RU2701656C1 - Meat production and quality enhancement agent of broiler chicken meat under conditions of technological stresses - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to veterinary science, in particular to an agent for increasing meat efficiency and quality of broiler chicken meat under conditions of technological stresses. Agent contains lithium carbonate, succinic acid, L-carnitine, zinc sulphate, manganese sulphate, copper sulphate, betaine, wherein components are taken in certain proportions.

EFFECT: use of the invention will make it possible to activate adaptation processes in the bird body and stabilize metabolism, due to which meat efficiency of broiler chickens as well as meat quality is improved.

1 cl, 5 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to veterinary medicine, in particular to biologically active feed products for broiler chickens, which allows to increase meat productivity and meat quality under conditions of technological stress due to specific anti-stress effects, general stimulation of metabolism and antioxidant action.

The technical field to which the invention relates.

The invention relates to veterinary medicine, in particular to feed additives that increase meat productivity and meat quality, with a specific anti-stress and pronounced metabolic and antioxidant effects.

Studies conducted by numerous authors have successfully proven the negative impact of stress on the growth, development, productivity and quality of poultry meat. Stress factors cause morphological changes in organs and tissues and their dysfunction due to the influence of stressors on the functioning of the nervous and endocrine systems of the body. As a result, animal feed intake, meat productivity and the quality of poultry meat are reduced, and at the same time, the demand for vitagens to counteract stress is increased.

Fisinin, V.I. Effective protection against stress in poultry farming: from vitamins to vitagens / V.I. Fisinin, P.F. Suray // Bird and poultry products. - 2011. - No. 5. - S. 23-26.

To increase the meat productivity and quality of poultry meat by preventing stress caused by industrial technologies of keeping and slaughter, substances from different pharmacological groups are used. However, an analysis of the studies revealed that the use of specific antistress agents in combination with substances that have a stimulating effect on metabolism in animals gives the highest possible effect, since the principle of synergism and potentiation of pharmacological effects is manifested.

State of the art

A group of authors developed a means of preventing stress in poultry using pharmacological agents from the group of tranquilizers. The phenazepam tranquilizer and eleutherococcus extract were used, which showed high safety of the poultry stock (95-90%) and additional weight gain in relation to the control group.

Gadzaonov, R.Kh. Stress Prevention in Industrial Poultry / R.Kh. Gadzaonov, A.R. Gabeeva, A.R. Gabolaev et al. / Materials of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference // Achievements of Science for Agriculture in Vladikavkaz: Mountain State Agrarian University, 2017. - P. 163-167.

The disadvantages of this method are: the lack of a dosage form of phenazepam approved for use in veterinary medicine. Phenazepam is listed by the UN Commission on Narcotic Drugs in the list of substances subject to special control, the use of the proposed scheme necessitates the individual administration of drugs, which complicates their use in industrial poultry farming.

The UN Commission added phenazepam to the list of controlled substances [Electronic resource]: ria.ru [website]. - Access mode: URL: https://ria.ru/world/20160318/1392463665.html (accessed date: 10/16/2018).

Engashev SV. et al. proposed a method of stopping the thermal stress of broilers. The method is characterized by introducing into the diet an antioxidant 3-hydroxypyridine structure, namely a complex of 3- (2,2,2-trimethylhydrazinium) propionate-2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine disuccinate in therapeutic doses. Using the invention allows to increase the safety of the poultry stock under thermal stress by 1.04% and to increase the average daily gain by 7.7%.

Pat. 2602199 Russian Federation, IPC A61K 31/4412, A61D 99/00 Method for relieving heat stress of chickens / CB. Engashev and others, - publ. 11/10/2016.

The disadvantage of the proposed method is the high cost of the drug (4290 rubles per 1 liter), the absence of a large finished dosage form for broiler chickens for industrial crosses, and additional costs for feeding the solution to broiler chickens.

Emidonol 20% oral solution 1000 ml [Electronic resource]: http://horseapteka.ru [website]. - Access mode: URL: http://horseapteka.ru/product/rsov00154-4-emidonol-20--rastvor-oralniy-1000 (accessed: 10.16.2018).

