RU2704579C1 - Method and device for testing elastic materials with low cross-section when exposed to tension and temperature - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: measuring equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to measurement equipment and can be used in designing devices and devices for monitoring the quality of elastic materials with small cross-section, preferably protective threads and polymer tapes with a deposited thermo-adhesion layer and a holographic pattern used in production of securities. Disclosed is a method of testing threads of elastic materials with a small cross-section, preferably protective threads and polymer tapes, when exposed to tension and temperature, characterized by determining separately, but a single device of parameters of adhesion, drawing/shrinkage, heat resistance of holographic images of elastic material during or after exposure to linear distribution of temperature gradient along length of working test surface in a given temperature range with preliminary preset tension and elastic material pressing with preset force to working test surface for given period of time after temperature of working test surface in stabilization mode, with subsequent removal of clamping force and cooling of working test surface with further implementation of material tension with registration of dependence of tension force on stretching length of sample and temperature of preliminary heating of material. Proposed device comprises heat chamber and mechanism to measure tension force of protective threads and polymer belts. At that, the thermal chamber is a thermistol with linear temperature distribution along the thermistol working surface with the specified rate of increase °C/mm in preset temperature range relative to left and right edges of thermistor working surface and clamping mechanism with cover for pressing of protective threads and polymer tapes with preset force to working surface of thermistol for a certain period of time after temperature of working surface of thermistol reaches stabilization mode. Thermal head is located relative to mechanism of measurement of tension force of protective threads and polymer tapes with possibility of formation of small millimeter gap between working surface of table and protective thread or polymer tape to avoid their contact when heating thermistol to specified stabilization temperature, and the clamping mechanism is arranged so that during heating and cooling of the thermistol it is possible to supply the cover to the working surface of the thermistol with a gap of about 5 mm, during heating of the protective thread or polymer tape their clamping is performed with a given force to the working surface of the thermistol, and in operation moments of mechanism for measurement of tension force of protective threads and polymer tapes remove cover from working area.

EFFECT: considerable expansion of functional capabilities and improvement of quality of measurements of parameters of analyzed materials used in production of securities.

10 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of measuring technology and can be used to create devices and instruments for controlling the quality of elastic materials with a small cross section, preferably protective threads and polymer tapes with a applied thermal adhesive layer and a holographic pattern used in the manufacture of securities.

A device for testing tensile strength (or tension) under high temperature conditions and an assembly for measuring the elongation provided therein (US Patent Application US 2011126635 (A1) APPARATUS FOR TESTING TENSILE STRENGTH UNDER HIGH TEMPERATURE CONDITION AND UNIT FOR MEASURING ELONGATION PROVIDED IN THE SAME (published 2011-06-02)). A device for testing tensile strength under high temperature conditions includes a base part of the frame, a test specimen loader and a cylinder part connected to a part of the base frame and applying tensile force to the test specimen, and a heater to form a high temperature condition for the test specimen. An elongation measuring device includes a movable frame, a vertical rod and a part of the measuring head connected to a vertical rod for measuring the elongation of the test sample and blocking heat from the heater. Therefore, since the tensile strength and elongation of the test sample can be measured at high temperatures, it is possible to recognize the deformation characteristics of the material due to fire and prevent the deformation or damage of the elongation unit even under high temperature conditions, increasing the durability and reliability of the apparatus.

Another similar high temperature tensile material testing system and its testing method (Chinese Patent Application CN 104913981 (A) HIGH-TEMPERATURE IN SITU TENSION-FATIGUE TEST SYSTEM AND TEST METHOD THEREOF (published 2015-09-16)). The test system comprises a loading and tension detection unit, a loading and fatigue detection unit, an on-site monitoring unit, and a high temperature loading and detection unit. The loading and tension detection unit is driven by an engine and implements a quasistatic load through worms, gears and a ball screw; piezoelectric ceramic controls a flexible hinge for medium and low frequency reciprocating motion in the axial direction of tension of the test specimen to realize fatigue load; and an optical microscope dynamically monitors the test process to realize on-site observation. The test system has the advantages of a reliable principle, important scientific value, good application values and accurate testing and analysis of the relationship between the mechanical characteristics of the material of the test sample, the microstructure of the material and the mechanism of damage to deformation at high temperatures.

Both of these devices are similar to the proposed technical solution only in that they use the combined effects of tension (or tension) and temperature during testing. However, the devices are used to study the stability of metal structures to power and thermal effects, respectively, the measuring and temperature ranges of exposure are fundamentally different, respectively, the devices have relatively low measurement accuracy and other features also have significant differences.

A known method and device for testing the tensile strength of a material, especially an electrically conductive material, at a temperature above ambient temperature (international patent PCT application WO 2013025652 (A1) A METHOD FOR TESTING TENSILE STRENGTH OF AN ELECTRICALLY NONCONDUCTIVE MATERIAL (published 2013-02-21 )). The method includes installing a strip of test material between the upper and lower cartridges of a tensile testing machine; positioning means to create a stream of hot air adjacent to the strip so that the stream does not fall into the strip; heating the flow of hot air to a predetermined temperature above ambient temperature; moving the hot air stream so that the stream falls on the strip; and the beginning of a tensile test when a stream of hot air at a given temperature begins to heat the strip. This method is similar to the proposed one, in that the tests use the combined effect of tension and temperature and are in the range of heating and measurements close to the proposed technical solution, although it is rougher.

The main disadvantage of this analogue is the narrowness of functionality, namely: there is no possibility of creating a linearly varying temperature along the sample with the help of a hot air stream and its control, as well as pressing two bands of material against each other with a given force.

