RU161594U1 - Fragment of a multi-element controlled strip of a phased antenna array L RANGE - Google Patents

Abstract

A fragment of a multi-element controlled strip phased antenna array of the L range, containing a common passive reflector, symmetrical half-wave vibrators and cable RF connectors located along the symmetry axis of the vibrators at the level of the common passive reflector, which serve as a structural element for mechanical mounting of printed circuit boards, each vibrator is made on one double-sided printed circuit board with two shoulders connected to each other through a communication gap located along the axis of symmetry of the vibrators, which are powered s via the RF cable in antiphase upper supply circuit; on one side of the printed circuit board perpendicularly and symmetrically to the communication gap between the printed shoulders of the vibrator there is an open reactive loop with the communication window towards the vibrator and galvanically connected to the shoulders of the vibrator, also on the printed circuit board there is a short-circuited balancing device made on connected horizontal strip lines in the form oriented U of the knee, while the distance from the middle of the shoulder of the printed vibrator to the total passive reflector is λav / 4, characterized in that the topologists I of the shoulders of a half-wave printed vibrator, made in the form of rectangular conductors symmetric with respect to the axis of symmetry of the vibrators, and an open reactive loop with a communication window towards the vibrator are located on one side of the printed circuit board, and on the other side of the printed circuit board along the axis of symmetry of the vibrator are a power RF cable and a short-circuited a balancing device symmetrically oriented relative to the axis of symmetry of the vibrator on connected strip lines

Description

The utility model relates to antenna technology, in particular, to multi-element strip microwave (UHF) antennas and can be used as a fragment of a phased antenna array (PAR), either independently or as part of complex transceiver systems, for example, modern radars.

In most cases, multi-element microwave antennas from flat vibrators are arranged in order in accordance with the geometry of a hexagonal or rectangular PAR array.

The current practice allows the use of previously developed antennas and vibrators to upgrade them, improve their parameters, designs, manufacturability, reduce manufacturing costs, etc.

In the radio industry, in television antenna systems, and cellular communication systems, vibrators with upper excitation (use for excitation of the U knees) are widely used to ensure symmetrical fields on the shoulders of half-wave vibrators; the excitation can also be lower relative to the plane of the passive reflector. Other excitation schemes are possible.

A classical device [1] is known that is close in technical essence — a fragment of a phased array containing half-wave coaxial vibrators located in accordance with the phased array scheme perpendicular to the plane of a common passive reflector. The composition of each vibrator (see Fig. 2) includes: two arms of the vibrator 1, which have a coupling gap in the middle located along the axis of symmetry of the vibrator, and are fed through the high-frequency cable 4 in antiphase according to the upper supply circuit and a balancing device on symmetrical connected tubular lines 2 with a short circuit 3, forming a U elbow length λav / 4, the distance from the middle of the vibrator arm to the total passive reflector 2 is λav / 4. The feeding RF cable 4 passes in one of the tubes of the balancing device.

The use of a short-circuited U elbow in the design allows to reduce the RF currents flowing to the armor of the RF cable due to the large input resistance of the U elbow.

The disadvantage of this analogue is its tubular design, which is not technologically advanced, its manufacture is expensive and a similar design of the HEADLIGHTER has a large weight.

According to the source [2], structural schemes using the U elbow are narrow-band; special measures are required to expand the frequency bandwidth, for example, the inclusion of communication circuits in the vibrator [3].

As a rule, the above-described design of a tubular vibrator is used in high-potential strategic headlights operating in a narrow frequency band. In a printed version at lower power levels, this design can be implemented on a single printed circuit board.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed utility model, i.e. the prototype (see Fig. 3), is a fragment of the HEADLIGHT [4], which contains the HEADLIGHTS located in a rectangular grid, at a fixed distance from each other dx and dy, and at a height of λav / 4 above the plane of the common passive reflector 2, perpendicular to it symmetrical strip half-wave vibrators 1 with upper excitation, made using a purchased RF connector 6. The shoulders of each vibrator 1 are two rectangular strip conductors with a coupling gap in the middle along the axis of symmetry. The shoulders of the vibrator 1 are located on both sides of the printed circuit board 5 on the basis of double-sided fiberglass and galvanically connected to the output ends of the short-circuited balancing device 3, oriented horizontally and made in the form of a two-wire strip line on one side of the printed circuit board 5 with a gap below the printed strip vibrator 1. HF cable 4 from the RF connector 6 is laid to the shoulders of the vibrator 1 along the axis of symmetry of the vibrator, and structurally the RF cable 4 is located on the back of the circuit board 5 relative to balancing device 3.

