RU2705745C1 - Directed vertical polarization antenna with resonator power supply - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio equipment.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to radio engineering, specifically to vertical polarization antennas and a sectoral beam pattern in a horizontal plane, and can be used as directional antennas for wireless networks, primarily ISM bands. Device is made in the form of two rigidly connected metal rods, containing half-wave vibrator, supplied from its lower end through matching device in form of quarter-wave open line closed at lower end. As vibrators, providing directional properties of antenna, located parallel to axis of half-wave vibrator, introduced is a reflector and directors made active with shunt power supply devices and cross-connected connecting conductors of equal length to endings of a half-wave vibrator.EFFECT: technical result consists in the possibility of expanding the working frequency band and in the possibility of adjusting the width of the beam pattern while simplifying the design of the antenna.1 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to radio engineering, namely to antennas with vertical polarization and a sectoral radiation pattern in the horizontal plane and can be used as directional antennas for wireless networks, mainly the ISM range.

The well-known directional antenna type "Wave Channel" (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave Channel). The antenna contains an active and a number of passive vibrators - reflectors located on the traverse, located relative to the direction of radiation behind the active vibrator, as well as directors located in front of the active vibrator. The current induced by the radiation of the active vibrator in the reflector induces voltage. For a reflector, the resistance of which is inductive due to its length greater than 0.5λ, the voltage lags in phase from the voltage in the active vibrator by 270 °. As a result, the radiation of the active vibrator and the reflector in the direction of the reflector is in antiphase, and in the direction of the active vibrator in phase, which leads to an increase in radiation in the direction of the active vibrator, approximately twice. Directors work similarly to a reflector, however, due to the capacitive nature of their resistance (which is determined by their shorter length), radiation is amplified in the direction of the directors. Each additional reflector or director gives an increase in gain, but less than the previous reflector and director, and for the reflector the effect of attenuation of the action of additional elements is much stronger, and therefore more than one reflector is rarely used.

The disadvantages of the classical antenna type "Wave channel" are its predominant use with horizontal polarization due to the peculiarities of balancing and matching with coaxial cables and its large overall dimensions.

Known directional antenna of vertical polarization (PM RF №18020, publ. 10.05.2001), containing a half-wave vibrator, passing at the base into a closed quarter-wave two-wire line made in the form of two rigidly connected metal rods, with two dielectric traverses inserted, which are installed in the middle parts of the half-wave vibrator perpendicular to the axis of the half-wave vibrator. Parallel to the axis of the half-wave vibrator, the metal rod of the reflector is rigidly mounted in the traverse on the one hand, and one or more metal rods of the directors are rigidly mounted in parallel to the axis of the half-wave vibrator in the traverse. In addition, the antenna contains an element of rigid mounting of the traverse with a vibrator.

The disadvantages of the known directional antennas are the use of two dielectric traverses and a rigid mount element traverses with a vibrator, complicating the design and manufacture of the antenna, reducing the mechanical reliability of the structure and its functionality.

The closest to the claimed invention is a directional VHF antenna 433-435 MHz (AN5-433, LLC "Geolink"), which is a directional antenna of the type "Wave Channel", made in the form of a steel prefabricated welded structure. In the known technical solution, the prototype, the radiating element is adapted for use with vertical polarization and in the structure of the Wave Channel vibrators, it contains a half-wave vibrator fed from its lower end through a matching device in the form of a quarter-wave open line closed at the lower end with the so-called J-matching and grounded base. The functions of the reflector and directors are determined by the electric lengths of the core elements.

The disadvantages of the prototype are stationary amplitude-frequency characteristics, as well as the increased length of the vibrator structure and its single-point fastening, which reduce mechanical stress and wind resistance, the complexity of the setup at the installation site with limited functionality.

The problem solved by the invention is to improve the technical and operational characteristics of a directional antenna of vertical polarization with resonant power, as well as expanding the functionality.

The technical result provided by the given set of features achieved by using the invention is the ability to control the radiation pattern width and expand the working frequency band, simplify the antenna design and reduce its cost by unifying identical angular elements: - half-vibrators, for realizing active reflector and directors. It also simplifies the adjustment of the frequency band and antenna beamwidth due to the fact that the adjustment is carried out by changing the aperture angle and the length of the half-vibrators.

To solve the problem with achieving a technical result, the claimed directional antenna contains two rigidly connected metal rods, including a half-wave vibrator, powered from the lower end through a matching device, in the form of a quarter-wave open line closed at the lower end, with vertically parallel to the axis of the half-wave vibrator, reflector and directors. The reflector and directors are made active with shunt power devices and cross-connected by connecting wires of equal length to the ends of the half-wave vibrator.