A high-temperature device for testing the tensile strength of a wire is known (Chinese Patent Application CN 104535432 (A) WIRE HIGH-TEMPERATURE DIRECT TENSILE STRENGTH TESTING DEVICE (published 2015-04-22). The test device for testing the strength of the wire at high temperature contains a sealed box (8), in which the stand (3) and a high-temperature furnace (4) are located in a sealed box (8). The support (5) is located on the base of the stand (3) and supports a high temperature furnace (4). The pin shaft (1) used to bind the wire is located on the site, directly opposite the middle of the high-temperature furnace (4), the beam on the top of the stand (3). Through holes for the passage of wire are formed in the middle of the upper surface and the lower surface of the high-temperature furnace (4). This device is similar to the proposed solution only in that the tests use the combined effects of tension and temperature and are closer to the measurement range in the proposed solution.

The main disadvantages of this analogue: the narrowness of functionality in terms of measurement and automation: by changing the weight of the load, you can determine the gap of the sample, or use its ruler to measure its elongation very roughly; in a high-temperature furnace it is impossible to create a linearly variable temperature; it is impossible to add two strips of the test material with a given pressure, then measure the strength of the adhesive delamination depending on the preheating temperature, etc.

Known METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DYNAMIC TESTING OF CUTTING WIRE (RF patent RU 2506558 (Published: 02/10/2014. Bull. No. 4)). A method for dynamically testing a cutting wire involves stretching it in a test setup, the stretching being carried out by pulling the wire through a temperature heating zone with predetermined temperature values and tension forces. The range of set temperatures is 50 ÷ 300 ° C, and the range of the tension force is 1000 ÷ 4500 MPa. The wire is tensioned when it is rewound, and the set temperature value is provided by the heater. Installation for implementing the inventive method includes supplying and receiving adjustable drives with coils, shafts with grooves for wire, tension regulators, guide rolls, heating element, temperature controller and infrared temperature sensor. In this case, the tension of the wire is controlled by a ballerina and is regulated by the difference in the rotational speeds of the feed and receiving drives, and the feed rate of the wire passing through the installation can be controlled by the braking system of the feed drive.

This method is similar to the proposed solution in that the tests use the combined effect of tension and temperature, and the rest of this analogue has narrow functional capabilities, like a rewinder with a strain gauge and thermal furnace, which will not allow to solve any problem from the list in the proposed solution.

Known VACUUM ELECTRIC FURNACE FOR STUDYING THE STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS ON EXPLOSIVE MACHINES (RF patent RU 163919 (Published: 08/20/2016 Bull. No. 23)). In a vacuum electric furnace to study the strength properties of materials on tensile testing machines, containing a water-cooled cylindrical body with a welded-in inspection window, two hinged end water-cooled covers mounted on rotary axes welded to a water-cooled cylindrical body, a cylindrical split screen insulation, consisting of two half-cylindrical halves, each of which is bolted to one of the hinged end water-cooled covers, electric heaters, according to useful model, detachable screen insulation is made with the possibility of formation in the place of closure of its two halves of the labyrinth connection.

This device is similar to the proposed device only in that the tests use the combined effects of tension and temperature, and in all other respects the narrowness and differences in functionality.

Known PORTABLE RIPPING MACHINE FOR TESTING THREAD UNDER SINGLE-SINGLE TENSION (RF patent RU2612949 (Published: 03/14/2017 Bull. No. 8)). The invention relates to techniques for testing and measurement, and in particular to devices for studying the mechanical properties of materials with a small cross section, preferably highly elastic filaments. The portable tensile testing machine contains a single-point trailer strain gauge mounted on a rigid frame, a stepper motor, a power supply and a driver for the stepper motor, and a microcontroller board. EFFECT: implementation of a portable device providing sufficient breaking capacity with minimum dimensions and weight, suitable for testing highly elastic filaments, meeting modern requirements for safety, energy saving, durability, ease of transportation, installation and operation, as well as reducing the cost of its acquisition and operation.

This device is closer to the proposed device in terms of the range of measurements of the tension force, but there is no heat chamber in the analogue and, accordingly, the complex effect of tension and temperature is not provided (i.e. narrow functionality).

The objective of the invention of the method is a significant expansion of functionality and improving the quality of measurements of the parameters of the investigated materials used in the production of securities, namely: testing of protective threads and polymer tapes under the influence of tension and temperature, including complex simultaneous exposure.

The way the main advanced functionality is:

- the possibility, for a given effort of pressing the thread to the thread or tape to the tape, to investigate the dependence of the separation strength of the protective threads or polymer tapes after activating the adhesive in a given temperature range;

- the possibility, for a given force of pressing the thread or tape on the paper, to study the dependence of the peeling force of the protective threads or polymer tapes on paper after activating the adhesive in a given temperature range;

- the ability to determine the drawing / shrinkage of the sample under the combined effects of tension and temperature on the protective thread or polymer tape;

- the ability to study the tendency to change visual holographic security features under the combined effects of tension and temperature on a protective thread or polymer tape.

Thus, the method of testing elastic materials with a small cross-section, preferably protective threads and polymer tapes, when subjected to tension and temperature, is characterized by the determination of separately, but by a single device, the parameters of adhesion, drawing / shrinkage, heat resistance of holographic images of elastic material in the process or after exposure to a linear distribution of the temperature gradient along the length of the working test surface in a given temperature range with a predetermined tension pressing and holding the elastic material with a predetermined force to the working test surface for a specified period of time after the temperature of the working test surface enters stabilization mode, followed by releasing the pressing force and cooling the working test surface with further tension of the material with registration of the dependence of the tensile force on the tensile length sample and material preheating temperatures.

The temperature distribution T (x) along the x-coordinate of the thermostat surface of the device implementing the method in the stabilization mode corresponds to the following formula:

, где t₁ и t₂ - температура термопар, установленных с левой и правой стороны рабочей поверхности термостола соответственно; Х₁ и Х₂ - координаты термопар, установленных с левой и правой стороны рабочей поверхности термостола соответственно.

where t ₁ and t ₂ - temperature of thermocouples installed on the left and right sides of the working surface of the thermostat, respectively; X ₁ and X ₂ - the coordinates of the thermocouples installed on the left and right sides of the working surface of the thermostat, respectively.