A known method of using the feed additive "Ceaur" for the prevention of stress factors in poultry, including the introduction of additives in the amount of 5-6% by weight of the main diet of the bird for 7-14 days. As a result of the studies, it was found that the claimed feed additive has a positive effect on the clinical condition of chickens, contributes to an increase in the average daily gain in live weight of chickens.

Pat. 2616411 Russian Federation, IPC A23K 50/75 Feed additive for the prevention of stress factors in birds and the method of feeding / O.A. Donchenko and others, - publ. 04/14/2017.

The disadvantage of this method is the difficulty in preparing the feed additive. The preparation includes the following steps: Tirazol-C (0.06 g) is dissolved in 100 ml of distilled water, this solution is introduced (irrigated) in 99.06 to 100 g of zeolite-sahaptin, then it is thoroughly mixed in mixers and dried on shelves in gentle operation 30-40 ° C until constant humidity. As a result of irrigation and drying, Aurol (Tirazol-S) is adsorbed on zeolite-sahaptin.

However, the described preparation is laborious and requires the use of additional equipment, which is undoubtedly a disadvantage of the method.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved positive effect and accepted by the authors for the prototype is the use of the pharmacological complex of SPAO (stress protector antioxidant). The preparation is a white powder that is highly soluble in water (16.95 g / 100 g at 20 ° C) and is used 5 days before slaughter of chickens through the nipple-type drinking system Dosatron D 25 RE 2 / 0-2-%.

Pat. 2580761 Russian Federation, IPC A61K 31/00, A61K 31/70, A61K 31/194, A61K 31/197, A61K 31/375, A61P 43/00 Means for the prevention of stress in hens / A.V. Miftakhutdinov et al. - publ. 04/10/2016.

During the growing period, the average daily gain of the experimental chickens was higher than in the control, by an average of 1.1 g, or 1.8%, due to which their body weight was more by 43 g. At the final stage of feeding during use of the SPAO complex , the safety of the chickens of the experimental group was higher than in the control, by 0.6%. After the slaughter in the experimental group, 48% of carcasses of the 1st grade were obtained, in the control - 42%. The number of injuries sustained by chickens in the process of slaughter in the experimental group was less than the control, by 35.6%. This result was achieved due to a decrease in the number of bruises, bruises and bruises by 31.6%, dislocations, closed fractures - 2.5 times, open fractures - 25%, and point hemorrhages - 2 times. The use of the SPAO-complex at the final stage of broiler growing increased the economic efficiency of production due to an increase in the quantity of products and an increase in their quality, and also contributed to profit of 1.82 rubles. for each invested 1 rub. costs.

Miftakhutdinov, A.V. Stress Prevention in the Production of Broiler Chicken Meat / A.V. Miftakhutdinov, O.A. Velichko, S.V. Shabaldin et al. // Achievements of science and technology of the agro-industrial complex. - 2017. - No. 11. - S. 68-71.

The disadvantage of this method is the high cost of the components of the SPAO-complex and the need to use the drug through the watering system, which is quite laborious since it requires additional labor for the preparation of the solution and necessitates the use of special equipment for accurate dosing of drugs in the form of Dosatron D 25 RE 2/0 medications -2-%.

The technical task is to develop a feed additive for broiler chickens, in the form of a complex that includes components that provide a high stress-protective, antioxidant effect and influence on the metabolic processes of the body under conditions of technological stress.

The aim of the invention is to increase meat productivity and quality of poultry meat, by reducing the sensitivity of chickens to stress, the antioxidant effect of the components of the feed additive and its effect on the metabolic processes of the body.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the developed preparation can be used in the composition of combined feed for chickens as a biologically active feed additive and includes succinic acid, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, lithium carbonate, L-carnitine, betaine in the following ratios succinic acid 37.0-38.0; L-carnitine 5.0-6.0; copper sulfate 2.6-2.8; zinc sulfate 11.5-11.7; manganese sulfate 11.5-11.7; lithium carbonate 16.5-16.7; betaine 14.0-15.0.

The invention provides an increase in meat productivity and quality of poultry meat against the background of anti-stress and antioxidant effects and general stimulating effect on metabolic processes in the poultry.

