RU2231179C1 - Antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering, antenna-feeder facilities.

SUBSTANCE: technical result of invention consists in correction of asymmetry of antenna directional pattern in E and H polarization planes. Antenna includes section of coaxial cable. Part of section has form of loop positioned in plane parallel to current conducting base. Ends of loop are bent and orthogonal to current conducting base. Two parts of section between loop and its bent end are located in plane of loop with arrangement of bent ends along longitudinal axis of loop inside it.

EFFECT: diminished height and simplified design of antenna.

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Description

The invention relates to radio engineering and can be used in antenna-feeder devices, mainly when the transceiver is mounted on a moving object, such as a car, ship, etc. In addition, the invention can be used when working in the range of short and medium waves, in which the working wavelength is relatively large.

Known loop antennas are of great height (Pistolkors A.A. Antennas. M.: Svyazizdat, 1947), (Eisenberg GZ and other Short-wave antennas. - M .: Radio and communications, 1985).

The closest technical solution is an antenna containing a piece of coaxial cable, from one end of which the central conductor is designed to connect to a generator or receiver, and from the other end of which a braid is designed to connect to an electrically conductive base, part of the piece of coaxial cable is made in the form of a loop located in plane parallel to the conductive base, and the ends of the loop are bent and orthogonal to the conductive base (US Patent No. 2417793, 259-33, publ. 1947).

This device implements a linear vertical polarization antenna containing an electrically conductive base - a conductive plate and a radiating element, made in the form of two parallel L-shaped conductors, the ends of which are connected in the plane of the loop, and the other ends are fed in series. In the description of the patent, it is noted that the technical solution allows reaching the antenna height h = λ / 8, where λ is the length of the average working wave. This antenna height value is half that of a traditionally used whip antenna. In one embodiment of the antenna, the outer braid of the coaxial cable partially fulfills the role of the L-shaped conductors. For practical implementation of the excitation circuit, the outer conductive braid of the coaxial cable is removed on a loop located in a horizontal plane parallel to the conductive base.

The L-shaped shape of the radiating element is the main cause of asymmetry in the radiation pattern (LH) of the antenna in both E and H polarization planes. The process of removing the outer sheath of the coaxial cable is relatively time-consuming, which complicates the design and increases the cost of production. The achieved height value h = λ / 8 is insufficient. Practice requires reducing the height h of the antenna.

Thus, the limitations of this technical solution are: low electrical, technological and operational characteristics of the antenna.

The problem solved by the invention is the improvement of technical and operational characteristics.

The technical result that can be obtained by carrying out the invention is to eliminate the asymmetry of the antenna bottom in the E and H polarization planes, reducing the height of the antenna and simplifying its design.

To solve the problem with achieving the specified technical result in a known antenna containing a segment of a coaxial cable, from one end of which the central conductor is designed to connect to a generator or receiver, and from the other end of which a braid is designed to connect to an electrically conductive base, and part of the length of a coaxial cable made in the form of a loop located in a plane parallel to the conductive base, and the ends of the loop are bent and orthogonal to the conductive axis Hovhan according to the invention the two parts of the coaxial cable between the loop and its curved ends are located in the plane of the loops with the ends folded arrangement providing along the longitudinal axis inside the loop.

Additional embodiments of the device are possible, in which it is advisable that:

- part of the length of the coaxial cable, made in the form of a loop, was bent in the plane of the loop;

- the part of the segment of the coaxial cable, made in the form of a loop, was curved in the plane of the loop in the form of a wavy line;

- the part of the segment of the coaxial cable, made in the form of a loop, was bent in the plane of the loop in the form of a meander line;

- the length of the bent ends of the loop h was chosen equal to λ / 12, where λ is the length of the average working wave.

In addition, the loop can be made of two turns, electrically open, and a piece of wire is introduced, while the braid in the middle of the loop of two turns is electrically closed to the electrically conductive base by means of a piece of wire.

In this case, the length of the bent ends of the loop h can be chosen equal to λ / 23, where λ is the length of the average working wave.

These advantages, as well as features of the present invention are illustrated by the best options for its implementation with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 schematically depicts the claimed technical solution.

FIG. 2 is the same as FIG. 1, another embodiment.

FIG. 3 is the same as FIG. 1, another embodiment.

FIG. 4 - an embodiment of an antenna from a loop with two turns.