Additionally, to determine the parameters of the adhesive of the elastic material to the paper base, the response temperature of the adhesive of the elastic material at a given initial tension is determined by the dependence of the delamination force of a portion of two polymer threads or tapes folded with an adhesive layer to each other in the area of the working test surface that has undergone preliminary heating for a predetermined time linearly distributed temperature, and the adhesion force of the elastic material to paper is determined by the dependence of the peeling force material from paper in the area of the working test surface, subjected to pre-heating for a predetermined time, linearly distributed temperature, for a given pressure and at a given initial tension of the material.

Also, the drawing / shrinkage of polymer protective threads or tapes under the combined effects of tension and temperature is determined by the difference in the values of the longitudinal coordinate of the position of the carriage of the tension mechanism of the device in the mode of stabilization of the specified tension of the polymer thread or tape before and after heating the portion of the thread or tape with a predetermined uniformly distributed temperature along the thermostall for a predetermined period of time with a given effort of pressing the thread or tape with a clamping mechanism with a cover to the working surface of the thermostat.

Also, the maximum temperature resistance of holographic images of protective threads and polymer tapes under the combined influence of the tension force and heating temperature is determined by visual inspection of the protective thread or polymer tape in the area of the working surface.

The method also allows to significantly increase the accuracy, speed, automation of measurements carried out during quality control of protective threads and polymer tapes in production, as it allows you to set the linear rate of temperature rise in the range from 0.01 to 1 ° C / mm in the temperature range from 50 to 150 ° C relative to the left and right edges of the working surface of the thermostat of the device and set the clamping force in the range from 0 to 50 N and measure the tension in the range from 0.001 to 30,000 N.

The objective of the proposed device is a high-quality industrial implementation of the developed test method in a compact single-case software-hardware complex of desktop design.

A multifunctional device with the conventional mnemonic name ThermoTenzoTest is designed to control the quality of protective threads and polymer tapes under complex thermomechanical action. The device allows you to implement all of the above functional capabilities of the method, as well as to study the physical properties of protective threads and polymer tapes, namely: the dependence of the tensile force on the relative tensile strength in percent; display research results on the LCD; connect to an external personal computer to transfer current research data with their visualization in analytical and graphical form and further analysis and storage in a database with the ability to print.

A device based on the present invention allows for operational quality control of protective threads and polymer tapes under the combined influence of tension and temperature on them, both during their production and in the production of securities using these materials as visual protective signs.

To this end, the device for implementing the method comprises a heat chamber and a mechanism for measuring the tension force of protective threads and polymer tapes, the heat chamber being a thermostat with a linear temperature distribution along the working surface of the thermostat with a given slew rate ° C / mm in a given temperature range relative to the left and right edges the working surface of the thermostat and the clamping mechanism with a cover for clamping the protective threads and polymer tapes with a given force to the working surface of the thermostat for a specified period of time after the temperature of the working surface of the thermostat reaches stabilization mode, the thermostat is located relative to the mechanism for measuring the tensile strength of protective threads and polymer tapes with the possibility of forming a small millimeter gap (about 5 mm) between the working surface of the table and the protective thread or polymer tape to exclude touch them when the thermostat is heated to a predetermined stabilization temperature, and the clamping mechanism is located so that during heating and cooling of the thermostat the possibility of supplying the cover to the working surface of the thermostat with a gap (of the order of 5 mm), while heating the protective thread or polymer tape, press them with the specified force to the working surface of the thermostat, and at the moments of the mechanism for measuring the tension of the protective threads and polymer tapes cover from the work area.

In this case, the working surface of the thermostat consists of a rectangular metal plate with high thermal conductivity, along the edges of the long side of which are installed heating elements with adjustable heating power and cooling fans with adjustable speed to create a predetermined linear temperature distribution along the working surface of the thermostat, accelerated heating, stabilization and cooling.

The clamping mechanism with a cover is equipped with a rotation drive, in which the output shaft of the stepper motor gearbox is connected to the cover through a damping device with two degrees of freedom, a bridge, which is used as a strain gauge, and the cover consists of a metal base, the inner cavity of which is filled with a heat insulator, as well as a working the surface is covered with a thin layer of silicone heat-resistant heat-conducting rubber for a snug fit to the working surface of the thermostat.

The mechanism for measuring the tension force of protective threads and polymer tapes consists of a carriage with clamping jaws mounted on a precision ball platform with the possibility of its movement along the rail along the working surface of the thermostat, which is driven by a stepper motor through a gear mechanism with a toothed belt, two filling mechanisms with clamping jaws located on the left and right edges of the working area of the device and secured to the vertical frame through strain gauges, pairs of guide rollers, installed before one of the refueling mechanisms (in Fig. 1 - the left mechanism). In this case, the working surfaces of the clamping lips of the filling mechanisms for fixing one edge of the polymer thread or tape and the guide rollers for laying the thread or tape with the adhesive polymer layer to each other lie in the same plane parallel to the working surface of the thermostat with a small gap (about 5 mm) and parallel to the movement the working surface of the clamping jaws of the carriage with a small gap (of the order of 1 mm) for fixing the second edge of the polymer thread or tape.

Also, for operational control of the device and display of current information with test results, a remote control for input and display of information is intended, and for device configuration, saving test results to a digital database with printing, the device has an interface for connecting an external personal computer with a pre-installed software application.

List of figures

FIG. 1 is a top view of the device

FIG. 2 is a rear view of the device;

FIG. 3 is a side view of the device.

The implementation of the invention

The ThermoTenzoTest device, presented in three projections in FIG. 1,2,3, consists of the following main elements: thermostat (1), the heating and cooling unit of the thermostat (2), a clamping mechanism with a rotation drive and a strain gauge (3), a carriage with a linear displacement drive and a filling mechanism (4), left refueling mechanism with a strain gauge (5), the right refueling mechanism with a strain gauge (6), a pair of guide rollers (7), a remote control with an LCD display and a keyboard (8), a vertical bed (9), the base of the device (10), the device body ( 11), RS-232 electrical interface connector (12), electrical inter the PDI face (13), the external power switch (14), the connector for connecting the external power cord (15).

