RU2701280C2 - Reconnaissance combat vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to military equipment. Reconnaissance combat vehicle consists of body, power plant with gearbox and cooling system, wheel chassis with levers and shock absorbers, seats, braking system with pedals and control lever, power supply system and electrical equipment. Reconnaissance combat vehicle is made in the form of a light-weight small cross-country vehicle equipped with an individual camouflage coating with means of attachment to the body. Body is made of a volumetric bearing frame including spars, crossarms, beams and protective arcs combined by an integral body with an open top from high-strength composite material into a single structure. Lengthwise chambers for transportation of weapons and ammunition are built in body front, sides and above, and power unit with transmission, heat-and-sound shield and armoured vehicle bullet-proof armour are secured at rear. Reconnaissance combat machine additionally comprises a pair of drive wheels used as spare, and winch for self-pulling.

EFFECT: higher combat efficiency and cross-country capacity.

1 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of military affairs, and more specifically to cross-country vehicles used in modern offensive and defensive operations, including airborne troops and special forces, to conduct reconnaissance, detect targets in the rear of the enemy, and launch fire strike on the accumulation of its military equipment and manpower, incapacitation of important objects, the defeat of low-flying aircraft, helicopters and unmanned aerial vehicles.

A device is known - the prototype "High-cross-country vehicle" [1], including a frame, a first pair of wheels, a second pair of wheels, trailing arms of a balanced suspension of each pair of wheels with shafts that are mounted on the frame, engines for moving each of the mentioned wheels, and a symmetrical differential gear mechanism that has a driving link and two driven links with means for locking one of the driven links relative to the driving link.

The disadvantages of this technical solution are the low speed and limited capabilities for combat use due to the structural design of the chassis.

A device is known - the prototype "Armored reconnaissance and patrol vehicle (BRDM)" [2, 3], consisting of a waterproof housing welded from armor plates, a power plant with a multi-stage gearbox and cooling system, two-axle drive wheels and two pairs of suspension wheels to increase maneuverability with a water-jet propulsion device for moving on water, as well as levers and shock absorbers of suspensions, mechanisms and parts of the steering and transmission, seats, brake system with pedals and a control lever, Istemi power and electrical equipment.

The main disadvantages of this design are the machine’s high visibility due to the large dimensions in the vertical and horizontal planes, which make it difficult to hide it from modern aerospace automated reconnaissance and strike systems and ground enemy weapons, a large mass that reduces the ability to move off-road over rough terrain as well as significant cost.

Given the increased fire capabilities of small arms, especially with the mass use of, for example, grenade launchers against armored vehicles, as well as changing the forms and methods of conducting modern network-centric combat operations, an armored reconnaissance and patrol vehicle (BRDM-2) was additionally considered to develop the optimal technical solution. combat reconnaissance vehicle (BRM) BRM-3K "Lynx" and other vehicles of this type ("Tiger", "Typhoon"). Mostly because of their bulkiness, such machines are difficult for their covert use in reconnaissance and combat operations. The world’s leading armies are also trying to solve this problem through the use of existing vehicles on tracked and wheeled chassis to create special armored reconnaissance vehicles BRM on their basis (in Germany, BRM Wiesel, in France BRM Panard, in Turkey BRM Cobra , in the UK BRM "Scarb" and others.). Recently, in many foreign armies, special shock vehicles have been widely used, which were previously in a limited number designed and manufactured for armament of certain special forces units of the USA, Great Britain and France. Such cars are created on the wheeled chassis of multi-purpose off-road vehicles and carrying capacities of the Hammer or Land Rover type, as a rule, with light armor protection, but with powerful weapons. In addition, at present, in military operations, more attention has been paid to the use of not large military groups, but of small-sized units that have undergone good training, adapted to local conditions, equipped with modern weapons and electronic reconnaissance and aiming equipment.

The tasks to be solved by the claimed invention is aimed at increasing combat efficiency, survivability, maneuverability, speed and cross-country ability in rough, swampy areas, in muddy weather and in winter, reducing weight and size parameters, visibility, noise of a power plant and its thermal radiation, reducing the development cost, production and operation in the troops.

To solve these problems, a vehicle is proposed in the form of a light compact all-terrain vehicle equipped with an individual camouflage radar absorbing coating with attachments to the body, which is made of a three-dimensional supporting frame, including spars, traverses, beams and protective arcs, united by a single body of high-strength composite material into a single open-top construction, to which a power unit with an automatic transm borrowed from mass-produced technical means is attached Russia and the necessary work support systems, including: levers and shock absorbers of independent front and rear suspensions, control mechanisms and parts, front and rear folding seats, while increasing combat efficiency and ease of use in it: front, sides and top, longitudinal chambers for transporting weapons, ammunition, reconnaissance, aiming devices and other means are built-in - a power unit with a transmission, a heat-soundproof screen and a machine gunner’s retractable armor are fixed at the back, and for In the course of cross-country, marshy terrain, in the mud and winter, there is an additional pair of drive wheels used as spare wheels with a winch for self-extraction.