The RF connector 6 is installed on the printed circuit board 5 strictly along the axis of symmetry of the vibrator in the window of the printed circuit board, repeating the outlines of the RF connector 6. The RF connector 6 is attached to the printed circuit board 5 mechanically in two places (the attachment points are not shown in the figure).

On the opposite side of the vibrator relative to the balancing device 3, an open jet loop 7 (with electric length <λav / 8) is installed perpendicularly and symmetrically to the communication gap between the shoulders of the vibrators 1 to maximize the frequency bandwidth on the shoulders of the vibrator 1 symmetrically to its axis. A reactive open loop 7 in the center has a communication window located opposite the gap between the shoulders of the vibrators 1. A reactive open loop 7 performs the functions of a tuning element and, if configured appropriately, increases the passband of the vibrator by 2–3 times.

In particular, at the applicant enterprise, the prototype is used in a number of manufactured PAR L-bands with a total number of 1834 vibrators.

In the production process, a number of shortcomings were identified: increased vertical size, complex structural design of the vibrator.

As a result of a multilateral review of the design scheme of the vibrator - the prototype, the possibility of a significant improvement in half-wave vibrators on one printed circuit board is revealed - this is the placement of the topology of the shoulders of the half-wave printed vibrator on one side, and the balancing device in the form of a horizontally oriented short-circuited elbow is symmetrical about the axis of symmetry of the vibrators. This allows you to realize the Central position of the phase center and, therefore, to provide a central excitation of the vibrators.

The technical result of the utility model is to simplify the design and reduce the vertical size of the wave vibrator while maintaining a wide band of transmitted frequencies, the central position of the phase center, the orthogonal radiation pattern to the vibrator and the possibility of the beam swinging at angles of ± 45 ° in the frequency band (10 ÷ 12%), those. while maintaining the parameters implemented in the patents [4, 5].

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the fragment of the strip headlamp containing a common passive reflector, symmetrical half-wave vibrators and cable RF connectors located along the symmetry axis of the vibrators at the level of the general passive reflector, which serve as a structural element for mechanical mounting of printed circuit boards, each vibrator is made on one double-sided printed circuit board with two shoulders connected to each other through a communication gap located along the axis of symmetry of the vibrators, which are powered through the RF cable in antiphase according to the top power circuit; on one side of the printed circuit board perpendicularly and symmetrically to the communication gap between the printed arms of the vibrator there is an open reactive loop with a communication window towards the vibrator and galvanically connected to the arms of the vibrator, and also on the printed circuit board there is a short-circuited balancing device made on connected strip lines in the form of horizontally oriented U of the knee, while the distance from the middle of the shoulder of the printed vibrator to the common passive reflector is λav / 4, and the topology of the arms is half of a new printed vibrator made in the form of rectangular conductors of vibrators symmetrical along the axis of symmetry and an open reactive loop with a communication window towards the vibrator located on one side of the printed circuit board, and the RF supply cable and a short-circuited balancing device are placed on the other side of the printed circuit board along the axis of symmetry of the vibrator.

In FIG. 4, 5 shows a structural diagram of a half-wave vibrator of the claimed fragment of the PAR, where:

1. the shoulders of the vibrator;

2. passive reflector;

3. balancing device (U elbow);

4. power RF cable;

5. printed circuit board (based on 2-sided ARLON material);

6. RF connector;

7. open reactive loop.

The shoulders of the vibrator 1 are two symmetrical rectangular conductors. The shoulders of the vibrator 1 have a coupling gap along the symmetry axis of the vibrator and are powered in antiphase according to the top supply circuit through the RF cable 4, laid from the RF connector 6. The RF cable connector 6 is located in the center of the printed circuit board 5 perpendicular to the short-circuited balancing device 3 in the form of a U elbow on the level of the common passive reflector 2 and serves as a structural element for mechanical mounting of the printed circuit board. Moreover, the RF supply cable 4 and the balancing device 3 are located on the back side of the printed circuit board 5 relative to the shoulders of the vibrator and the open reactive loop.