Thermostat parameters:

- size of the working surface - 100 × 25 mm;

- linear temperature distribution along the working surface with a maximum deviation in stabilization mode ± 1 ° C;

- a set range of operating temperatures on the left and right edges of the table from 50 ° C to 150 ° C with a sampling step of 1 ° C and an installation error not exceeding ± 1 ° C;

- the maximum time for heating the working surface to a predetermined temperature does not exceed 5 minutes;

- the maximum cooling time of the working surface to a temperature not exceeding 50 ° C, not more than 5 minutes.

Parameters of thermostat clamping cover:

- the pressure force of the cover to the working surface of the thermostat, set in the range from 0 to 50 N with a sampling step of 0.01 N;

- the error of stabilization of a given clip of the cover to the working surface of the thermostat does not exceed ± 0.05 N;

- uneven distribution of pressure of the cover on the working surface of the thermostat not more than ± 5%;

- the range of speeds of movement of the pressure cover from 0.02 to 5 rad / sec.

Explosive mechanism parameters:

- a scale for measuring the tension force of 0.001 N;

- error in measuring the tension force not more than ± 5%;

- maximum tension force of not more than 30 N;

- stabilization error of a given tension force not more than +0.005 N.

- the range of speeds of movement of the carriage of the explosive mechanism from 0.01 to 100 mm / s;

- the length of the working zone of movement of the carriage of the explosive mechanism 300 ± 0.5 mm

Thermostat with heating and cooling unit. The thermostat (1) consists of metal with high thermal conductivity, on the sides of which are installed heating elements and cooling fans with adjustable speed, placed in the heating and cooling unit of the thermostat (2). The heating and cooling unit of the thermostat (2) through heat-insulating gaskets is fixed to the base of the device (10).

To stabilize and control the linearity of the distribution of the current temperature along the working surface of the thermostat (1), three thermocouples are installed, in the center, on the left and right edges, connected to a low-current electronic signal processing unit with thermocouples. A low-current electronic signal processing unit with thermocouples in continuous mode via SPI channels provides information to the central processing unit (CPU) about the current surface temperature of the thermostat.

The CPU compares information about the current temperature of the thermostat surface with a given temperature and, based on the comparison results, sends signals to the power electronic control unit for heating and cooling the thermostat via PWM channels, which filters PWM signals, amplifies and supplies heating elements and fans of the thermostat heating and cooling unit . If the current temperature of the thermostat surface matches the specified CPU, it displays a message and switches to the stabilization mode of the thermostat surface temperature with an error of no more than ± 1 ° С.

, где t₁ и t₂ The temperature distribution T (x) along the x-coordinate of the thermostat surface in the stabilization mode corresponds to the following formula:

where t ₁ and t ₂

- the temperature of thermocouples installed on the left and right sides of the working surface of the thermostat, respectively; X ₁ and X ₂ - the coordinates of the thermocouples installed on the left and right sides of the working surface of the thermostat, respectively.

Clamping mechanism - cover with rotation drive and strain gauge

A clamping mechanism with a rotation drive and a strain gauge (3) for clamping the clamping cover of the test sample to the working surface of the thermostat (1), which consists of a metal base, the inner cavity of which is filled with a heat insulator, and the working surface is covered with a thin layer of silicone heat-resistant heat-conducting rubber for a snug fit the working surface of the thermostat (1). The rotation drive (the output shaft of the stepper motor gearbox) is connected to the clamping cover through a damping device with two degrees of freedom, a bridge, which is used as a strain gauge. The rotation drive gear assembly with the stepper motor through the bracket is fixed to the base of the device (10).

The maximum angle of elevation of the clamping cover relative to the working surface of the thermostat (1) is fixed by triggering the inductive sensor (mounted on the bracket) and is taken as the zero coordinate of the angle.

The stepper drive motor is used according to the bipolar switching circuit in synchronous control mode with frequency regulation of speed. When starting up, the CPU positions the stepper motor to the zero coordinate of the angle, then compares the specified angle coordinate with the current one and, based on the comparison results, it outputs high-frequency signals modulated by low-frequency sinusoidal control signals, phase shifted by π / 4 and taken modulo, to the power kinematic electronic control unit, which converts them into bipolar sinusoidal current control signals (using motor inductance) with the rotation drive fed to the windings of a stepper motor Nia.

In order to exclude sharp dynamic impacts and possible step loss at start, the stepper motor shaft gains the set rotation speed smoothly, and smoothly resets when stopped.

In the mode of stabilization of the pressure force of the pressure cover to the working surface of the thermostat, the CPU compares the specified pressure pressure of the cover with information continuously fed through the SPI channel of the low-current signal processing unit from the load cells from the bridge load cell of the rotation drive and generates control signals to the power electronic control unit for kinematics .

Digital synchronization of modulation of high-frequency signals by control sinusoidal signals of stepper motors allows to obtain a high discretization of the step on the gearbox shaft, namely, less than 0.1 arc second and, accordingly, stabilization of the clamping force of the cover with an error not exceeding ± 0.05N in the range of allowable clamping forces from 0 to 50H.

A carriage with a linear displacement drive and a filling mechanism (4) consists of a precision linear displacement bearing platform with an installed sponge clamping mechanism for gripping the test sample. The bearing platform is mounted on a linear displacement drive guide, which is driven by a stepper motor through a gear mechanism with a toothed belt. All static elements of the linear displacement drive are mounted on a vertical bed (9) attached to the base of the device (10). The starting position of the carriage position is fixed by triggering an inductive sensor (mounted on a vertical bed (9) next to the right filling mechanism with a strain gauge (6) and is taken as the zero coordinate of linear displacement.