To achieve an anti-stress pharmacological effect by the means described in the prototype, per 1 kg of body weight, a broiler chicken needs 925 mg of SPAO-complex per course of use. The scheme includes 5 applications before slaughter of chickens.

The inventive tool allows you to optimize the process of giving the feed additive by including in the composition of the finish feed and reduces the complexity of the method compared to the prototype. The recommended scheme includes the use of a feed additive daily 4-5 days before slaughter through a feed in a dose of 1693 g per 1 ton of feed or 440-552 mg of feed additive per 1 kg of body weight of chickens.

The action of the feed additive is due to the fact that the anti-stress effect of trace elements: lithium, manganese, zinc, copper is enhanced by potentiating the action of additional components with a pronounced antioxidant and stress-protective effect, properties to stimulate metabolism, which can effectively prevent technological stresses in poultry farming.

Succinic acid is a universal intermediate metabolite formed during the interconversion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats and an antioxidant. Helps to strengthen the central link of intracellular energy - increase the oxidation of succinic acid and the activity of succinate dehydrogenase of the respiratory chain of mitochondria; a significant acceleration of the formation of ATP and reducing equivalents, as well as stabilization of the membrane potential of both mitochondrial and cell membranes. Succinic acid compounds are adaptogens for hypoxia and intoxication. In poultry farming, succinic acid is recommended to mitigate the effects of various kinds of stress on the bird, as a growth and productivity stimulator, as well as an immunoprotector.

Naydensky, M.S. Application of succinic acid to stimulate the growth and development of chickens / M.S. Naydensky, V.V. Nesterov, R.Kh. Karmoliev et al. // Veterinary medicine. - 2002.-№12. - S. 44-46.

Known anti-stress activity of some trace elements and their salts, in particular, the effectiveness of lithium carbonate as an anti-stress drug in transplanting and transporting chickens in industrial poultry farming has been proven.

Mullakaeva, L.A. Status and ways to increase the natural resistance of chickens in industrial poultry farming. Abstract of dissertation for the degree of candidate of veterinary sciences. Kazan, 1991 .-- 24 p.

Zinc is part of more than 200 metal enzymes and affects cell growth and division, skin condition, plumage, osteogenesis, wound healing, reproductive function, immune system, cellular respiration, brain development, behavior, etc. Zinc deficiency causes growth arrest, testis atrophy. , decreased egg production, impaired egg shell formation.

Georgievsky, V.I. Mineral nutrition of poultry / V.I. St. George's. - Moscow: Kolos, 1970 .-- 327 p.

Manganese in birds activates numerous enzyme processes, affects blood formation, exhibits antioxidant properties, takes part in fat utilization, counteracts liver degeneration, improves the quality of egg shells, improves the condition of embryos, affects the action of vitamins B, E, C and minerals - iron, calcium, phosphorus, improves the functioning of the endocrine glands, helps to maintain reproductive function. It has been established that with a decrease in the manganese content in the body, the process of ossification increases. Lack of manganese leads to a decrease in insulin synthesis, a decrease or loss in the ability to reproduce, anemia, disruption of bone formation, perosis. In an adult bird, egg production and hatchability are reduced.

As an integral part of metalloproteins, copper regulates the redox processes occurring in the body. As part of the hormones, copper affects the metabolism, growth and development, the content of vitamin B ₁₂ and C in the liver, enhances the action of insulin and pituitary hormones. As part of the enzymatic link of the antioxidant system, it has a pronounced effect on the processes of lipid peroxidation and the undesirable formation of oxidative modifications of proteins.

Mikulets, Yu.I. Biochemical and physiological aspects of the interaction of vitamins and bioelements / Yu.I. Mikulets, A.R. Tsyganov, A.N. Tishenkov et al. - Sergiev Posad, 2002. -191 p.

L-Carnitine is a natural compound that occupies a key place in animal energy metabolism. Lack of this substance leads mainly to a weakening of the conversion of energy and membrane functions. The main role of L-carnitine in energy production is the delivery of fatty acids from the cell cytoplasm to the inner space of mitochondria, in addition, it is involved in the metabolism of ketones in the body, in the regulation of glycogen synthesis and the formation of ATP, stimulates the oxidation of acetoacetate, is involved in ketogenesis and thermoregulation in fatty tissues . The use of carnitine in laying hens rations makes it possible to obtain and increases their preservation in the productive period by 2.8%, and the egg production rate by 2.5%.