On the side of the printed circuit board 5, where the topology of the printed arms of the vibrator 1 is located perpendicularly and symmetrically to the communication gap between the printed arms of the vibrator 1, an open reactive cable 7 is placed with a communication window towards the vibrator, galvanically connected to the vibrator arms.

On the reverse side of the printed circuit board 5 there is a short-circuited balancing device 3 in the form of a U elbow, made on connected strip lines that are galvanically connected to the printed arms of the vibrator 1. The topology of the short-circuited U elbow is made symmetrically with respect to the axis of symmetry of the vibrator and is horizontally oriented.

For additional protection against moisture on the printed vibrators, thin-walled foam pads (not shown in the figure) can be glued.

The inventive fragment of a multi-element controlled strip headlamp of the L range (see Fig. 1) contains a common passive reflector 2, symmetrical half-wave vibrators 1 placed in a rectangular grid of the headlamp, at a fixed distance from each other dx and dy, and at a height of cav / 4 above the common plane passive reflector 2, perpendicular to it, made using a purchased RF connector 6 with a cross section of 7 × 3.

To implement the design scheme of half-wave vibrators, the RF cable connector 6 is installed in the center of the printed circuit board and connected along the axis of symmetry of the vibrator with the input arms of the half-wave printed vibrator, and a short-circuited balancing device made on connected strip lines in the form of a horizontally oriented U elbow is located on the back side of the printed circuit board along the axis of symmetry of the vibrator with galvanic connection of the shoulders of the balancing device to the excitation points of the half-wave vibrator. To ensure the same potential of the 2-sided printed vibrator, the excitation points of the vibrator are galvanically closed using hollow rivets and, to guarantee a short circuit, are additionally connected by soldering. Thus, each half U of the elbow, whose total electric length is λav / 2, is soldered at the point of short circuit, i.e. To the right and left of this short circuit point are two horizontally oriented half loops on connected conductors connected in series. In addition, the RF cable, the short-circuited device is located on the opposite side of the printed circuit board relative to the topology of the shoulders of the half-wave vibrator and the open reactive loop.

The implementation of the inventive fragment of a multi-element controlled strip headlamp L range according to this scheme allows for central excitation of the vibrator by the RF cable to the shoulders of the vibrator.

Structurally, the printed circuit board with the help of a cable RF connector is rigidly attached to the RF connector, the vibrator shoulders are excited by an RF cable of the brand RK-50-2-25 with metal semi-rigid armor.

The FAR fragment works as follows:

When working at the reception, an incident plane wave induces antiphase voltages of equal amplitude and phase on the shoulders of the vibrators 1, which are supplied to the RF connectors 6 using the elements of the balancing devices 3 and the RF cables 4.

When transmitting, the probing RF signal from the PAR input through the antenna division and phasing system is fed to the RF cable connectors 6 and RF cables 4, and then to the half-wave vibrators that form the overall radiation pattern due to the addition of signals in space.

Open reactive loops 7 play the role of tuning elements and allow you to expand the transmitted frequency band of conventional vibrators with top power 2-3 times at the level of K _s 1.5 ÷ 1.6, which ensures the beam swing at angles ± 45 ° in the frequency band 10 ÷ 12%.

In figures 6-15 shows the results of modeling according to the program HFSS and prototyping of a fragment of the PAR using vibrators in the L range, namely:

In FIG. 6 - shows the radiation pattern of a single vibrator.

In FIG. 7 - shows the values of the SWR of a single vibrator in an infinite lattice.

In FIG. 8 - shows a circular pattern of a line of 10 vibrators in the E plane when the beam is swinging from 0 ° to 45 °.

In FIG. 9 - shows the directivity pattern of a line of 10 vibrators in the E plane when the beam is swinging from 0 ° to 45 °

In FIG. 10 - shows the directivity pattern of a line of 10 vibrators in the H plane when the beam is swinging from 0 ° to 45 °.

In FIG. 11 - shows the radiation pattern of a line of 10 vibrators in the E plane with an amplitude distribution over cos.

In FIG. 12 - shows the directivity pattern of a line of 10 vibrators in the E plane at the in-phase and equal-amplitude distribution.