The device’s filling system consists of a left filling mechanism with a load cell (5) through a load cell mounted on a vertical bed (9), a right filling system with a load cell (6) through a load cell mounted on a vertical bed (9) and a pair of guide rollers (7) mounted on vertical bed (9). The working surfaces of the filling mechanisms (5), (6) and the guide rollers (7) are located in the same plane parallel to the plane of the working surface of the filling mechanism of the carriage with a linear displacement drive and the filling mechanism (4), with a gap of 1 mm between parallel planes.

When starting up, the CPU positions the stepper motor with a linear displacement drive and a fueling mechanism 4 to the zero coordinate of the linear movement of the carriage, then compares the specified linear displacement coordinate with the current one and, based on the comparison results, outputs two high-frequency signals modulated by low-frequency sinusoidal control signals shifted along phase on l / 4 and taken modulo, to a power electronic control unit for kinematics, which converts them into bipolar sinusoidal current signals control channels (using motor inductance) with a linear displacement drive supplied to the windings of a stepper motor. In order to exclude sharp dynamic impacts and possible step loss at start, the stepper motor shaft gains the set rotation speed smoothly, and smoothly resets when stopped.

In the mode of stabilization of the tension of the test sample, fixed in the filling mechanism of the carriage with a linear displacement drive and the filling mechanism (4) and any of the two filling mechanisms with strain gauges (5) or (6), the CPU compares the specified tension force of the studied sample with information continuously supplied on the SPI channel from a low-current electronic block for processing signals from strain gauges and according to the results of the comparison, generates control signals to the power kinematics control unit.

Digital synchronization of modulation of high-frequency signals by control sinusoidal signals of stepper motors makes it possible to obtain a high discretization of the linear carriage pitch - 0.125 μm and, accordingly, stabilization of the tension force of the test sample with an error not exceeding ± 0.005 N in the range of tension forces from 0 to 30 N.

Remote input and display information

You can work with the ThermoTenzoTest device both in conjunction with a personal computer (PC) via the COM port via the RS-232 electrical interface, or in stand-alone mode, using presets from a PC and a remote control with an LCD display and keyboard (8) installed on the case devices (11).

To display current information, a built-in LCD with backlight is used, which allows displaying both graphic information and text information with an information capacity of 8 × 32 characters.

Information input and control tools:

- button with mechanical contact "Start";

- button with mechanical contact "Stop";

- button with mechanical contact "Material";

- button with mechanical contact "Mode";

- button with mechanical contact "right arrow";

- button with mechanical contact "left arrow";

- from a personal computer via the COM port via the RS-232 electrical interface.

To control the device, 6 keys are used with the inscriptions “Stop”, “Material”, “Mode”, “Start”, “left arrow”, “right arrow”.

The “Stop” key is used to urgently stop the operation of the device during the execution of various functions in various operating modes.

The “Start” key is used to start the device to perform various functions under various operating modes, including starting to continue operation when it stops after completing the specified function, as well as after an emergency stop by pressing the “Stop” key.

The “Material” key is used to select a sample in a given operating mode from pre-configured using a PC.

The “Mode” key allows you to select one of the set operating modes of the device.

The “left arrow”, “right arrow” keys are service keys and are used in some modes for linear movement of the carriage, in others - to view the graph on the device’s LCD display.

Software application

The software application is installed on a PC and is used for:

- settings of the device operation modes;

- settings of materials research parameters for each operating mode;

- plotting, printing and saving the results of studies received from the device in the database.

Examples of the method

Example 1: The proposed method, the temperature and adhesion force of the protective thread or polymer tape is determined automatically, in one cycle, in no more than 10 minutes, using a thermostat with a gradient temperature distribution along the working surface in a predetermined range from 70 to 120 ° C with a clip to it with a given force of two protective threads or polymer tapes laid with an adhesive layer to each other for a predetermined period of time, followed by release of the clamp and cooling of the working surface with further separation of the threads with by constructing a graph of the dependence of the tension force on the preheating temperature and determining, by inflection of the graph, the temperature and adhesion force of the protective thread (for comparison: determining the temperature and the adhesive force of the protective thread or polymer tape in the Russian industry for the manufacture and control of securities is usually carried out as follows : in a heat chamber heated to 70 ° C, two polymer threads or tapes are placed, pressed with an adhesive layer to each other with a given force using two calibrated meshes allic plates, for a given period of time, followed by removal from the heat chamber, cooling and delamination of these polymer threads or tapes on a tensile testing machine to determine the adhesion force, the described cycle is repeated with similar samples at temperatures of at least 80, 90, 100, 110, 120 ° C, based on the obtained points, a graph is built of the dependence of the separation strength of the test filament or polymer tape on the preheating temperature and the temperature and the adhesion force of the test protective thread or tape are determined by the inflection of the graph olimernoy. Considering that each cycle of this method takes at least 15 minutes, it takes at least an hour and a half to determine the temperature and the adhesive force of the tested protective thread or polymer tape).

Example 2: The proposed method, the temperature and adhesion force of the protective thread or polymer tape with paper is determined automatically, in one cycle, in no more than 10 minutes, using a thermostat with a gradient temperature distribution along the working surface in a predetermined range from 70 to 120 ° C with pressure to it with a predetermined force of the polymer filament or tape laid with an adhesive layer on the paper for a predetermined period of time, followed by releasing the clip and cooling the working surface with further peeling of the filament or tape measurement on paper with the construction of a graph of the dependence of the peeling force on the preheating temperature and the determination of the inflection of the temperature graph and the adhesion force of the protective thread or polymer tape to paper (for comparison: determining the response temperature and the adhesion force of the protective thread or polymer tape with paper in the Russian manufacturing industry and control of securities is carried out, as a rule, as follows: in a heat chamber heated to a temperature of 70 ° C, put a polymer thread or tape, pressed with adhesive lay on paper with a given force using two calibrated metal plates, for a given period of time, followed by removal from the heat chamber, cooling and peeling of the protective thread or polymer tape from paper on a tensile testing machine, to determine the adhesion force, the described cycle is repeated with samples at temperatures at least 80, 90, 100, 110, 120 ° С, according to the obtained points, a graph is plotted against the temperature of the preliminary heating of the peeling force of the polymer thread or tape from paper and the bend of the graph determines eraturu and adhesion strength of the security thread to paper. Considering that each cycle of this method takes at least 15 minutes, it takes at least one and a half hours to determine the temperature and the adhesion force of the protective thread or polymer tape with paper).