The essence of the proposed technical solution is illustrated by drawings, which depict: in FIG. 1 and 2 - shows the types of stealth reconnaissance and combat vehicle, respectively, side and front; in FIG. 3 and 4 - shows schematic diagrams of the device of the car, respectively, in longitudinal section and in plan; in FIG. 5 - shows the attachment and drive unit of the driving pair of spare wheels; in FIG. 6 - shows a General view of the volumetric bearing frame of the machine for forming a body of composite material; in FIG. 7 and 8 show rear views of the machine, respectively, with a bulletproof shield extended to the combat position to protect the machine gunner, and a cross section along the axis of the spare pair of drive wheels installed in the transport position.

The proposed stealth reconnaissance and combat vehicle (Fig. 1-8), consisting of a housing 1, a power unit 2 with a gearbox and cooling system, a wheeled chassis 3 with levers and shock absorbers of the front and rear suspensions 4, mechanisms and control parts, seats 5, the brake system with pedals and a control lever, a power system and electrical equipment, differs from existing analogues in that the vehicle is made in the form of a light compact all-terrain vehicle equipped with an individual camouflage radio coating 6 with means of attachment to the housing 1, which is made of a three-dimensional supporting frame, including spars 7, traverses 8, beams 9 and protective arches 10, united by a solid body 11 of a high-strength composite material with an open top in a single design, while increasing combat effectiveness and ease of operation in it: a hinged armor plate 12 is arranged on the front, longitudinal and side chambers 13 for transporting weapons, ammunition, reconnaissance, aiming and other means are arranged on the sides and top, unit 2 with automatic transmission, heat and sound shield 14 and retractable armor shield 15 of the machine gunner, and to increase cross-country ability in rough, swampy areas, an additional pair of drive wheels 16, used as spare ones, with a self-extracting winch 17, is provided for in the mud and winter.

In the proposed technical device, for ease of operation and protection of the calculation, a protective armored glass 18 (Fig. 1-3) is made in front of the open cabin, which, if necessary, fire in the direction of movement is translated into a horizontal position. In addition, under adverse weather conditions, the open interior of the car is temporarily blocked from above by a waterproof transparent screen with its fastening to the security arches 10, such as a chaise or convertible. Providing access to the calculation of the longitudinal chambers 13, where weapons, ammunition, reconnaissance and aiming devices, and other means are placed, are inside the cabin or through covers arranged outside, next to the open cabin, hinged to body 1. At the same time, car body 1 is made in such a way as to provide a low landing to reduce the center of gravity and increase its stability when driving on rough terrain and along slopes. The height of the hull from the surface of the earth to the level of attachment of arcs 10 to it is approximately 80-90 centimeters, which makes it possible to hide the car in the natural folds of the terrain, in tall grass, behind agricultural crops or shrubs. In this case, only the upper part of the arcs 10 remains open, which allows the calculation to conduct covert surveillance from the machine of the terrain in the circular sector.

In modern conditions, due to the fact that the front edge of the enemy’s defense has ceased to be continuous, has acquired a focal and mobile character with large gaps, unoccupied by troops, without establishing a system of trenches and communications, favorable conditions are being created for conducting reconnaissance and sabotage operations in the rear with the involvement of , first of all, special forces. However, the performance of combat missions is fraught with significant difficulties caused by the increased capabilities of integrated aerospace reconnaissance of the enemy, the massive use of various types of reconnaissance unmanned aerial vehicles and the widespread equipment of reconnaissance agents in the field with mobile communications and information and communication equipment. In this regard, the proposed device for hiding it, increasing survivability and combat effectiveness is equipped with an individual radio-absorbing camouflage coating 6 (Figs. 1-3, 7 and 8), which ensures its protection from optical, radar and infrared reconnaissance equipment, both in summer and and winter conditions. In addition, the car body 11, made of composite, carbon-containing materials, further reduces the level of radar and thermal radiation, and its small size and quiet operation of the power plant due to the installation of a heat shield 14, as well as high passability allow you to quietly go around dangerous sections of country roads and off road.

To successfully carry out combat missions behind enemy lines in such conditions, an open car interior is provided (Figs. 1-3), which makes it possible to conduct an overview of the terrain in the circular sector using optical instruments, night vision devices, and audible wiretapping of the surrounding area for the timely detection of a possible threat to applying, if necessary, sudden massive fire from various types of weapons. This technical device was developed taking into account the possibility of its use in the airborne troops and special forces. Such a machine can be covertly delivered to the combat area in the back of a truck or in the cabin of the aircraft, and, if necessary, can be dropped by a cargo parachute.

