RU180218U1 - Phantom endodontic - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to dentistry, designed to develop practical skills in the preparation of tooth roots. The model is made of plastic by 3D printing. The model includes imitation of alveolar bone, hard palate, hard tooth tissues, pulp chambers of teeth, root canals and root apexes. It is possible to produce both jaws with a full set of teeth, and any fragment of the jaw with a certain group of teeth, for example, premolars, molars. The model resembles tooth topography not only externally, but also internally. Provides the ability to open pulp chambers, pass the root canal, carry out treatment, fill the tooth. It has a small cost, is available for manufacture in an amount that provides individual training for each student, intern, or other student.

Description

The utility model relates to dentistry, designed to develop practical skills in the preparation of teeth.

The success of endodontic treatment depends on the thoroughness of the root canal treatment and the reliability of its obstruction, which requires mastering the honed manual manipulation skills on a limited surgical field.

To date, a sufficient number of phantoms with imitators of jaws and teeth have been developed for practicing practical skills, from the most primitive, solid casts made of gypsum to the most modern ones equipped with electronic feedback systems, for example, “CDS - 100”. A limitation in the use of primitive phantoms is a significant discrepancy between the internal structure of the tooth phantom and the real topographic anatomical structure; modern 3D phantoms are expensive and often not available for educational institutions and small clinics.

Known dental phantom (patent No. RU 2349966, publ. 20.03.2009), which contains imitators of the upper and lower jaw with segments with a hard basis, having a base and alveolar processes, natural teeth after extraction, fixed by the roots in the basis, artificial gum from an elastomer, elements for fastening segments to simulators. The disadvantage of the device is that it does not allow to develop the skills of preparation of the root canals, to evaluate the quality of such preparation. The device is difficult to manufacture, contains a large number of elements from dissimilar materials.

Known dental phantom transformer (patent No. RU 115648, publ. 05/10/2012). A distinctive feature of the device is that it has an alveolar ridge made of thermoplastic material into which artificial teeth are inserted with the possibility of subsequent variational transformation of their shape and position to create anatomical occlusal ratios corresponding to the norm during treatment.

For training, a dummy model with a rubber gum and teeth with root canals is applicable (found on the Internet http://germesrf.com/catalog/simulyatsionnye - tekhnologii / Stomatologija / 944, manufacturer DentalStore, Italy). The phantom has teeth with screw fixation, covered with red wax for the implementation of both medical and endodontic practices. Models are installed in the articulator using stands - adapters. The model has a high cost, not available for practicing the practical skills of a large number of students.

Known endodontic simulator (application RU No. 2008101686, published July 20, 2009). The device is a transparent block of plastic with imitation of root canals. It is made of two sheets of transparent plastic glued together to leave pins in the form of root canals in the groove. The disadvantages of such devices include the mismatch of the shape of the endodontic block with the anatomical shape of the tooth, namely there is no crown part, pulp chamber, the canal is curved only in the apical part, the form of the canals does not belong to different groups of teeth.

The transparency of the block forms the wrong skills for the specialist: control with the help of tactile sensations is lost, emphasis is placed on visual control.

EFFECT: improved quality of working out manual skills of dentists at the preclinical stage of training; the possibility of filling with subsequent filling of the root canal; the ability to control the quality of the manipulation, low cost and ease of manufacture.

The model was made by printing on a 3D printer using plastic from Russian manufacturers.

The model includes imitation of the alveolar bone (1); hard palate (2); hard tissues of teeth (3); pulp chambers of teeth (4); root canals (5); gums (6); tubercles of teeth (7); fissure of teeth (8); root apexes (9). It is possible to manufacture both both jaws with a full set of teeth, and any fragment of the jaw with a certain group of teeth, for example, premolars, molars.

The model is made as follows. An endodontic phantom is printed on a 3D printer using a computer program developed by the authors. The phantom has 16 non-removable teeth, in 14 of which closed pulp chambers (4), anatomical root canals (5), root apexes (9) are created. The surface imitating hard tooth tissues (3) has tubercles (7) and fissures (8). The teeth are “immersed” in the gum (6), located above the alveolar bone (1), the transition of the gum (6) to the hard palate is anatomically correct (2).

In order to achieve similar anatomical features and to obtain during the training by the dentist sensations similar to those in the treatment of human teeth, 3D printing using two extruders was used. The walls of the root canals (5) and the phantom region imitating the gums (6) are made of red plastic with a low density, comparable to the density of human gum tissue. The remaining elements of the phantom are printed with ABS plastic in white color having a high density comparable to the density of hard tooth tissues (3).

This allows you to get the most close to reality model of the endodontic phantom, as well as to achieve a clear understanding, in the form of tactile sensations, localization of root canals (5). When the root canals (5) pass through the endodontic instruments, a red color chip is obtained, which allows the teacher and the student himself to control the degree of cutting of the root wall of the tooth affected by the endodontic instrument (5).

Thus, the developed phantom has the greatest, in comparison with similar gypsum models, similarities with the topography of the teeth, not only externally, but also internally. The model allows you to open the pulp chambers (4), pass the root canal (5), carry out treatment, fill the tooth. The model has a low cost, it is available for manufacture in a volume that provides individual training for each student, intern, or other student.

Description to the figures.

FIG. 1. Digital phantom model, pulp chambers and root canals of each tooth are visible.

1 - Alveolar bone

3 - Hard tooth tissue

4 - Pulp chamber

5 - Root canal

FIG. 2. Sagittal section of the phantom.

1 - Alveolar bone

2 - Solid sky

3 - Hard tooth tissue

4 - Pulp chamber

5 - Root canal

9 - Root Apex

FIG. 3. Made of plastic on a 3D printer with a phantom of the lower jaw.

3 - Hard tooth tissue

4 - Pulp chamber

5 - Root canal

6 - Desna

7 - Tooth tubercles

8 - Fissures of the tooth

9 - Root Apex

FIG. 4. Work with endodontic phantoms: A - known device; B - the proposed device. Pulp chambers are opened, endodontic instruments are installed.

Claims (3)

1. An endodontic phantom that imitates the upper or lower jaw, in particular the alveolar bone, gums, teeth, characterized in that it is made as a single structure using 3D printing, has an imitation of pulp chambers, root canals, root apexes using plastic of at least two colors and various densities comparable to those of hard tooth and gum tissue. 2. The phantom according to claim 1, characterized in that the imitation of the wall of the root canals and the area that imitates the gums is made of red plastic with a density comparable to the density of the tissue of the gums of a person. 3. The phantom according to claim 1, characterized in that the surfaces imitating hard tooth tissues and alveolar bone are made of white plastic having a density comparable to the density of hard tissues of a human tooth.

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