Example 3: The proposed method allows to determine the thermal drawing / shrinkage of the protective thread or polymer tape with a pre-set tension in automatic mode for no more than 10 minutes, using a thermostat with uniform distribution of the set temperature along the working surface with pressure against it with the set pre-tensioned thread or tape with a polymer tensioner for a given period of time, followed by releasing the clamp, cooling the working surface and fixing the result of the length difference a protective thread or polymer tape before and after temperature exposure is determined by the thermal hood with a positive result or shrinkage with a negative result of the test sample in percentage terms (for comparison: thermal shrinkage of a protective thread or polymer tape in the Russian industry for the manufacture and control of securities is carried out, as a rule, as follows: a sample is taken, usually 100 mm long, and placed in a heat chamber, preheated to 125 ° C for a given period of time, then taken they heal from the heat chamber, cool and measure the difference in the length of the sample before and after immersion in the heat chamber, which determines the percentage of thermal precipitation of the sample. The disadvantage of the traditional method is its low accuracy and the inability to set the preliminary tension of the sample with the force specified in the production of securities.

Example 4: The proposed method, the heat resistance of the hologram of the protective thread or polymer tape with pre-tensioning is determined in one cycle, for a period of not more than 10 minutes, using a thermostat with a gradient temperature distribution along the working surface in a predetermined range from 80 to 140 ° C with a clamp to it a predetermined force of a pre-tensioned filament or polymer tape for a predetermined period of time with subsequent release of the clamp and cooling of the working surface with a further visual inspection of the protective thread or flax You are polymeric to the subject to a preliminary gradient temperature effect with fixing the temperature in the zone where the holographic image begins to change (for comparison: the heat resistance of a hologram deposited on a protective thread or polymer tape is usually determined in the Russian securities manufacturing and control industry as follows: the sample is placed in a heat chamber preheated to a temperature of 80 ° C for a predetermined time interval, followed by extraction and cooling, the described cycle is repeated with about in samples at temperatures of at least 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140 ° С, then the test samples are laid next to each other by increasing the heating temperature and visually assessing the change in the holographic image with fixing the temperature of the sample preheating. The disadvantage of the traditional method is the long research time, at least one and a half hours and the absence of preliminary tension of the samples under study, with the force specified in the production of securities.

The procedure for working with the device implementing the test method

Turn on the device

After the power is supplied to the device, the information on the “*** ThermoTenzoTest ***” “VER_X_X” LCD will be displayed on the remote control panel and the device will switch to testing and positioning of the carriage drives and the thermostat pressure cover.

After successfully passing the test, the device will emit a sound signal and display on the LCD the current “Thread / Thread Adhesion” mode and the “Sample 1” test sample, the settings of which will be used in the current mode. The operation of the device in the mode “Adhesion thread / thread”

Step 1. Repeatedly pressing the “Mode” key, wait until “Adhesion of thread / thread” appears on the top line of the LCD display.

Step 2. Repeatedly pressing the “Material” key, wait until the name of the sample appears on the bottom line of the LCD display, the settings of which will be used in this mode.

Step 3. After pressing the “Start” key, the device will position the carriage drives and the thermostat pressure cover and move the carriage to the starting position with the LCD showing “Thread the thread and press the START key to continue”.

Step 4. Prepare a sample of a protective thread with a length of -550 mm and thread it into the filling mechanism of the device with an adhesive layer inside (thread to thread).

Step 5. After threading and pressing the “Start” key, the device will automatically perform the following series of actions:

1) stabilization of the minimum thread tension ;.

2) cover the thermostat cover to the level of thread tension;

3) heating the thermostat to the level of linear temperature distribution on the working surface with a given slope;

4) stabilization of temperature on the working surface of the thermostat;

5) pressing the cover to the working surface of the thermostat with a given force;

6) heating of a double thread, sandwiched between the cover and the working surface of the thermostat for the time specified in the settings;

7) ajar the thermostat cover and forced cooling of the surface of the thermostat to a temperature not exceeding 50 ° C;

8) opening the thermostat cover and the carriage exit to the starting position of separation of the threads;

9) separation of the threads (glued thread to the thread in the temperature zone of operation of the adhesive layer) at a given speed of movement of the carriage and registration of the current dependence of the efforts of the separation of the threads on the preheating temperature;

перегиба от минимального и максимального значений с выдачей информации на ЖК-дисплее;10) filtering the data of the dependence of the separation force of the threads on the preheating temperature and finding the adhesion point on the graph according to

inflection from the minimum and maximum values with the output of information on the LCD;

11) plotting on the LCD display a graph of the dependence of the separation force of the threads on the preheating temperature with a vertical marker on the graph of the found adhesion point.

Step 6. If necessary, a vertical marker along the graph using the “left arrow”, “right arrow” keys, the current values of the dependence of the thread separation force on the preheating temperature are viewed.

Step 7. After pressing the “Start” key, the following information “Delete the thread and press the START key to continue” will be displayed on the LCD.

Step 8. After removing the thread from the threading mechanism and pressing the “Start” key, the linear drive carriage will return to its original state and the device will be ready to continue working.

Operation of the device in the “Adhesion thread / paper” mode

Step 1. Repeatedly pressing the “Mode” keys, wait for the “Thread / paper adhesion” information to appear on the top line of the LCD.

