RU2716001C1 - Method of treating acute keratoconjunctivitis of calves in field conditions - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ecology.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to veterinary science and concerns treating the affected calves with acute keratoconjunctivitis of one or both eyes of different aetiology, wherein animals suffering from various stages of the disease. Method of treating acute keratoconjunctivitis of calves in field conditions involves administering drugs, characterized in that a group of sick animals is pre-formed, after which all the calves are treated with a lower eyelid with 5 % alcohol tincture of iodine and topographically below the eyeball, palpably marking the needle prick-in point, at the boundary of the ventral edge of the eye and soft eye tissues, the needle is inserted into the marked point and is directed towards the opposite angle of the lower jaw, describing semicircle behind eyeball, is brought to the optic nerve papilla until it stops in the bone tissue of the eye socket, at depth of 5–7 cm, followed by monitoring for absence of damage to the protein coat of the eye and preservation of eye movement, then a syringe is attached to needle and 10 ml of 0.5 % novocaine is introduced into the retrobulbar space, additionally one-time subcutaneous injection of Mixoferon in the amount of one dose.

EFFECT: restoration of vision and complete cure of acute keratoconjunctivitis of calves of any severity and at any stage of development for 5–7 days.

1 cl, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of veterinary medicine and for the treatment of calves affected by acute keratoconjunctivitis of one or both eyes of various etiologies, and animals suffering from various stages of the disease.

Keratoconjunctivitis is a rapidly spreading, benign disease of animals of various species caused by rickettsia-like microorganisms - Chlamydo-zoon cojunctivae. Keratoconjunctivitis in animals is caused by rickettsia, which are genetically close to trachomatous bodies, which cause severe eye disease in humans. The causative agent of ruminant keratoconjunctivitis is a polymorphic microorganism that is more often found in the form of round or elliptical grains or coccobacteria smaller than 1 micron in size. In a healthy conjunctiva of ruminants, non-pathogenic elementary bodies are sometimes found. They are larger, with irregular contours. They are usually much smaller than pathogenic rickettsia. Some authors attach importance to the etiology of keratoconjunctivitis Maroxella bovis, staphylococci, diplococci, as well as pathogens of leptospirosis and brucellosis. Usually keratoconjunctivitis affects young animals 3-6 months of age.

The incubation period lasts 10-12 days. When the conjunctiva is damaged, outflows appear from the diseased eye, the eyelids swell, and there is a strong photophobia. Fine granularity is visible on the surface of the edematous mucosa. The inflammatory process can spread to the cornea, causing keratitis, and sometimes ulceration of it. Often the disease is complicated by a second microflora, as a result of which the animal can permanently lose sight.

Currently, the treatment of acute calf keratoconjunctivitis is reduced exclusively to the prevention of complications by application of antimicrobial eye ointments. However, it should be borne in mind that the disease itself usually lasts 12-14 days, and the use of ointments during this period of time is very laborious.

Moreover, in beef cattle breeding, animals are semi-wild, and in order to beat off several individuals, it is necessary to drive the entire edge through a split. And this is difficult to implement in the field, because additional costs are required and the entire herd population loses fodder days (the number of fodder days is equal to the frequency of repeating the procedures). Therefore, acute keratoconjunctivitis, as a rule, is not treated in a timely manner, which subsequently leads to significant economic losses.

In connection with the foregoing, in cattle breeding the need has long been ripe for developing an effective method for the treatment of acute calf keratoconjunctivitis in the field.

The technical result is the restoration of vision and the complete cure of acute keratoconjunctivitis of calves of any severity and at any stage of development for 5-7 days.

The technical result is achieved by a method of treating acute calf keratoconjunctivitis in the field, including the introduction of drugs, characterized in that they pre-form a group of sick animals, after which all calves are treated with 5% alcohol tincture of iodine and a needle point is marked palparically below the eyeball, at the border of the ventral edge of the eye socket and soft tissues of the eye, a needle is inserted into the intended point and leads towards the opposite corner of the lower jaw, describing the floor circle after the eyeball, bring it to the papilla of the optic nerve until it stops in the bone tissue of the eye socket, to a depth of 5-7 cm, after which they check for damage to the protein coat of the eye and the movement of the eye, then attach a syringe to the needle and insert it into the retrobulbar a space of 10 ml of a 0.5% solution of novocaine, an additional single dose is given subcutaneous injection of mixoferon in the amount of one dose.

Novocainic blockade refers to pathogenetic therapy based on the use of nonspecific agents, in particular, novocaine solution, for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory processes of various organs and tissues of animals. Novocaine is a substance with a very wide range of effects. It has neurotropic, anti-inflammatory and antiparabiotic effects. Acting through neuro-reflex mechanisms, novocaine reduces the increased, under the influence of the inflammatory process, capillary permeability, increases the lysozyme and bactericidal activity of blood serum and lymph, the phagocytic activity of leukocytes and the immunobiological reactivity of animals.

Due to the pathogenetic effect of novocaine on the retrobulbar space while preventing the pathological impulses from reaching the central nervous system from the orbit, a persistent therapeutic effect is manifested.

Mixoferon has an antiviral and immunomodulatory effect. Suppresses the reproduction of DNA and RNA-containing viruses, inhibiting the expression of viral genes. The immunomodulatory effect of interferon includes an effect on the cellular parts of the immune system: it stimulates the lytic activity of lymphocytes, specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and macrophages, affects the formation of specific antibodies by B-lymphocytes, regulates the expression of KLA antigens on cell membranes and stimulates the production of native interferon alpha.

An example of a specific implementation.

A scientific and production test of the proposed method of treatment was carried out in the summer months on the basis of LLC Stepnoye Farmstead LLC of the Gorodishchensky district of the Volgograd region on calves (4-7 months) of Kalmyk breed with acute keratoconjunctivitis of one or both eyes of varying severity. The diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical signs and the general enzootic situation of the economy.

The effectiveness of treatment was evaluated by the duration of the course and outcome. diseases. In this regard, all animals were divided into two conditional groups: experimental (OG) and control (KG). The calves of the control group (n = 10) were given an application of ocular oxytetracycline ointment directly to the conjunctiva of the affected eye with an interval of once every two days; calves of the experimental group (n = 10) were treated by the claimed method, i.e. retrobulbar block + injection of mixoferon once. The dynamics of the course of the disease in both groups is shown in the table.

As can be seen from the table, after a single retrobulbar novocaine blockade with mixoferon injection, symptoms of acute keratoconjunctivitis disappeared after 5-7 days in the entire population of experimental animals. In the control group, the effectiveness of treatment (application of oxytetracycline ointment) was only 70%. In three calves, the disease was complicated by corneal ulceration.

Thus, the claimed method provides the restoration of vision and the complete cure of acute keratoconjunctivitis of calves of any severity and at any stage of development for 5-7 days in the field.

Claims (1)

A method of treating acute calf keratoconjunctivitis in the field, including the introduction of drugs, characterized in that they pre-form a group of sick animals, after which all calves are treated with the lower eyelid with 5% iodine tincture and a needle point at the border is marked topographically below the eyeball at the border the ventral edge of the eye socket and soft tissues of the eye insert the needle into the intended point and lead towards the opposite corner of the lower jaw, describing the semicircle behind the eyeball, bring it down the optic nerve papilla all the way into the bone tissue of the orbit, to a depth of 5-7 cm, after which a check is made for the absence of damage to the protein coat of the eye and the movement of the eye, then a syringe is attached to the needle and 10 ml of a 0.5% solution is introduced into the retrobulbar space novocaine, an additional one-time subcutaneous injection of mixoferon in the amount of one dose.