Bogomolova, R.A. An effective additive to increase bird productivity / R.A. Bogomolova // Compound feed. - 2007. - No. 6. - S. 78-79.

Betaine helps maintain the osmotic balance in the intestines and cells under stress, prevents disturbances caused by osmotic shock at high temperatures, and reduces the negative effects of feed stressors and mycotoxins.

Fisinin, V.I. Effective protection against stress in poultry farming from vitamins to vitagens / V.I. Fisinin, P. Surai // Bird and poultry products. - 2012. - No. 1 - S. 12.

Comparative analysis with the prototype allows us to conclude that the claimed feed additive is different in that the components included in its composition complement and reinforce each other’s action - the pronounced anti-stress effect of trace elements: lithium, copper, manganese and zinc is enhanced by osmoprotector betaine and antioxidant activity of succinic acid ; succinic acid, L-carnitine, lithium carbonate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate and copper sulfate have a pronounced effect on metabolism, have adaptogenic properties and allow the formation of a mechanism that helps compensate the body's costs, which increase significantly with stress.

Distinctive features of the invention in comparison with the prototype is the use of components such as copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, lithium carbonate and betaine, as well as the method of using the feed additive with feed.

The invention can be used in agriculture, which meets the criterion of "industrial applicability"

An analysis of known pharmacological agents and feed additives allows us to conclude that they lack features similar to the significant distinguishing features in the claimed substance (product), which meets the criterion of "novelty."

Execution Example 1.

The process of slaughtering chickens includes starvation, loading, transportation, stunning and slaughter. Each of these stages is, in its own way, a stress factor for the bird organism. To assess stress and compensate for it with the prototype and the studied feed additive, the methodology for calculating the ratio of heterophiles to lymphocytes in the blood (G / L) was applied, growth and weight characteristics of the bird, safety and efficiency coefficient adopted in poultry farming were established.

The experiment was carried out in an experimental building with floor-standing broilers. For the experiment, 3 groups of broiler chickens were selected, 6,000 animals each. The first group served as control, the second group (experiment 1) - the experimental group, where the influence of the prototype was studied, the third group (experiment 2) - the experimental group, where the actions of the developed feed additives were evaluated.

The bird of the control group, in addition to the main diet, did not receive any pharmacological preparations and feed additives.

In the first experimental group of broiler chickens, the SPAO complex was used at a dose of 925 mg / kg body weight, the scheme included 5 applications before the slaughter of chickens. The SPAO complex was administered through the Dosatron D 25 RE 2 / 0-2-% medication system.

In the second experimental group, a feed additive in a dose of 1693 g per 1 ton of feed or 440-552 mg of feed additive per 1 kg of body weight of chickens was introduced into the composition of the recipe for the production of feed. The proposed scheme included 5 applications of feed additives daily 5 days before slaughter through feed.

Feeding the birds of the experimental and control groups was carried out in accordance with the approved diets. Watering control and experimental groups were identical. The regulation of the zoo-hygienic conditions of the maintenance of the experimental and control groups was carried out in compliance with technological regulations, in accordance with the requirements of the cross. The prophylaxis scheme for viral and bacterial diseases corresponded to the regulations and instructions adopted in veterinary medicine.

Statistical analysis of experimental data was carried out using the program Statistica 6.1. Statistical reliability in the work was calculated using average values and normal distribution of data using t-student test and one-way analysis of variance.

Note: P1 - reliability when comparing 1 group with control; P2 - reliability when comparing 2 groups with control; P3 - reliability when comparing 1 and 2 experimental groups with each other

The dynamics of the G / L indicator in the control group clearly showed pronounced stress for broiler chickens, especially at the stage of fasting and transportation. The use of the prototype and the recommended feed additives made it possible to level the stress effect of factors on the bird organism. Moreover, it was the feed additive that reduced the estimated indicator more intensively in comparison with the prototype.