Step 2. Repeatedly pressing the “Material” keys, wait until the name of the sample appears on the bottom line of the LCD display, the settings of which will be used by the device in this mode.

Step 3. After pressing the “Start” key, the device will position the carriage drives and the thermostat clamping cover and move the carriage to the starting position with the message “Fill the paper with paper and press the START key to continue” on the LCD.

Step 4. Prepare a specimen of protective thread with a length of -250 mm and a strip of paper ~ 250 mm long and 10 to 20 mm wide, and insert it into the filling mechanism of the device so that the thread rests with the adhesive layer on the paper.

Step 5. After refilling samples of yarn and paper with the “Start” key pressed, the device will automatically perform the following series of actions:

1) stabilization of the minimum thread tension;

2) cover the thermostat cover to the level of thread tension;

3) heating the thermostat to the level of linear temperature distribution on the working surface with a given slope;

4) stabilization of temperature on the working surface of the thermostat;

5) pressing the cover to the working surface of the thermostat with a given force;

6) heating the thread with paper sandwiched between the cover and the working surface of the thermostat, for the time specified in the settings;

7) ajar thermostat covers and forced cooling of the thermostat surface to a temperature not exceeding 50 ° С;

8) opening the thermostat cover and carriage exit to the starting position of the peeling of the thread from the paper;

9) peeling the yarn from the paper (glued in the temperature zone of operation of the adhesive layer of the yarn) at a given speed of movement of the carriage and recording the current dependence of the peeling force of the yarn from the paper at a given preheating temperature;

перегиба от минимального и максимального значений с выдачей информации на ЖК-дисплее;10) filtering the data of the dependence of the effort of delamination of the thread from paper at a preheating temperature, and finding the adhesion point by

inflection from the minimum and maximum values with the output of information on the LCD;

11) plotting on the LCD display a graph of the dependence of the peeling force of the yarn on paper at a preheating temperature with a vertical marker on the graph of the found adhesion point.

Step 6. If it is necessary to carry out a detailed analysis of the graph by moving the vertical bar along the graph using the “left arrow”, “right arrow” keys, the current values of the dependence of the effort on the stratification of the thread on the paper at a given preheating temperature are viewed.

Step 7. After pressing the “Start” key, the LCD will display the following information: “Remove the thread and paper and press the START key to continue.”

Step 8. After removing the thread with paper from the filling mechanisms and pressing the “Start” key, the linear drive carriage will return to its original state and the device will be ready to continue working.

The operation of the device in the "Thermal drawing / shrinkage of the sample"

Step 1. Repeatedly pressing the “Mode” key, wait until the information “Thermal extract / shrinkage of the sample” appears on the top line of the LCD display.

Step 2. Repeatedly pressing the “Material” key, wait until the name of the sample appears on the bottom line of the LCD display, the settings of which will be used in this mode.

Step 3. After pressing the “Start” key, the device will position the carriage drives and the thermostat pressure cover and move the carriage to the starting position with the display “Fill the sample and press the START key to continue” on the LCD.

Step 4. Prepare the test sample with a length of ~ 300 mm and insert it into the filling mechanism of the device.

Step 5. After refueling the sample and pressing the “Start” key, the device will automatically perform the following series of actions:

1) stabilization of the minimum tension of the sample and measurement of its length;

2) stabilization of a given sample tension (25 mN by default);

3) cover the thermostat cover to the level of sample tension;

4) heating the thermostat to the level of uniform temperature distribution on the working surface (default 140 ° C);

5) stabilization of the temperature on the working surface of the thermostat at a given level;

6) pressing the cover to the working surface of the thermostat with a given force (default 250 mN);

7) heating of the sample, sandwiched between the cover and the working surface of the thermostat for the time specified in the settings (default 180 sec.);

8) ajar the thermostat cover and forced cooling of the thermostat surface to a temperature not exceeding 50 ° C;

9) opening the thermostat cover and carriage exit to stabilize the minimum tension of the sample;

10) measurement of the length of the sample after thermal exposure at a given tension.

11) determination of the difference in length of the test sample before and after thermal exposure and display on the LCD in the form of hoods / shrinkages in percent.

Step 6. After pressing the “Start” key, the LCD will display the following information: “Remove the thread and press the START key to continue”.

Step 7. After removing the thread from the threading mechanism and pressing the “Start” key, the linear drive carriage will return to its original state and the device will be ready to continue working.

Operation of the device in the “Thermomechanical effect on the hologram” mode Step 1. Repeatedly pressing the “Mode” key, wait for it to appear on the top line

LCD display of information “Thermal action on a hologram”.

Step 2. Repeatedly pressing the “Material” key, wait until the name of the sample appears on the bottom line of the LCD display, the settings of which will be used by the device in this mode.

Step 3. After pressing the “Start” key, the device will position the carriage drives and the thermostat pressure cover and move the carriage to the start position with the LCD showing “Thread the thread and press the START key to continue”

Step 4. Insert a ~ 350 mm long sample of thread into the filling mechanism of the device with the specified initial tension (the current tension is displayed on the LCD of the device) and the hologram at the top.

Step 5. After threading and pressing the “Start” key, the device will automatically perform the following series of actions:

1) cover the thermostat cover to the level of thread tension;

2) heating the thermostat to the level of linear temperature distribution on the working surface with a given slope;

3) stabilization of temperature on the working surface of the thermostat;

4) pressing the cover to the working surface of the thermostat with a given force;

5) heating the thread sandwiched between the cover and the working surface of the thermostat, for the time specified in the settings;

6) ajar the thermostat cover and forced cooling of the thermostat surface to a temperature not exceeding 50 ° C;

Step 6. View the quality of the hologram on the thread in the area of the working surface of the thermostat, if defects are detected in the form of distortion or partial disappearance of the hologram, then moving the carriage along the working surface of the thermostat using the left arrow, right arrow button, stop the carriage over the thread section of interest and read the current temperature on the device’s LCD.

