RU2699292C1 - Seed-cleaning machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machine building, in particular, to machines for grain harvester treatment (to working elements of seed-cleaning machines). Seed-cleaning machine comprises a loading scraper conveyor with feeders, a distributing screw with a casing, a feed valve and a movable partition, an air cleaning portion, a two-tier mill with sieves, brush cleaning with frames and brushes, indented separator cylinders, double-flowing elevator and self-movement mechanism. Working surface of the feeder valve is curvilinear, enveloping the surface of the casing of the distributing screw along the section of the logarithmic spiral, the concavity of which faces the longitudinal axis of the distributing screw. Surface of the movable partition wall copies the surface of the valve-feeder. Brushes are made in the form of round cylindrical rolls with possibility of rotary movement around their axes, each shaft of which is located perpendicular to direction of machine movement and on both sides rests on bearings installed on rectangular frame of brushes. Shafts of brushes with sprockets at their left end along the machine path are connected to each other by means of a chain transmission actuating by means of an electric motor arranged on the base plate of brush brushes.

EFFECT: higher quality of seeds cleaning and sorting.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to machines for post-harvest grain processing (to the working bodies of seed machines).

A feed device of a grain cleaning machine is known, including a receiving chamber, an exit window located in its lower part and a blade feed roller with an upper feed, a loading device mounted above it with a receiving tray. The receiving chamber is equipped with a removable finger comb mounted under the loading device with an inclination towards the output window, while its lower end is located relative to the feed roller and side wall with a gap [1].

It is also known that the feed device of the grain cleaning machine includes a receiving chamber, an outlet window located in the lower part of its side wall and a blade feed roller with a top feed, a loading device mounted above it with a receiving tray, the receiving chamber is equipped with a pre-aspiration channel with a throttle located between the loading the device and the feed roller and directed towards the side wall with the exit window [2].

The disadvantages of the above devices are: violation of the technological process of seed cleaning due to frequent clogging of the feed device of the receiving chamber and poor distribution of material across the width of the chamber.

A device for cleaning the openings of sieves, including a section of a cartridge with a sieve fixed on it, a reflective grid, and partitions pivotally mounted in the under-sieve space, dividing the latter into cells in which the cleaning elements are located, moreover, the partitions are pivotally mounted in the upper part of the sieve space and made in the form of bar pendulum-type barriers containing the lower bar and the upper bar with stops located on it, restricting the rotation of the bar bar with oscillations together with the sieve mill due to the action of gravity, inertial and impact forces, with the possibility of observing the gap between the sieve and the upper bar of the partition, as well as between the reflective grid and the lower bar of the partition in its extreme positions, less than 2/3 of the diameter of the balls or the height of the cleaning prisms elements [3].

The disadvantages of this device are that the installation of pivotally fixed bar partitions of the pendulum type with the location on the upper rod of the stops complicates the design, and the installation of transverse partitions in the longitudinal grooves of the bushings located on the side surfaces of the longitudinal sidewalls, is a laborious process, requires dismantling the mill when replacing worn elements , complicates the design and reduces the operational reliability of the device.

The next technical solution is a mechanism for cleaning flat sieves in grain cleaning machines, consisting of a sieve cleaning device, sieve mills and its drive, including a ratchet mechanism, which is made in the form of a carriage with ratchet surfaces moving along a guide fixed to the sieve mill and double-acting dogs , one of which is connected with the sieve mill, and the second with the frame of the machine, while the dogs are pressed to the ratchet surface with a common compression spring for simultaneous switching I have dogs on the reverse by bowing its focus fixed on the guide, go to its branches through the dead dogs position [4].

The disadvantages of this design are low reliability, increased noise level, vibration, podsory.

Also known is a grain heap cleaner (grain cleaning machine) OVS-25, including a loading conveyor, a receiving chamber with a feeding device, an air separation system, sieve mills, a feed waste screw, and a self-moving mechanism. Transmission and other auxiliary mechanisms [5].

The disadvantages of this grain cleaning machine are: the feeding device of the receiving chamber due to its frequent clogging poorly distributes the material across the width of the chamber and clogging the holes of the sieves with seeds and other particles.