Additional embodiments of the device are possible, in which it is advisable that:

- one active reflector and one active director were used, where the active reflector and active director, located in the plane of the half-wave vibrator, were made in the form of two identical angular elements:

- a semi-vibrator with a connecting conductor, counter-interconnected along the length of the shunts;

- two identical directors, made active, with shunt power devices and cross-connected by connecting conductors of equal length to the ends of the half-wave vibrator, symmetrically separated from the directivity axis in the horizontal plane with the formation of an aperture angle α between themselves.

The novelty in the device part is seen in the fact that in the directional antenna of vertical polarization with resonant power, the reflector and directors are made active.

The novelty in the device part is seen in the fact that the reflector and directors are electrically connected to the ends of the half-wave vibrator.

The novelty in the device part is that the reflector and directors are made with shunt power devices.

The novelty in the device part is that the connecting conductors for each connected vibrator have equal lengths and are connected crosswise.

The novelty in the device part is seen in the fact that the reflector and directors are made in the form of two identical angular elements: - semi-vibrators with connecting conductors.

The novelty in the device part is seen in the fact that the half-vibrators for creating a vibrator are interconnected with each other with overlapping along the length of the shunts.

The novelty in the device part is seen in the fact that directors can be cross-connected by connecting conductors of equal length to the ends of the half-wave vibrator from the directivity axis in the horizontal plane with the formation of an aperture angle α between themselves.

Industrial applicability of the proposed technical solution is seen in the comparative simplicity of manufacture, high electrical characteristics, the possibility of use in small-scale production and for wide distribution on an industrial basis at a high competitive level. In comparison with the known analogues and prototype, the proposed antenna compares favorably with increased functionality, technical and operational and economic characteristics.

These advantages, as well as the features of the present invention are explained using options for its implementation with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 schematically depicts a sketch of the claimed device;

FIG. 2 - radiation patterns in the horizontal and vertical plane with the main electrical characteristics;

FIG. 3 schematically depicts a sketch of the claimed device in a version with one active director;

FIG. 4 - its radiation patterns in the horizontal and vertical plane with the main electrical characteristics;

FIG. 5 schematically depicts a sketch of the claimed device with divorced directors;

FIG. 6 - its radiation patterns in the horizontal and vertical plane with the main electrical characteristics.

The directional antenna of vertical polarization with resonant power (Fig. 1) contains two rigidly connected metal rods 1 and 2. The half-wave vibrator 3 is powered from its lower end (point “a”) through a matching device in the form of a quarter-wave open line 4 closed on the lower the end. Reflector 6 and directors 7 and 8 are vertically arranged parallel to axis 5 of the half-wave vibrator 3. Reflector 6 and directors 7, 8 are made active with shunt power devices 9, 10 and 11. Reflector 6 and directors 7, 8 are cross-connected by connecting conductors 12, 13, 14 and 15, 16, 17, of equal length to the lower end "a" and the upper end "b" of the half-wave vibrator 3.

To simplify the design of the directional antenna of vertical polarization with resonant power due to optimization, due to the fact that the additional director 8 gives an increase in gain, but less than the previous director 7, the directional antenna of vertical polarization with resonant power is presented in the version with one active director 7 (Fig. 3). In this case, the active reflector 6 and the active director 7, located in the plane 18 of the half-wave vibrator, are made in the form of two identical angular elements. Identical angular elements - semi-vibrators 19 and 20, 21 and 22 with connecting conductors 12 and 13, 15 and 16, are counter-interconnected along the length of the shunt power devices 9 and 10.

In addition, in the version of a directional antenna of vertical polarization with resonant power with an expanded horizontal plane radiation pattern and an increased band of operating frequencies in the sketch (Fig. 5), the claimed device is displayed with divorced directors. In the antenna, two identical directors 7 and 8 are made active with shunt power devices 10 and 11 and are cross-connected by connecting conductors 13, 16 and 14, 17 of equal length, respectively, to the ends “a” and “b” of the half-wave vibrator 3, symmetrically separated from axis 5 directivity in the horizontal plane 23 with the formation of the aperture angle α between themselves.

The antenna works (Fig. 1) as follows.

A directional antenna of vertical polarization with resonant power for receiving and emitting radio signals, containing a half-wave vibrator 3, powered from its lower end at point “a” through a matching device in the form of a quarter-wave open line 4, closed at the lower end, in appearance resembles the Latin letter “ J ". As a result of this, in various literature such an antenna is also called a "J-antenna."

