RU2713844C1 - Method of building up an inoperative side of deep open pit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the mining industry and is created with reference to conditions for development of deep kimberlite pits in extreme conditions of cryolite zone of the North. Proposed method comprises forming board with horizontal, inclined and inclined safety benches. At the same time, the board beating is carried out with the construction of the steeply inclined safety berms over the entire perimeter of the bead edge over the spiral congress, wherein at the end of each berm there are working sites for accumulation and subsequent shipment to the surface of collected crumbled rock, for which a half-trench is further constructed, which connects the working platform and the spiral ramp.

EFFECT: ensuring safety of mining operations in the process of development of a deep open pit and reduction of volumes of removed overburden rocks from its outline due to increase of a slope angle of an inoperative side.

1 cl, 1 tbl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and is created in relation to the conditions for the development of deep kimberlite quarries in extreme conditions of the permafrost zone of the North.

There is a method of detuning a non-working side of a quarry with horizontal safety berms left to ensure sufficient side stability at least every three ledges (see Tomakov P.I., Naumov I.K. Technology, mechanization and organization of open cast mining: Textbook for universities .- 3rd ed. Revised. - M .: Publishing house of the Moscow Mining Institute, 1992. - 464 p., S. 32-34).

A disadvantage of the known solution is the significant volume of overburden production in the quarry mining circuit.

There is also a method of detuning an outboard side of a quarry with inclined safety berm (see Galkin A.M., Galkin V.A., Popov V.N. Experience in the design and construction of quarries with inclined safety berm. - M.: Overview, series: Mining, 1977 .-- 37 p.).

The known method is also characterized by significant volumes of mining operations to open the horizons of the quarry and low productivity of mining equipment when working on inclined steps.

Closest to the invention in technical essence is a method for detuning an idle side of a deep pit with tilted safety berms (see Vlasov V.M., Androsov A.D. Technologies for open diamond mining in cryolithozone / Edited by OI Sleptsov .-- Yakutsk: Publishing House of the NSC SB RAS, 2007 - 388 p., S. 206).

At the same time, the low efficiency of the known solution is due to the significant volumes of overburden production in the quarry contour and the increased danger of mining equipment operations when working under high ledges.

The objective of the present invention is to increase the efficiency and safety of mining in deep quarries.

To solve the problem of the method for detuning an idle side of a deep pit, detuning is carried out with the construction of steeply inclined safety berms over the entire perimeter of the side of the quarry over a spiral exit, along which rocks that crumble from the escarpments of the ledges slide and accumulate on special equipped working platforms, from where the collected rock is subsequently loaded into dump trucks and export to external dumps using semi-trenches.

A comparative analysis of the features of the claimed solution with the signs of analogues indicates the conformity of the claimed solution to the criterion of "novelty."

In the proposed method, new features in comparison with the prototype are:

- the use in the design of the side of the new principle of trapping rocks falling from the side of the quarry in steeply inclined safety berms;

- the movement of rocks crumbling from the quarry along a steeply inclined safety berm to specially equipped work sites;

- the use of specially equipped work sites for collecting crumbled rocks, shipping them to dump trucks and transporting them to external dumps.

These new features eliminate the disadvantages of existing methods for detuning a non-working side of a deep quarry and provide the following reinforced new positive properties:

- the use of steeply inclined safety bars significantly reduces the volume of overburden production in the quarry mining circuit;

- the movement of crumbling rocks on a steep slope provides safe working conditions for mining equipment in the working area of the quarry;

- the creation of specially equipped work sites reduces the complexity of work to clean the safety berms.

The steeply inclined safety berm is a kind of “gutter”, along which rocks falling from the side slopes slide down to the work site with their subsequent unloading into dump trucks and transported to external dumps.

The claimed technical solution is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 schematically shows the plan of the quarry at the end of mining with the location of steeply inclined safety bars; figure 2 - transverse sections along the career; figure 3 is a design diagram for determining the volume of work in the contours of the quarry mining.

The method of detuning a non-working side of a deep quarry is as follows.

During the detuning of its sides with steeply inclined safety berms, the quarry is mined in the following sequence. Initially, the quarry with a mark of 0 m is worked out with the detachment of the sides by traditional safety berms to a depth of -300 m. In this case, the non-working side of the quarry reaches the limit circuit 1 (see Fig. 1, 2). Further, an intermediate platform 2 is left along the entire perimeter of the quarry. Further pit depth below the -300 m mark is carried out in a new circuit 3 with a spiral exit 4 laying to the entire pit depth and steeply inclined safety bores 5 are formed along the entire perimeter of the pit working area, for example, every 2 -3 ledges in height of the working area of the quarry.

At the end of each steeply inclined safety berm, work platforms 6 are created to accommodate rocks (stones) 7 crumbling from the slopes (see Fig. 2). After the accumulation of stones at the work site 6, the crumbled rocks are loaded into dump trucks and transported to the surface through half trenches 8 and a spiral exit 4. Thus, from time to time, as rocks accumulate, they are removed from the quarry, providing safe working conditions for mining transport equipment when finalizing deep horizons career.

The technical essence and advantages of the new technical solution are disclosed by the example of mining a kimberlite quarry operated in extreme climatic conditions of the permafrost zone of the North when opening deep horizons with spiral ramps of internal laying.

An example of a specific implementation of the claimed method of detuning a non-working side of a deep quarry.

