RU2704573C1 - Fire tube boiler of solid fuel speed burning - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering; municipal services.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of municipal energy, in particular to boiler equipment. Solid-fuel fire tube boiler comprises screw feeder-fuel mixer, horizontal cylindrical tank filled with boiler water, flame tube, cylindrical fire rotary chamber, slag shaft, a nozzle system for supply and distribution of air, smoke tubes and a pendulum-type shuffling plate system, wherein the fuel feeder-mixer is arranged in the boiler water volume under the flame tube horizontally with the unit for passage through the boiler rear wall and the slag shaft, it ends at front wall of flame tube by stoker (unloader) in form of reverse helical turn, and by its upper open part feeder-mixer communicates with fire space of flame tube along its lower generatrix.

EFFECT: invention is intended for forced combustion of solid lump fuel in a fire tube boiler, including for combustion of coal scabs, and also for operation in conditions of Far North.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of municipal energy, in particular, to boiler equipment, and is intended for forced combustion of solid lump fuel in a fire tube boiler, including for burning coal mines, as well as for working in the Far North.

It is known that to ensure intense combustion of solid fuel, it is necessary to prepare it before entering the boiler furnace by preliminary grinding to the desired fraction, defrost, if necessary, dry and warm, optimally to the state of gasification. If coal is crushed and thawed outside the furnace volume, coal drying, heating and gasification are carried out in the furnace volume as a natural beginning of the fuel combustion process, and therefore the less prepared the fuel, the smaller the area occupied by the active combustion mirror.

The objective of the invention is to provide a highly efficient fire-tube boiler for high-speed burning of solid fuel, including coal mines, by introducing fuel already prepared for intense combustion into the boiler tube.

The closest in essence and design to the present invention is a well-known solid fuel fire tube boiler for burning lump fuel, providing for layer-by-layer burning of coal using a device of pendulum-type screwing strips for transverse mixing of the layer and moving it along the flame tube towards the slag mine, containing the flame tube, fire rotary chamber, smoke exhaust pipes, slag mine, air nozzle distribution system (RU No. 2623594, cl. F23B 30/10, F23J 1/00) - prototype.

A disadvantage of the known fire tube boiler is the lack of a built-in device for introducing into the fire tube the maximum fuel prepared for combustion for the purpose of forced combustion, which does not allow the full use of the volume of the flame tube of the known boiler for combustion.

The technical result of the task is achieved by the fact that the fire tube contains screw feeder - a fuel mixer, a horizontal cylindrical tank filled with boiler water, a flame tube, a cylindrical fire rotary chamber, a slag shaft, a nozzle system for supplying and distributing air, smoke tubes and a system of pendulum-type screwing bars, while the feeder - fuel mixer is located in a water the volume of the boiler under the heat pipe horizontally with the passage through the rear wall of the boiler and the slag shaft, it ends at the front wall of the heat pipe with a stoker (unloader) in the form of a full spiral turn, and with its upper open part, the feeder - mixer communicates with the firing space of the flame tube along its lower generatrix.

In FIG. 1 and 2 schematically depict longitudinal and transverse (A - A) sections of a fire tube boiler, which contains feeder - mixer fuel (1), horizontal cylindrical boiler water tank (2), flame tube (3) with a fire rotary chamber (4) with exhaust smoke pipes (5) and a cooled slag mine (6), horizontal run (7), rigid rods ( 8), screwing strips (9 and 10), nozzles supplying air for fuel combustion (11) and for afterburning of ablation (12), drive drive (13), stocker (14), service hatches (15).

The invention has the following main differences from the prototype and known technical solutions:

- the presence of a mixer feeder, which, by mixing the source coal with already burning fuel, which enters there from the flame tube through the open flange of the mixer-feeder while pendulum swaying of the screwing bars, allows to receive dried and pre-ignited fuel ready for ignition at the entrance to the flame tube;

- the presence of a stocker allows you to load heated and gasifying fuel at the beginning of the flame tube under the stream of primary air to ignite it.

The boiler operates as follows.

All the necessary operations on the steam-water path are preliminarily performed, including water cooling of the system of screwing strips: network water for the boiler, feed water for the steam boiler or boiler water using a circulation pump.

The boiler is ignited using wood loaded through service hatches or other easily flammable solid fuel, while the kindling fuel is blown through the nozzles 11. As the boiler heats up with kindling fuel, the feeder-mixer (1) smoothly fills with initial fuel at low speeds, at the same time, fuel consumption is increased, since part of it falls into the feeder-mixer, mixing with the original fuel, and heats it. After the feeder-mixer is completely filled, the fuel mixture heated to the gasification state is introduced from the feeder-mixer into the heat pipe by a stoker. At the same time, a system of pendulum-type screwing strips is included in the operation for the controlled advancement of the fuel mixture through the flame tube; the fuel mixture is mixed with burning kindling solid fuel and, falling under the jets of primary air, intensely ignites, as it is already prepared for this. Then increase the air supply through the nozzle 11 for blowing the burning fuel and turn on the air supply through the nozzle 12 for afterburning entrainment and chemical burnout. Intensive combustion of fuel gradually spreads over the entire length of the flame tube from the front wall to the slag mine. The screwing slats provide lateral mixing and longitudinal movement of the burning fuel through the flame tube to the slag mine, and the feeder-mixer with the stocker provide drying, heating, gasification and fuel injection into the boiler flame tube.

The flue gases from the burnt fuel through the fire rotary chamber with a rotation of 180 ° are introduced into the smoke pipe system, where they are cooled, transferring heat to the boiler water, and leave the boiler.

Before turning the gases in the rotary chamber, they are blown with secondary air from the nozzles 12, as a result of the turning of the hot gases, they are transversely mixed, while fine entrainment and chemical combustion (carbon monoxide) are burned up, which increases the efficiency of fuel combustion.

The claimed invention allows economically burning coal mines (the composition of the fine fraction of 0-2 mm in the mines up to 20%), since the coal fines in the mixer-feeder are gasified faster than large fractions, then in the flame tube for this reason it blows out when blown with air into smoke pipes.

When working in the Far North, where coal from the warehouse can be delivered frozen for burning (in stationary defrosting devices, only the walls of a car or car with coal are thawed in order to ensure unloading), there is a problem of burning frozen coal. In this regard, when using the claimed invention, the preliminary thawing and heating of frozen coal is ensured by its heating in the mixer-feeder with the discharge of the formed moisture to the outside, for which drainage is provided under the stocker.

Thus, the claimed invention solves the problem of creating a highly efficient of a fire-tube boiler for high-speed burning of solid fuel, including coal mines, by introducing fuel already prepared for intensive combustion into the boiler tube.

Claims (1)

A fire tube of high-speed burning of solid fuel, containing a screw fuel feeder-mixer, a horizontal cylindrical tank filled with boiler water, a flame tube, a cylindrical fire rotary chamber, a slag shaft, a nozzle system for supplying and distributing air, smoke tubes and a system of rustling pendulum strips, characterized the fact that the fuel feeder is located in the water volume of the boiler under the flame tube horizontally with the node of passage through the rear wall of the boiler and the slag shaft, while nchivaetsya at the front wall of the flame tube stoker as an inverse helical coil, and its upper open part of the mixer-feeder communicates with a firing space of the flame tube at its lower generatrix.

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