The most pronounced changes in the ratio of blood cells occurred at the evaluation stages after fasting and transportation. So, the use of feed additives allowed to reduce the estimated indicator by 61.3 and 65.4%, and the prototype by 40.3 and 51.4%, respectively.

In order to compare the influence of the feed additive and the prototype on the growth and development of broiler chickens, the average daily gain, the coefficient of efficiency and the safety of the bird were evaluated. The data obtained allow us to say about the stimulation of metabolic processes in the bird's body by reducing pre-slaughter stress.

Note: P1 - reliability when comparing 1 group with control; P2 - reliability when comparing 2 groups with control; P3 - reliability when comparing 1 and 2 experimental groups with each other

Compared with the prototype, the use of which allowed to increase the average daily gain for the experiment period by 0.6%, the feed additive increased the gain by 0.7%, respectively, compared with the control group.

The efficiency ratio of the use of the prototype in birds amounted to 310 units, which is 3.0% higher than the control, whereas in the second experimental group this indicator was higher by 13.6% in comparison with the control.

Improving the safety of birds in the experimental groups had the same tendency and amounted to 1.1 and 1.5% in 1 and 2 experimental groups relative to the control.

An analysis of the obtained data indicates that the bird experiences stress of various genesis during slaughter, while the use of the prototype and feed additives stabilizes the adaptation processes in the body and stimulates the metabolic processes, as evidenced by the increase in the average daily gain and the safety of the birds of the experimental groups. In a comparative aspect, the use of a feed additive is more effective, since the indicators G / L, average daily gain and safety prevailed over the prototype.

An example of implementation 2.

In order to study the effect of the feed additive on meat productivity and quality of poultry meat under conditions of technological stresses, the weight and growth characteristics of broiler chickens, the yield of carcasses of category 1, the level of defects, the fat and protein content in meat were evaluated.

The experiment was carried out in the experimental building of the poultry complex. To assess the influence of the prototype and feed additives on the principle of pairs of analogues, 3 groups of broiler chickens were selected, in each group there were 6,000 broiler chickens. The control was the 1st group, where in addition to the main diet, no pharmacological preparations and feed additives were used, the effect of the prototype was studied on the bird of the 2nd group, and the developed feed additive was used on the chickens of the 3rd group.

The SPAO-complex was administered to a group 2 bird through the Dosatron D 25 RE 2 / 0-2-% mediator system, at a dose of 925 mg / kg body weight, the schedule included 5 applications before slaughter of chickens.

The proposed feed additive in a dose of 440-552 mg / kg body weight was used on the bird of the second experimental group, daily 5 days before slaughter through the feed.

The conditions of keeping, feeding and drinking were identical, in accordance with technological regulations and rations, in accordance with the requirements of cross-country.

Using the program Statistica 6.1. conducted statistical analysis of experimental data using Student t-test and one-way analysis of variance.

Note: P1 - reliability when comparing 1 group with control; P2 reliability when comparing 2 groups with control; P3 reliability when comparing 1 and 2 experimental groups with each other

As a result of evaluating the growth and weight indicators of the bird, data were obtained that testified to the advantage of using a feed additive.

On average, over the period of the experiment, the average daily gain in the 1st experimental group was higher than the control by 4.3%, compared with the prototype, in the application of which this indicator increased by 1.8%. This is explained by the best eatability of feed, the consumption of which at 6 weeks of experience increased to 22.5%, with a feed conversion of 4.4%. In general, the efficiency coefficient in the experimental group was higher than the control by 35.6 units, which is quite significant compared to the prototype (16.2 units). The safety of the poultry of the experimental group increased to 96.6%, which is 2.2% higher than the control. According to the data presented in the prototype when using the drug, the safety of the bird was higher in comparison with the control by 0.6%.

The meat yield in the 1st experimental group was higher by 0.6, the second - 1.3% relative to the control. An increase in the output level of carcasses of category 1 in the 1st experimental group to 56.2% and a decrease in technical waste by 0.4% were noted. The advantage of this method of application is evidenced by the high yield of poultry carcasses of category 1 compared with the prototype, where there was an increase in the number of carcasses of category 1 to 79.1%.

