RU2710721C1 - Seed encapsulation method for aeroseutive - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the agriculture. Disclosed is a method for encapsulating seeds for aerial sowing, involving seed capsulation and cooling procedures. Additionally, a capsule-forming mold is created, comprising cells having a configuration providing aerodynamic resistance of the capsule in flight; preparing a solution containing ingredients which ensure effective germination of seeds, having a freezing temperature, optimum for storage and effective germination of a specific type of seeds, as well as density higher than seeds, that providing location of seeds inside capsules, increases their protection and aerodynamic stability of capsule in flight due to location of center of mass of capsule in front of its pressure center. One seed is placed into each cell of the capsule mold. Complete filling of the mold cells is performed to obtain the capsules with the solution and the mold is cooled to the solution freezing temperature and the capsules are formed. Method comprises extraction of capsules from mold for subsequent aerial suction.

EFFECT: higher quality of aerial sowing and subsequent survival of seeds.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to forestry and agriculture, in particular, to methods for encapsulating seeds for airseeding during reforestation in areas inaccessible or ineffective for ground-based mechanization.

A known method of presowing treatment of seeds of rare and relict plants (US Pat. RU No. 2663062; IPC A01C 1/00; publ. 08/01/2018), including packing seeds in paper bags, freezing them at a temperature of from -51 to -30 ° C for not less than 35 days and a gradual increase in temperature to a low positive temperature (5-10 ° C) over 2-3 days, which allows to increase the germination energy and germination of seeds after prolonged dry storage to obtain seedlings of high viability.

The disadvantage of this method is the long time interval for finding seeds at low temperatures, which requires the use of sufficiently energy-intensive stationary equipment that does not allow the method to be implemented in the field.

A known method of preparing seeds for airseeding (AS SU No. 917736; IPC A01C 1/06; publ. 07.04.1982), comprising treating the seeds with adhesive and mixing with sand (25-250 microns) on a vibrating table.

The disadvantages of this method are increased trauma to the seeds and the impossibility of subsequent direct seeding.

A known method of encapsulation of seeds (patent application SV No. RA / a / 2003/001670; IPC A01C 1/00; publ. 11.10.2004), comprising obtaining capsules of spherical softwood seeds having an internal structure sufficient to ensure air intake and water into the seeds, and consisting of a composition of repellents, fungicides, an organic substrate (substrate), agglutinating substances and fertilizers. This composition improves seed viability in the resulting spherical capsules and is sufficient for use in reforestation.

The disadvantages of this method are insufficient for aerosow density of the outer shell of the capsules and the inability to implement the method in the field.

A known method of seed treatment (US Pat. US No. 7001869; IPC C05G 3/02, A01C 1/06; publ. 04/01/2004), comprising selecting components and preparing a composition of a certain concentration for presowing treatment of seeds during storage supplemented by an inhibitor of mold processes; treatment of seeds with a composition using soaking or spraying systems and subsequent encapsulation in smooth capsules of a spherical shape; seed storage if necessary; sowing seeds in any traditional way, which differs in surface airseeding by the mandatory inclusion of components for the inhibition of predation at the first stage.

The disadvantage of this method is the insufficient density of the capsules, which allows only surface airseeding.

A known method of preventing defective germination or growth of a plant (US Pat. US No. 7490436; IPC A01C 1/06; publ. 02.17.2009), including the encapsulation and cooling of the seeds. Encapsulation of seeds is carried out using a tube that forms a gel capsule and allows you to put seeds inside the capsule and create an air gap. Seed cooling in order to finally form a gel capsule and create the best conditions for sowing seeds is carried out using a refrigeration unit for a period of several days to one month in a room with controlled humidity and lighting. The method is intended for sowing seeds of plants having small sizes. Adopted for the prototype.

The disadvantages of this method are the high complexity and complexity of the execution, not allowing it to be implemented in the field.

The claimed invention is intended for encapsulation of seeds for airseeding and is aimed at solving the problem of improving the quality of airseeding and subsequent survival of seeds.

The problem arises in forestry and agriculture, if necessary, airseeding of seeds with their subsequent protection.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of encapsulating seeds for airseeding, including the encapsulation and cooling of seeds, according to the invention, additionally create a form for capsules containing cells having a configuration that provides aerodynamic stability of the capsule in flight; prepare a solution containing ingredients that provide effective seed germination, having a freezing point optimal for storage and effective germination of a particular type of seed, as well as a density greater than the density of the seeds, which, by providing the location of the seeds inside the capsules, increases their security and aerodynamic stability of the capsule in flight due to the location of the center of mass of the capsule in front of its center of pressure; one seed is placed in each cell of the capsule form; complete filling out the cells of the form to obtain capsules with a solution and cooling the form to the temperature of complete freezing of the solution and the formation of capsules; carry out the extraction of capsules from the mold for subsequent airseeding.

In FIG. depicts a variant of the General view of the cells of the form for capsules when implementing the method of encapsulating seeds for airseeding, in the context.

The implementation of the method of encapsulation of seeds for airseeding is carried out in the following order.

1. A mold for producing capsules is created containing a given number N of cells of a conical, arrow-shaped or other configuration that provides aerodynamic stability of the capsule of this configuration in flight (for example, the bullet configuration shown in Fig.).

2. Preparing a solution containing ingredients that provide:

- effective seed germination (high germination energy, viability, resistance to abiotic factors and predation);

- the freezing temperature of the solution, corresponding to the temperature optimal for storage and effective germination of a particular type of seed;

- the density of the solution, a greater density of seeds, which, firstly, ensures the location of seeds inside the capsules, increasing their security, and secondly, the center of mass of the capsule is in front of its center of pressure, providing aerodynamic stability of the capsule in flight.

3. One seed is placed in each cell.

4. The solution is poured into the mold until the cells are completely filled.

5. The form with the seeds is placed in a chamber that provides complete freezing of the solution and the formation of capsules.

6. At the end of the freezing of the solution, capsules are removed from the mold for subsequent airseeding.

After this, the capsules with seeds are placed in a seed sowing apparatus, aggregated with an aircraft, an air sowing program is set up taking into account climatic, soil, forestry conditions, and air sowing is performed.

The advantages of the proposed method of encapsulating seeds for airseeding are its simplicity, the ability to ensure effective germination of seeds, increasing the accuracy of airseeding by ensuring the aerodynamic stability of capsules in flight and increasing the protection of seeds in contact with the soil by placing seeds inside the capsules.

Claims (1)

A method of encapsulating seeds for airseeding, including encapsulating and cooling the seeds, characterized in that it further creates a form for capsules containing cells having a configuration that provides aerodynamic stability of the capsule in flight; prepare a solution containing ingredients that provide effective seed germination, having a freezing point optimal for storage and effective germination of a particular type of seed, as well as a density greater than the density of the seeds, which, by providing the location of the seeds inside the capsules, increases their security and aerodynamic stability of the capsule in flight due to the location of the center of mass of the capsule in front of its center of pressure; one seed is placed in each cell of the capsule form; complete filling of the cells of the form to obtain capsules with a solution and cooling of the form to the temperature of complete freezing of the solution and the formation of capsules; carry out the extraction of capsules from the mold for subsequent airseeding.

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