The prototype is the SM-4 seed cleaning machine, which contains a loading scraper conveyor with feeders, a distribution screw with a casing, a feeder valve and a movable partition, an air-cleaning part, a two-tier mill with sieves, brush cleaning with frames and brushes, trie cylinders, a two-line shipping elevator and self-movement mechanism [6].

The disadvantages of this seed cleaning machine is a violation of the technological process of seed cleaning due to the frequent failure of its device to automatically adjust the load of the distribution screw, and therefore the whole machine, as well as clogging the sieve holes with seeds and other particles, the dimensions of which are slightly larger than the holes, which leads lower sieve throughput.

The objective of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages.

The technical result - improving the quality of cleaning, sorting of seeds and operational reliability (stability in operation)

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in a seed cleaning machine containing a loading scraper conveyor with feeders, a distribution screw with a casing, a feeder valve and a movable partition, an air-cleaning part, a two-tier mill with sieves, brush cleaning with frames and brushes, trimeric cylinders, double-flow shipping elevator and self-moving mechanism, according to the invention, the working surface of the valve-feeder is made curved, enveloping the surface of the casing of the distribution screw along a section of a logarithmic spiral, the concavity of which is directed to the longitudinal axis of the distribution screw, and the surface of the movable partition copies the surface of the feeder valve, the brushes being made in the form of round cylindrical rollers with the possibility of rotational movement around its axes, each shaft of which is perpendicular to the direction of movement of the machine and on both sides it relies on bearings mounted on a rectangular frame of brushes, while the shaft of the brushes with asterisks on their left end along the machine s between a chain drive, by driving a motor disposed on the base plate beyond the brush cleaning brush.

In FIG. 1 shows the proposed machine, General view;

in FIG. 2 shows a diagram of automatic load control with a feed valve;

in FIG. 3 shows a diagram of a sieve mill with a brush frame.

in FIG. 4 shows a section AA in FIG. 3.

The seed cleaning machine (Fig. 1) contains a loading scraper conveyor with feeders 1, a distribution screw 2 with a casing 3, a valve-feeder 4 and a movable partition 5, an air-cleaning part 6, a two-tier mill 7 with sieves 8, brush cleaning 9 with frames 10 and brushes 11, indented cylinders 12, two-line shipping elevator 13 and self-moving mechanism 14. To prevent arch formation (clogging) in the feed chamber and to ensure constant loading of the working bodies, and therefore the normal course of these nological process, the working surface of the valve-feeder 4 (Fig. 2) is made curved, enveloping the surface of the casing 3 of the distribution screw 2 along a section of a logarithmic spiral, the concavity of which is directed to the longitudinal axis of the distribution screw 2, and the surface of the movable partition 5 copies the surface of the valve-feeder 4 , which allows to increase the space in the supply chamber and the smooth running of the valve-feeder 4. To prevent clogging of sieves 8 (Fig. 3 and 4) seeds and other particles, the dimensions of which are slightly larger than the holes and increase the throughput of the sieves 8, the brushes 11 are made in the form of round cylindrical rollers with the possibility of rotational movement around their axes, each shaft 15 of which is perpendicular to the direction of movement of the machines and from both sides supported by bearings 16 mounted on a rectangular frame 10 of the brushes 11. The shafts 15 of the brushes 11 with asterisks 17 at their left end along the machine are interconnected by a chain gear 18, which drives tion by a motor 19 placed on the support plate 20 frame 10 cleaning brush 11 brush 9.

The device operates as follows.

When the machine moves along the grain shoulder, a T-shaped loading scraper conveyor with feeders 1 captures the source material (grain) and feeds it into the receiving bucket of the distribution screw 2, which distributes the grain material along the width of the bucket and directs it into the air channel 6 of the first aspiration, where the flow air separates light impurities from the grain. Moreover, the execution of the working surface of the valve-feeder 4 and the movable partition 5 along the section of the logarithmic spiral, the concavity of which is directed to the longitudinal axis of the distribution screw 2, allows to increase the space in the feed chamber and the smooth flow of grain from it, thereby eliminating arching (clogging) in this the chamber is provided with constant loading of the distribution screw 2. If the casing 3 of the distribution screw 2 is full of grain, then the feeder valve 4 is easily wrung out, which focuses on the roller end th switch and self-propelled 14 through the electromagnet is switched off.