The antenna (Fig. 1) contains a length of 1 coaxial cable. At one end of the segment 1 of the coaxial cable, the central conductor is designed to be connected to a generator or receiver, and at the other end of which the braid is designed to be connected to an electrically conductive base 2 (shown in Fig. 1 schematically). Part of the segment 1 is made in the form of a loop 3 located in a plane parallel to the conductive base 2. The ends 4 of the loop 3 are bent and orthogonal to the conductive base 2.

Two parts 5 of the segment 1 of the coaxial cable between the loop 3 and its curved ends 4 are located in the plane of the loop 3 with the location of the curved ends 4 along the longitudinal axis of the loop 3 inside it.

Part of the segment 1 of the coaxial cable, made in the form of a loop 3, is curved in the plane of the location of the loop 3 (Fig. 2, 3). For example, the part of the segment 1, made in the form of a loop 3, can be curved in the plane of the location of the loop 3 in the form of a wavy line. Or, part of the segment 1, made in the form of a loop 3, can be curved in the plane of the loop in the form of a meander line (Fig. 3).

The length of the bent ends 4 of the loop 3 (i.e., its height h) is selected to be approximately equal to λ / 12, where λ is the length of the average working wave (Fig. 1-3).

In another embodiment of the invention (Fig. 4), loop 3 is made of two turns electrically open. Line segment 6 has been entered. The braid in the middle of a loop 3 of two turns is electrically closed to the conductive base 2 by means of a length of 6 wires.

For this option, the length of the bent ends of the 4 loops (i.e., its height h) is chosen approximately equal to λ / 23, where λ is the length of the average working wave.

The antenna (Fig. 1-4) works as follows.

The excitation emf is applied to the gap between the central conductor of the segment 1 of the coaxial cable and the conductive base (Fig. ~ Is shown). At the same time, in section 1, the standing wave mode is established. In accordance with the selected dimensions of the bent ends 4 (Fig. 1-3), as well as the length of the wire 6 (Fig. 4) and the wavelength λ on these parallel conductors, a current distribution is established in which all currents flowing through them are in phase . Therefore, the distance between the bent ends 4 is much smaller than λ and does not affect the phase relations. This circumstance increases the radiation resistance of the antenna and increases its efficiency. The orthogonal arrangement of the bent ends 4 to the conductive base 2 determines the polarization of the antenna - linear vertical. The arrangement of the bent ends 4 relative to the loop 3 with the location of the bent ends 4 along the longitudinal axis of the loop 3 inside it, parallel to each other and in close proximity to each other, is symmetrical, which together provides a circular pattern in the H plane of polarization.

The experimental measurements showed that the antenna made in the variants (Figs. 1-3) has a height value of h≈λ / 12, where λ is the length of the average working wave. And when using another option (Fig. 4), it is possible to achieve a height value of h≈λ / 23, which is three times higher than the antenna height of the nearest analogue. The option (Fig. 1) is advisable to use in the General case to simplify the design. Options (Fig. 2, 3) allow you to work at lower frequencies by increasing the electrical length of the loop. Option (Fig. 4) can significantly reduce the size and carry out work at even lower frequencies.

The most successfully declared antenna is industrially applicable:

- on mobile communication objects, where its low height is necessary due to the functional specificity inherent in the moving object itself;

- at stationary communication facilities, where its low height reduces the forces and time required for construction, routine maintenance and repair of the antenna itself.

Claims (7)

1. An antenna containing a piece of coaxial cable, from one end of which the central conductor is designed to connect to a generator or receiver, and from the other end of which a braid is designed to connect to an electrically conductive base, part of the piece of coaxial cable is made in the form of a loop located in a plane parallel to electrically conductive base, and the ends of the loop are bent and orthogonal to the conductive base, characterized in that the two parts of the length of the coaxial cable between the loop and its bent to Tsami loop located in a plane with providing location bent ends along a longitudinal axis inside the loop. 2. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the part of the length of the coaxial cable, made in the form of a loop, is curved in the plane of the loop. 3. The antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that the part of the segment of the coaxial cable, made in the form of a loop, is curved in the plane of the loop in the form of a wavy line. 4. The antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that the part of the segment of the coaxial cable, made in the form of a loop, is curved in the plane of the loop in the form of a meander line. 5. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the bent ends of the loop h is chosen equal to λ / 12, where λ is the length of the average working wave. 6. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the loop is made of two turns, electrically open, a piece of wire is inserted, while the braid in the middle of a loop of two turns is electrically closed to an electrically conductive base by means of a piece of wire. 7. The antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that the length of the bent ends of the loop h is chosen equal to λ / 23, where λ is the length of the average working wave.

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