To perform combat missions, the machine is equipped with a large number of modern weapons, ammunition and electronic equipment, which are fully located in front of the housing 1, in numerous longitudinal chambers 13 (Fig. 3). At the same time, the following can be used from armaments: silent automatic weapons - 3, machine gun - 1, long-range sniper rifle - 1, large-caliber machine gun-1, anti-tank guided missile systems (Kornet-E), portable anti-aircraft missile systems ("Willow") with missiles 9M336 - 2-3, grenade launchers (RPG-27) - with a set of shots or a 43-mm grenade launcher GM-94 and others. The number of weapons and ammunition depends on the nature of the combat missions that can be, for example, the destruction of a block of posts, small gangs or gangs, separate firing systems or firing positions of batteries, conducting reconnaissance, mining of roads, exits from the area where enemy units (formations) are located, etc. For covert and safe reconnaissance of the terrain and enemy positions, small-sized reconnaissance aircraft can also be used.

An important characteristic of the machine, in addition to stealth and combat effectiveness, is its high off-road patency in rugged, swampy terrain, in the mud and winter. To do this, it provides power take-off mechanisms to drive the front wheels with locking and the inclusion of an additional pair of spare drive wheels 16 (Fig. 1, 3-5, 8), as well as a winch for self-extraction 17. A spare pair of drive wheels 16 is mounted on one axis, pivotally mounted using earrings 19 to the transverse beam of the frame of the housing 1. The axis is rotated by a chain gear 20 from the sprocket of the power take-off, which is included in the first and second gears. The chain gear 20 is in the same plane with the earrings 19, which allows the spare drive wheels 16 to lower to the working position or to be installed in the position for transportation. Self-extracting winch 17 mounted on an axis on bearings is driven by a half-coupling 21 sliding on the splines when it is moved until it engages with a half-coupling 22 fixedly mounted on the axis of the spare drive wheels 16. The spare pair of drive wheels is put into operation by means of a hydraulic cylinder drive 23 together with a shock spring 24 mounted in a U-shaped steel body 25 (Figs. 3-5, 8) attached to the underbody of the car, which allows small bumps and stones to move smoothly at low speed .

For ease of maintenance and increased safety, a compartment 26 is made in the front of the machine, which has a heat-shielding partition 27 on the passenger side, and on the outside, the front armored panel 12 hinged on hinges (Fig. 3) is made of high-strength alloys with integrated headlamps (sidelights). This solution provides access to the elements of the front suspension 4, the steering mechanism with levers (rods) and the drive mechanism of the front wheels (Fig. 4), on top of which a steel sheet 28 is installed to accommodate the main and spare fuel tanks 29 (Fig. 3) with automatic fire extinguishing system. For maintenance of the power plant 2 with automatic transmission and power take-offs, power systems, cooling and electrical equipment, a rear suspension 4, an additional pair of drive wheels 16 with a winch for self-extraction 17 and their drive, a removable heat and sound shield 14, folding front and rear are provided seat 5, as well as the opening rear side 30 (Fig. 3, 4, 8) with retractable protective armor shield 15 machine gunner.

The combat crew of the car includes three people - the commander, driver and machine gunner (grenade launcher - anti-aircraft gunner). When performing the task, the calculation is in full combat gear. The calculation commander is located in the front seat to the right of the car driver, conducts reconnaissance using the GPS-GLONASS navigator, an electronic computer with a topographic map and intelligence data and, if necessary, opens fire on the enemy along with the driver from automatic small arms in the direction of travel, right and left. The machine gunner is placed in the back seat with the readiness to fire in the rear sector using the retractable armored shield 15 as a mobile firing point (Fig. 3, 7), especially in the event of a threat of pursuit, as well as in the circular sector, when breaking through a site controlled by the enemy. At the same time, the second rear seat 5 is temporarily used for accommodation prepared for the use of spare weapons and ammunition or for transportation of the prisoner.

The main method of combat use of the machine is an ambush with short-term sudden powerful fire action involving the entire crew and immediate withdrawal along a previously planned route. To carry out a combat mission, as a rule, two or three vehicles are involved for more effective fire impact on the enemy and mutual support in the event of a dangerous situation. When performing a combat mission, the calculations communicate with the command to develop coordinated actions or adjust the task, as well as the possibility of carrying out external evacuation in special cases, at night, using helicopters using radio beacons and other conditional signals. In this case, the bulk of weapons and electronic equipment, as a rule, are seized, and cars are installed on self-destruction or mined.