In FIG. 13 - shows the SWR values of a single vibrator in an infinite lattice when the beam sways from 0 ° to 45 ° in the E plane (in the band from 1 to 2 GHz).

In FIG. 14 - shows the SWR values of a single vibrator in an infinite lattice when the beam sways from 0 ° to 45 ° in the H plane (in the band from 1 to 2 GHz).

In FIG. 15 - shows the values of the SWR layout of a single vibrator in the frequency band.

According to the simulation results, ten elements were carried out with a step of dy 120 mm.

The simulation confirmed the possibility of the beam swinging in the PAR fragment at angles of ± 45 ° in the frequency band from 1 GHz to 1.65 GHz.

Modeling in the E and H planes confirmed the possibility of forming a symmetrical pattern of the inventive vibrators with a phase center in the middle of the vibrator.

The simulation data on testing the claimed fragment of the PAR, consisting of printed vibrators (n = 10), made it possible to conclude that the broadband printed half-wave vibrators in the PAR do not require additional configuration.

Thus, the proposed fragment of the PAR in comparison with the prototype allows to simplify the design and reduce the vertical size of the wave vibrator, while maintaining the bandwidth of the transmitted frequencies, the central position of the phase center, the orthogonal pattern to the vibrator and the ability to swing the beam at angles of ± 45 ° in the strip frequencies 10 ÷ 12%.

In addition, the manufacturability of the HEADLOCK fragment, its operational characteristics (wave vibrators as a part of the HEADLAND do not require additional adjustment) are further improved, and its cost is also reduced.

All these qualities allow us to conclude that the proposed utility model of a fragment of a multi-element controlled strip headlamp of the L range is simple to manufacture and has high technical characteristics that best meets the requirements of mass production.

Bibliography:

1. Microwave antennas and devices “Phased array antenna design” edited by D.I. Voskresensky. M. Radio and communications, 1981 pp. 33 rice 210, 211.

2. G.Z. Eisenberg "Antennas of ultrashort waves." - M. "State Publishing House of Literature on Communications and Radio", 1957, p. 262, 263 fig. 13.4.XIII.

3. Scanning systems. Microwave part II. Translation from English edited by G.T. Markova and A.F. Chaplin, vol. II, Soviet Radio M, 1969, pp. 459-478.

4. Patent No. 148180 for utility model, application 2014132279 dated August 05, 2014 “Fragment of a multi-element controlled strip phased antenna array of the L band”, authors Shabalin A.V., Vdovin V.E.

5. RF patent No. 124516 for utility model, application 2012141983 dated October 2, 2012 “Fragment of a multi-element controlled strip phased antenna array of the L band”, authors Shabalin AV, Vdovin V.E.

Claims (1)

A fragment of a multi-element controlled strip phased antenna array of the L range, containing a common passive reflector, symmetrical half-wave vibrators and cable RF connectors located along the symmetry axis of the vibrators at the level of the common passive reflector, which serve as a structural element for mechanical mounting of printed circuit boards, each vibrator is made on one double-sided printed circuit board with two shoulders connected to each other through a communication gap located along the axis of symmetry of the vibrators, which are powered s via the RF cable in antiphase upper supply circuit; on one side of the printed circuit board perpendicularly and symmetrically to the communication gap between the printed shoulders of the vibrator there is an open reactive loop with the communication window towards the vibrator and galvanically connected to the shoulders of the vibrator, also on the printed circuit board there is a short-circuited balancing device made on connected horizontal strip lines in the form oriented U of the knee, while the distance from the middle of the shoulder of the printed vibrator to the total passive reflector is λav / 4, characterized in that the topologists I of the shoulders of a half-wave printed vibrator, made in the form of rectangular conductors symmetric with respect to the axis of symmetry of the vibrators, and an open reactive loop with a communication window towards the vibrator are located on one side of the printed circuit board, and on the other side of the printed circuit board along the axis of symmetry of the vibrator are a power RF cable and a short-circuited a balancing device symmetrically oriented relative to the axis of symmetry of the vibrator on the associated strip lines in the form of a horizontally oriented U elbow with total electrical length λav / 2, and the balancing device is galvanically connected to the common terminals of the vibrators using hollow rivets with their subsequent soldering.

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