Step 7. After pressing the “Start” key, the following information “Delete the sample and press the START key to continue” will be displayed on the LCD.

Step 8. After removing the thread from the filling mechanisms and pressing the “Start” key, the linear drive carriage will return to its original state and the device will be ready to continue working.

Thus, the task of significantly expanding the functionality and improving the quality of measurements of the parameters of the studied materials used in the production of securities, namely: testing of protective threads and polymer tapes under the influence of tension and temperature, including complex simultaneous exposure, has been fully realized. The method also allows to significantly improve the accuracy, speed, automation of measurements carried out during quality control of protective threads and polymer tapes in production.

At the same time, a high-quality industrial implementation of the developed test method was performed in a compact single-case software and hardware complex of desktop design - a multifunctional device with the conventional mnemonic name ThermoTenzoTest, designed to control the quality of protective threads and polymer tapes under complex thermomechanical effects.

Claims (10)

1. The method of testing elastic materials with a small cross section, preferably protective threads and polymer tapes, under the influence of tension and temperature, characterized by the determination of separately, but by a single device, the parameters of adhesion, drawing / shrinkage, heat resistance of holographic images of the elastic material during or after exposure to a linear distribution of the temperature gradient along the length of the working test surface in a given temperature range with a predetermined tension and about by pressing the elastic material with a predetermined force to the working test surface for a specified period of time after the temperature of the working test surface enters stabilization mode, followed by releasing the pressing force and cooling the working test surface with further tension of the material with registration of the dependence of the tensile force on the tensile length of the specimen and preheating temperature of the material. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that to determine the parameters of the adhesive of the elastic material to the paper base, the response temperature of the adhesive of the elastic material at a given initial tension is determined by the dependence of the delamination strength of the area of two polymer threads or tapes folded with an adhesive layer to each other in the working area a test surface subjected to preliminary heating for a predetermined time by a linearly distributed temperature, and the strength of adhesion of the elastic material to paper is determined by the strength of the peeling material from the paper in the area of the working test surface, subjected to preliminary heating for a given time, linearly distributed temperature, for a given pressure and at a given initial tension of the material. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the drawing / shrinkage of the protective threads or polymer tapes under the combined influence of tension and temperature is determined by the difference in the values of the longitudinal coordinate of the position of the tension mechanism of the device in the mode of stabilization of the specified tension of the polymer thread or tape before and after heating the thread section or tape of a predetermined uniformly distributed temperature for a predetermined period of time for a given effort pressing the thread or tape. 4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the maximum temperature resistance of holographic images of protective threads and polymer tapes under the combined influence of tension and heating temperature is determined by visual inspection of the protective thread or polymer tape in the area of the working surface. 5. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that it allows you to set the linear rate of temperature rise in the range from 0.01 to 1 ° C / mm in the temperature range from 50 to 150 ° C relative to the left and right edges of the working surface of the device and set the force pressure in the range from 0 to 50 N and measure the tension in the range from 0.001 to 30,000 N. 6. The device for implementing the method according to claim 1, comprising a heat chamber and a mechanism for measuring the tension force of the protective threads and polymer tapes; a heat chamber is a thermostat with a linear temperature distribution along the working surface of the thermostat with a given slew rate ° C / mm in a predetermined temperature range relative to the left and right edges of the working surface of the thermostat and a clamping mechanism with a cover for clamping protective threads and polymer tapes with a given effort to the working the thermostat surface for a specified period of time after the temperature of the working surface of the thermostat reaches the stabilization mode, the thermostat is located relatively a mechanism for measuring the tension force of protective threads and polymer tapes with the possibility of forming a small millimeter gap between the working surface of the table and the protective thread or polymer tape to prevent them from touching when the thermostat is heated to a given stabilization temperature, and the clamping mechanism is positioned so that during heating and cooling thermostat to have the ability to bring the lid to the working surface of the thermostat with a small millimeter gap, while heating the protective thread or polymer tape s of a predetermined clamping force to the work surface termostola, and in the moments of the mechanism for measuring the tension force of security threads and ribbons of polymeric divert the lid from the work area. 7. The device according to p. 6, characterized in that the working surface of the thermostat consists of a rectangular metal plate with high thermal conductivity, along the edges of the long side of which are installed heating elements with adjustable heating power and cooling fans with adjustable speed to create a given linear temperature distribution along the working surface of the thermostat, accelerated heating, stabilization and cooling. 8. The device according to p. 6, characterized in that the clamping mechanism with a cover is equipped with a rotation drive, in which the output shaft of the stepper motor gearbox is connected to the cover through a damping device with two degrees of freedom, a bridge, which is used as a strain gauge, and the cover consists of a metal base, the inner cavity of which is filled with a heat insulator, and the working surface is covered with a thin layer of silicone heat-resistant heat-conducting rubber for a snug fit to the working surface of the thermostat. 9. The device according to p. 6, characterized in that the mechanism for measuring the tension force of the protective threads and polymer tapes consists of a carriage with clamping jaws mounted on a precision ball platform with the ability to move it along the rail along the working surface of the thermostat, for the movement of which is designed step the engine through a gear mechanism with a timing belt; two refueling mechanisms with clamping jaws located at the edges of the working area of the device and fixed to a vertical bed through strain gauges; pairs of guide rollers installed in front of one of the filling mechanisms; the working surfaces of the clamping lips of the filling mechanisms for fixing one edge of the thread or tape and the guide rollers for laying the thread or tape with an adhesive layer to each other lie in the same plane, parallel to the working surface of the thermostat with a malm gap (of the order of ~ 5 mm) and parallel to the movement of the working the surface of the clamping jaws of the carriage with a small gap (of the order of ~ 1 mm) for fixing the second edge of the thread or tape. 10. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that for the operational control of the device and display of current information with the test results, a remote control for inputting and displaying information is intended, and for setting up the device, storing the test results in a digital database with printing output, the device has an interface for connecting an external personal computer with a preinstalled software application.

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