The high input impedance of a half-wave vibrator from either end, when powered from its lower end, is transformed in a known manner to the wave impedance of a cable by choosing the optimal distance from the connection points to the closed end of the line. The use of an open line as a matching element provides low losses with a large transformation ratio. The gain of the "J-antenna" is commensurate with the gain of a classical dipole. When placed in the plane of a half-wave vibrator, in parallel, along the directional axis of the antenna, a number of passive vibrators - a reflector located relative to the direction of radiation behind the active vibrator, as well as directors located in front of the active vibrator makes the antenna device unilaterally directed. The current induced by the radiation of the active vibrator in the reflector creates a voltage. For a reflector, the resistance of which is inductive due to its length greater than 0.5λ, the voltage lags in phase from the voltage in the active vibrator by 270 °. As a result, the radiation of the active vibrator and the reflector in the direction of the reflector is in antiphase, and in the direction of the active vibrator in phase, which leads to an increase in radiation in the direction of the active vibrator, approximately twice. Directors work similarly to a reflector, however, due to the capacitive nature of their resistance (which is determined by their shorter length), radiation is amplified in the direction of the directors. In turn, the radiation of the reflector and directors is possible not only due to induced currents, but also by conduction currents, which is carried out in well-known classical log-periodic antennas with parallel galvanic connection of split vibrators with input resistances at the power points when summed up commensurate with the wave impedance of the cable. In the proposed technical solution, the galvanic connection is made from the physical point of power supply "a" from the lower end of the active half-wave vibrator 3 and symmetrically, from its upper end from point "b", cross-connected connecting conductors of equal length 12, 13, 14 and 15, 16 , 17 with connection to the reflector 6 and directors 7 and 8. To coordinate the resistance of the active half-wave vibrator 3 by resistance, taking into account the electrical load with parallel connection to the active mode of reflector 6 and the director 7 and 8, applied power shunt device 9, 10 and 11 as in Schemes classical inclusion shunts dipoles. Thus, the operation of the proposed directional vertical polarization antenna with resonant power is similar to the operation of the known directional log-periodic antennas.

In turn, the simplified version of the directional antenna of vertical polarization with resonant power due to the fact that the additional director gives an increase in gain, but less than the previous director, the directional antenna of vertical polarization with resonant power with one active director 7 (Fig. 3) the most optimal. A 10-15 percent reduction in gain is offset by a simplification of the design and an increase in the mechanical reliability of the antenna device. At the same time, the active reflector 6 and the active director 7, located in the plane of the half-wave vibrator 18, made in the form of two identical angular elements, simplify the manufacturing technology of the antenna. Identical angular elements - half vibrators 19 and 20, 21 and 22 with connecting conductors 12 and 13, 14 and 15, counter-connected along the length of the shunt power devices 9 and 10, work unambiguously, as with the classical inclusion of shunts in dipoles.

To expand the horizontal pattern and increase the operating frequency band of the directional vertical polarization antenna with resonant power (Fig. 5) in the claimed device, the directors 7 and 8 are symmetrically separated from the directivity axis in the horizontal plane 23 with the formation of an aperture angle α between themselves. In this implementation, the radiation patterns formed in the directions of the directors 7 and 8 are added up, expanding the total radiation pattern of the antenna. As an unforeseen effect, when the directors are diverged from the directivity axis in the horizontal plane 23 with the formation of an aperture angle α between themselves, the operating frequency band of the declared antenna is expanded up to 2 times relative to the aligned willows 1.5 times relative to the antenna with 1 director.

Computer simulation of the structure fully confirms the theoretical background in the development of a technical solution for a directional antenna of vertical polarization with resonant power. The calculated gain for the antenna at 434 MHz for the claimed technical solution is 9dBi, for an antenna with one director 8.3dBi and for an antenna with an expanded radiation pattern of 8dBi., Width of radiation patterns, 70; 80; 90 and 5.5 MHz operating frequency bands; 10 MHz; 15 MHz - respectively.

Tests of the claimed antenna were organized, the results of which fully confirmed the data of computer simulation.

Claims (2)

1. Directional antenna of vertical polarization with resonant power, made in the form of two rigidly connected metal rods, containing a half-wave vibrator, powered from its lower end through a matching device in the form of a quarter-wave open line closed at the lower end, with a reflector vertically arranged parallel to the axis of the half-wave vibrator and directors, characterized in that the reflector and directors are made active with shunt power devices and cross-connected mi conductors of equal length to the ends of the half-wave vibrator. 2. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that two identical directors, made active with shunt power devices and cross-connected by connecting conductors of equal length to the ends of the half-wave vibrator, are symmetrically separated from the directivity axis in the horizontal plane with the formation of an aperture angle α between themselves.

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