches along the entire outer surface of the print or the print is edged with special material;

- the sides of the future model are soldered to the wax bundle using a heated spatula; the sides on the lower jaw will be truncated;

- heated space fills the entire space to the side throughout the boundaries of the future model, in compliance with the temperature regime;

- the base of the wax model of the lower jaw is homemade. Wax patterns are made together to verify accuracy

making wax models, then the models are fixed in the occluder. Since the models are wax, the fixation is carried out using wax, for example basic wax.

After the wax models are fixed in the occluder, in models each wax tooth is replaced with an artificial one. The teeth are taken standard. Teeth can be acrylic, ivacryl, ceramic, porcelain, close to the hardness of natural teeth.

The next step is to replace the wax with base plastic. The connection of the teeth with the base plastic is strong.

Perhaps, if necessary, the creation of various options for defects in the dentition according to Kennedy.

Plastic models allow you to practice the clinical stages of the manufacture of orthopedic structures.

On plastic models, students can dissect artificial teeth for various types of artificial crowns, under bridges, inlays, and pin designs.

On artificial teeth, the formation of carious cavities of all classes according to Black's classification is possible.

It is very important that plastic models allow you to create various clinical situations, thereby teaching students the diagnosis, planning of orthopedic treatment, the development of clinical thinking.

Plastic models serve as phantoms that are close to real conditions, which helps students develop practical skills, reduces the percentage of students' errors when working with patients.

The signs of the claims are in causal connection with the claimed technical result and are significant.

Claims (1)

A method of manufacturing plastic phantom models of the jaws, including the removal of anatomical impressions from the jaws of a person, the manufacture of imitators of the upper and lower jaws, characterized in that the impressions from the upper and lower jaws of a person are removed with real defects in the teeth and dentitions, and the manufacture of imitators of the upper and lower jaws is carried out in two stages, at the first stage in the resulting impression, notches are made around the entire circumference, retreating along the edges of 0.5 mm, a tourniquet of wax is laid in the notches, the sides are soldered into which they are poured asplavlenny wax, wax domodeliruyut plinth lower jaw model is fixed in occluder, wax teeth replaced with artificial teeth; in the second stage, the wax is replaced with plastic.

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