The proposed technical device most fully meets the requirements for it. The main advantage of the machine is the achievement of a compact design in which sufficiently small dimensions are additionally hidden by an individual camouflage coating, making it difficult to detect it from the upper hemisphere by enemy air reconnaissance and strike complexes. Moreover, in view of stealth and low cost, this tool is not a priority and economically feasible for delivering strikes against it with cruise missiles, which in most cases have a higher cost than the objects to be destroyed. The proposed device, when performing combat missions behind enemy lines, can be attacked from the air by helicopters, drones and low-flying aircraft, which, in the first place, are convenient targets for their destruction by combat crews from camouflaged shelters using portable anti-aircraft missile systems, heavy machine guns and long-range sniper rifles. At the same time, the small height of the machine during daytime movement makes it possible to hide it from ground reconnaissance equipment and defeat the enemy in folds of rough terrain, in tall grass and shrubbery. In peacetime, such technical means can be used for protection and defense, especially at night and in conditions of poor visibility, of important military and state facilities, unequipped border sections, as well as to ensure the effective protection of stationary and mobile forces and nuclear deterrence from exposure reconnaissance and sabotage groups from the composition of the forces of special operations of the enemy.

The advantages of the proposed technical device in comparison with the known technical solutions of existing analogues are:

- high combat effectiveness and survivability due to powerful weapons and special reconnaissance equipment, stealth (visual, thermal and radar due to the equipment with an individual camouflage coating), stealth due to small size, low landing, noise reduction and temperature of the power plant due to the installation of easily removable protective heat and noise insulating screen, increased cross-country ability due to the device of a spare pair of driving wheels;

- improved conditions for the combat work of the calculation when using automatic small arms during movement and during a short stop or ambush to combat ground and air targets of the enemy, including without leaving the vehicle, due to the arrangement of an open cabin reinforced with safety arcs, which, for protection from rain, snow and wind, are temporarily blocked by a quick-detachable transparent screen, as well as equipment on the rear side of the firing point from a retractable armored shield for machine gun firing;

- the possibility of autonomous use in isolation from the main forces for three days due to high camouflage properties, the use of food supplies, weapons and ammunition, night vision devices, GPS-GLONASS navigation system and computers with an electronic topographic map of the area;

- the ability to meet the requirements of the modern level of warfare in the conditions of network-centric warfare (in the absence of a solid front line, a rapidly changing tactical situation, etc.) due to high cross-country ability, lightness, speed, stealth, power of used weapons and modern electronic equipment;

- the ability to carry out quick raids of the enemy’s rear to exhaust, weaken and demoralize by applying short-term fire strikes, as a rule, at night, quickly retreating at high speed along pre-designated routes with mining, if necessary, movement paths;

- low cost of development, manufacture and operation in the troops, about an order of magnitude less compared to the cost of traditional military models of this type;

- simplicity of design, ease of development and operation, maintainability in the field;

- low costs for the preparation and training of combat crews, while small arms, portable anti-tank and anti-aircraft missile systems during combat use do not require adaptation and alteration;

- high transportability, the possibility of covert transportation to any distance by land and air transport, including landing using cargo parachutes.

The readiness to implement the proposed design of an inconspicuous reconnaissance and combat vehicle is confirmed by the available drawings and theoretical calculations, the simplicity of the technical solution, the technological ability of domestic enterprises for the production of hulls, including their supporting frames from lightweight high-strength composite materials, as well as the experience in developing such auto-repair devices enterprises, the availability of the necessary material and equipment. In this case, all the main parts of the combat vehicle: powerplant, transmission, brake system, power system, steering and wheelbase, as well as components and parts for the manufacture and testing of the working layout, should be borrowed from domestic and imported passenger cars.

The proposed technical arrangement of an inconspicuous reconnaissance and combat vehicle according to the criterion of assessment "combat effectiveness - cost - feasibility" exceeds the indicators, by comparison with existing analogues, by about 30-40%.

List of sources used

1. RF patent No. 2176607 "High cross-country vehicle", application No. 2001102276 from 01/26/2001

2. The book "Manual on the material part and operation of an armored reconnaissance and patrol vehicle (BRDM)", M ..., Military Publishing House of the USSR Ministry of Defense, 1960, 380 p .;

3. The magazine "Review of domestic armored vehicles 1905-1995 gg."

Claims (1)

Reconnaissance and combat vehicle, consisting of a hull, a power plant with a gearbox and cooling system, a wheeled chassis with levers and shock absorbers, seats, a brake system with pedals and a control lever, a power system and electrical equipment, characterized in that it is made in the form of a light small-sized an all-terrain vehicle equipped with an individual camouflage coating with means of attachment to the body, which is made of a three-dimensional supporting frame, including spars, traverses, beams and protective arches, united by with an open top body made of high-strength composite material in a single structure, while increasing the combat efficiency and ease of use, longitudinal cameras for transporting weapons and ammunition are built in the front, sides and top, and the power unit with a transmission, heat and soundproof are fixed at the back a machine gunner’s screen and a retractable armor shield, to increase cross-country ability in rough, marshy terrain, a pair of drive wheels, used as spare ones, with a winch for pulling out.

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