The carcasses of the bird which gave the feed additive differed from the control and prototype in the number of defects. We did not take into account technological defects associated with the primary processing of poultry (scalding, plucking, removal of internal organs and cooling), since the preparation and feed additive did not affect their presence or absence.

In the 1st experimental group, in comparison with the control, the number of bruises, bruises and hematomas decreased by 23.5%, dislocations and closed fractures - 20.0%, open fractures - 33.3. In the group where the prototype was used, the number of bruises, bruises and hematomas decreased by 29.4%, dislocations and closed fractures - 60.0%, open fractures - 33.3%. The data obtained indicate a decrease in pre-slaughter injuries when using the prototype and feed additives and the advantage of the latter.

Note: P1 - reliability when comparing 1 group with control; P2 - reliability when comparing 2 groups with control; P3 - reliability when comparing 1 and 2 experimental groups with each other

Assessment of the chemical composition of poultry meat showed pronounced changes in protein and fat. Thus, the protein content in white meat of poultry 1 and 2 of the experimental group was higher by 12.4 and 15.2%, in red meat by 1.2 and 4.1% and in minced meat by 18.8 and 5.8% by compared to control. Moreover, in the group where the feed supplement was used, the protein content in the fillet, legs and minced meat was higher compared to the group in which the preparation “SPAO-complex” was given to the bird by 2.5, 2.9 and 2.0%, respectively. It is worth noting that the use of the prototype and feed additives made it possible to bring the protein content in white meat to standard ones, which leads to an exact correspondence of the obtained meat to quality category 1 and higher biological and nutritional value.

GOST 31962-2013 Chicken meat (carcasses of chickens, chickens, broiler chickens and parts thereof). Technical conditions M .: Standartinform, 2016 .-- 12 p.

A slightly different picture was observed in the fat content in meat. This indicator in white poultry of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups was higher than the control by 37.7 and 27.9%, respectively. However, the fat level in the poultry breast of the experimental group 2 was 7.1% lower compared to the 1st group. In red meat of the 2nd experimental group, the fat content compared with the control was lower by 15.2% and 0.3% compared with the prototype. Similar results were obtained on the fat content in minced meat from poultry meat, however, here the difference between the 2nd and 1st experimental groups was 3.6%, using the developed feed additive. According to the reference data in red meat, the recommended protein content is at least 18.0%, in our work only the use of feed additives allowed us to achieve this standard level.

In general, evaluating the results obtained, we can say about a higher protein content in poultry meat of the experimental groups and a decrease in the fat content of red meat. Moreover, the most pronounced changes were noted in the group of birds receiving a feed supplement.

Given the production indicators, the slaughter result and the cost of growing broiler chickens, the economic efficiency and profitability of the use of the prototype and feed additives were evaluated. Taking into account the additional profit received due to increased meat productivity and meat quality in the experimental group where the prototype was used, the economic profitability amounted to 0.19 rubles profit for each ruble of expenses, in the second - 8.67 rubles, which clearly indicates the advantage of the feed additive in economic aspect.

Thus, stresses in the industrial rearing of broiler chickens are accompanied by high energy costs. In the process of activation of glucogenolysis and glycolysis, catecholamines, glucagon and corticosterone are released into the blood. The catabolic effect of corticosterone is manifested in the destruction of amino acids to ensure energy expenditure of the body and the mobilization of fatty acids, which is associated with a decrease in meat productivity and quality of poultry meat.

Puvadolpirod S. Model of physiological stress in chickens: Digestion and Metabolism / S. Puvadolpirod, J.P. Thaxton // Poult. Sci. - 2000. - No. 79. - P. 383-390.

The use of a feed additive allows you to activate the adaptation processes in the bird's body and stabilize the metabolism due to the combined stress-protective and antioxidant effects.

Claims (2)

Means for increasing meat productivity and quality of broiler meat under technological stresses, containing lithium salt, succinic acid, L-carnitine, characterized in that it further includes zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, betaine in the following ratio of starting components, wt . %: succinic acid 37.0-38.0 lithium carbonate 16.5-16.7 L-carnitine 5.0-6.0 zinc sulfate 11.5-11.7 manganese sulfate 11.5-11.7 copper sulfate 2.6-2.8 betaine 14.0-15.0