Then, the grain material cleaned in the air channel 6 of the first aspiration enters the sieve mill 7. The sieve 8 divides the material to be cleaned into grain of the first and second grade, large and small impurities. After that, the grain of the first grade descends from the sieves 8 into the channel 6 of the second aspiration, where the remaining small impurities and puny seeds are separated. In this case, the brushes 11, made in the form of round cylindrical rollers with the possibility of not only reciprocating, but also rotational movement around their axes, fully prevent clogging of sieves by 8 seeds and other particles, thereby increasing the throughput of sieves 8 and maintain stability (stability ) the implementation of the technological process of cleaning grain material.

After cleaning the grain material on the sieves 8, the grain is transported by a two-flow shipping elevator 13 to the inlet cylinders 12, where it is separated from short and long impurities.

In the case of cleaning food grains, the triera 12 can be turned off. In this case, the grain, bypassing the batch cleaning, enters the second branch of the shipping elevator 13.

This constructive implementation contributes to the rational movement of the machine along the heap during operation, and the use of the invention improves the quality of seed cleaning and the stability of the seed cleaning machine by eliminating the above disadvantages.

List of references

1. RF patent №2242296. The feed device of the grain cleaning machine. Burkov A.I., Efremov D.F., Kutyukov A.M., Klimko A.V., Burkov I.A. State Institution Zonal Research Institute of Agriculture of the North-East named after N.V. Rudnitsky (RU) application filing: 06/16/2003, publication of the patent 12/20/2004.

2. RF patent No. 2350406. The feed device of the grain cleaning machine. Burkov A.I., Glushkov A.L., Buldakov D.S. Patent holder: State institution Zonal Research Institute of Agriculture of the North-East named after N.V. Rudnitsky. Application: 2007136771/03, 03.10.2007. Posted: 03/27/2009 Bull. Number 9

3. RF patent №2326745. Application: 2006125965/03, 07/19/2006. A device for cleaning sieve openings. Tarasenko A.P., Orobinsky V.I., Sundeev A.A. LLC "SemMash" Date of publication of the application January 27, 2008. Published: 06/20/2008 Bull. Number 17

4. RF patent No. 2054976. The mechanism for cleaning flat sieves in grain cleaning machines. Oleinikov V.D. Production Association "Voronezhselmash". Application submission: 10.26.1992. patent publication: 02.27.1996

5. Listopad G.E. Agricultural and reclamation machines // G.E. Listopad, G.K. Demidov, B.D. Zomov, et al. - M.: Agropromizdat, 1986. - 688 p.

6. Voronov Yu.I. Agricultural machines / Yu.I. Voronov, L.N. Kovalev, A.N. Ustinov. - M .: Agropromizdat, 1990 .-- 225 p.

Claims (1)

Seed cleaning machine comprising a feed scraper conveyor with feeders, a distribution screw with a casing, a feeder valve and a movable partition, an air-cleaning part, a two-tier mill with sieves, brush cleaning with frames and brushes, trie cylinders, a two-line discharge elevator and a self-propelled mechanism the fact that the working surface of the valve-feeder is made curved, enveloping the surface of the casing of the distribution screw on the plot of the logarithmic spiral, the concavity of which oh facing the longitudinal axis of the distribution screw, and the surface of the movable partition copies the surface of the feeder valve, and the brushes are made in the form of round cylindrical rollers with the possibility of rotational movement around its axes, each shaft of which is perpendicular to the direction of movement of the machine and rests on bearings from both sides, mounted on a rectangular frame of brushes, while the shaft of the brushes with asterisks at their left end in the direction of the machine are interconnected by a chain gear, which drives means of an electric motor placed on the base plate of the brush brush frame.

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