The initial data for the calculations are as follows:

- the depth of the quarry, N _to = 590 m;

- the depth of mining with the traditional technology of the detuning side, N _t = 270 m;

- mining depth using steeply inclined safety bars, Н _р = 320 m;

- the slope angle of the high ledge at maturity, α = 75 °;

- angle of slope of the side of the quarry with the traditional technology of detuning, β = 45 °;

- slope angle of the pit side with the recommended technology, γ = 60 °;

- the diameter of the kimberlite pipe, d = 200 m;

- the number of steeply inclined safety bars constructed on board the quarry, n ₆ = 4;

- angle of steeply inclined safety bar, b = 50 °;

The calculations are performed in the following sequence (see Fig. 3):

1. The volume of work in the contour of the quarry with the traditional technology of the flanging - V _ATSD ,

)²+π(

_kctgβ)²],V _AVSD = 0.5 × N _to × [π (

) ² + π (

_k ctgβ) ² ],

where ATSD is the contour of a quarry using traditional technology.

V _AED = 295 [3.14 × 100 ² +3.14 (100 + 590ctg45 °) ² ] = 331708030.0 m ³

2. The volume of work in the contour of the quarry with the recommended technology for _flanging - V _EFGBCHKΛ

V _EFGBCHKΛ = V _{EFKΛ +} V _GBCH ,

where EFGBCHKΛ is the quarry contour with the recommended technology.

)²+π(

²],V _EFKΛ = 0.5 × N _t [π (

) ² + π (

² ]

)²+3,14(

)²]=43983945,0 м³ V _EFKΛ = 0.5 × 270 [3.14 (

) ² +3.14 (

) ² ] = 43983945.0 m ³

)²+π(

_p×ctgd)²]=V _GBCH = 0.5 × H _p [π (

) ² + π (

_p × ctgd) ² ] =

= 0.5 × 320 [3.14 × 100 ² +3.14 (100 + 320ctg75 °) ² ] = 22348960.0 m ³

V _EFGBCHKΛ = 43983945.0 + 22348960.0 = 66332905.0 m ³ = 66332.9 thousand m ³ .

3. Reduction of mining operations as a result of the introduction of new technologies detuning nonworking side deep quarry - ΔV _p,

ΔV = V _{p AVSD} -V _EFGBCHKL = 331708030-66392905 = 265375125 m ³ = 265375000 m. ³

4. The expected cost reduction from the introduction of the recommended method for cutting off the idle side by reducing the volume of mining in the mining circuit of mine E ₁ will be,

E ₁ = ΔV _p × C _p ,

where C _p - the cost of development of 1 m ³ rocks,

C _p = 3.41

E ₁ = 265.375 × 3.41 = 904.925 million dollars.

5. The cost of the construction of four steeply inclined safety bars - З ₁ ,

Z ₁ = L _B × W _B × h _B × S _p ,

where L _B is the average length of one steeply inclined safety berm, m;

W _B - width steeply inclined safety berm, W _B = 17 m;

h _B - average depth of steeply inclined safety berm, h _B = 2 m.

L _B =

where δ is the slope of the steeply inclined safety berm, deg.

= 104 м.L _B

= 104 m.

The volume of work on the construction of steeply inclined safety berm - V _B ,

V _B = W _B × L _B × h _B = 17 × 104 × 2 = 35428 m ³ ,

,The total volume for the construction of steeply inclined safety bars -

,

n_Б×V_Б=4

35428=141712 м³,

n _B × V _B = 4

35428 = 141712 m ³ ,

From where

=3,41×141712=483237 долл.=483,238 тыс. долл.Z ₁ = C _p

= 3.41 × 141712 = 483237 dollars. = 483.238 thousand dollars.

The economic effect of the introduction of the recommended method is

E = E ₁ -Z ₁ = 904.921-0.483 = 904.442 million dollars

In the calculations of economic efficiency, the costs of the construction of a small length of the half-trench are not taken into account, since they make up less than 5% of the cost of the construction of 1 pm steeply inclined safety berm.

The table shows the results of comparative calculations of technical and economic indicators from the introduction of the recommended method of detuning a non-working side of a deep quarry.

From the above table it follows that the economic effect of the implementation of the method will be 904,442 million dollars, which will be achieved due to lower costs for incomplete stripping. In addition, safe mining conditions will be created under high slopes while exploring the deep horizons of the quarry.

Table

Expected technical and economic indicators from the implementation of the recommended technical solution (million dollars)

No. p / p The name of indicators Traditional technology Recommended Technology 1 Quarry depth, m. 590.0 590.0 2 Depth of mining with blurry methods for detuning a non-working side of a quarry, m 270,0 320,0 3 The volume of work in the contour of the quarry, mln. M ³ 331,708 0,0663 4 The reduction in the volume of work in the quarry mining circuit, mln.m ³ - 265,375 5 Cost reduction due to reduction in the volume of work, mln. Dollars - 904,442 6 Scope of construction of steeply inclined safety bars - 143.71 7 The cost of the construction of steeply inclined safety bars, thousand dollars - 483,238 8 Mining costs in the quarry mining circuit, mln. Dollars 1131.12 226,678 9 The economic effect of the introduction of the recommended method for detuning a non-working side of a deep pit using steeply inclined safety bars, mln. Dollars - 904,442

Claims (1)

A method for detuning an idle side of a deep pit, including forming the bead by horizontal, inclined, and tilted safety berms, characterized in that the bead is detonated with a structure over steep ramp along the entire perimeter of the side of the quarry of steeply inclined safety berms, and at the end of each berma, work platforms are created for accumulating and subsequent shipment to the surface of the collected crumbling rock, for which an additional half-trench is constructed, connecting the work platform and the spiral exit.

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