RU2695022C1 - Method for estimating biological age - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medicine, namely to functional diagnostics, and can be used for assessment of biological age. Systolic pressure (SP), body weight (BW) is measured. In addition, measuring: vital capacity of lungs (VCL), right hand dynamometry (RNG), percentage of body fat mass (BFM%), percentage of active cell mass (ACM%), percentage of total water in the body (TW%), the main metabolism (MM), cholesterol level (CL), glucose level (GL), ankle-shoulder index (ASI), activity index of regulatory systems (AIRS). Vital index (VI) is calculated as a VCL/BW ratio and a power index (PI) as a ratio of RNG/BM. Thereafter, the obtained indices are used to determine the numbers of centile intervals (CI) in accordance with Tables 1–6 contained in the description. CI is quantified in points 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 according to Table 8 in the description. For each score coefficient by formula k=logb, where b is a gradation value of parameters from 1 to 5. Assessment of biological age (BA) is presented in the form of a sum of CI coefficients of measured values divided by the number of these values by formula: BV=(k+k+k+k+k+k+k+k+k+k+k)/n, where n is number of used morphofunctional and biochemical indicators, kis coefficient of CI BFM%, kis coefficient of CI AKM%, kis coefficient of CI TW%, kis coefficient of CI MM, kis coefficient of CI SP, kis CI coefficient of CL level, kis CL coefficient of GI coefficient, kis coefficient of CI ASI, kis coefficient of CI VI, kis coefficient of CI CI, kis coefficient of AIRS. Value of the obtained biological age (BA) result is determined by a biological age assessment scale "Bio-age", in accordance with Table 9 contained in the description.EFFECT: method provides higher accuracy and objectivity of biological age determination due to complex application of anthropometric, bioimpedance and biochemical indices.1 cl, 10 tbl, 5 ex

Description

The present invention relates to medicine, namely to functional diagnostics. The developed method can be used to assess the biological age in preventive medicine, sports medicine and for scientific research. It will expand and improve the quality of clinical diagnostics, physiological studies of risk factors for aging of the body.

The use of computational methods that allow an integral assessment of the state of human health seems promising for identifying groups at risk of developing a disease and deteriorating health. The concept of “biological age” (BV) is used as a general assessment of individual human health. It is determined by the combination of exchange, structural, functional, regulatory and adaptive characteristics of the organism.

There are many ways to assess the biological age.

There is a method of determining the biological age of a person Belozerova L.M. (RF patent №2228137, MKI ⁷ А61В 5/16, Appl. 04.11.2002), which uses anthropometric indicators to assess BV as aging biomarkers, namely, height, body weight, chest circumference on the inhale, chest circumference on exhale, chest circumference at the pause, excursion of the chest, lung capacity, compressive force of the wrist of the right hand, compressive force of the wrist of the left hand.

The disadvantage of the proposed method is the absence of hemodynamic indicators in the formula for calculating BV, which significantly reduces the information content of studying the rate of aging of the organism, since The cardiovascular system plays a priority role in shaping a person’s longevity and developing the pathological conditions of an individual.

There is a method for determining the biological age of women_ (patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2231062 "Method for determining the biological age of women", IPC ⁷ G01N 33/15, G01N 33/50, published 20.06.2004), including blood sampling, determination of fibrinogen level ( PG), platelet numbers (Tr), activated partial thrombo-plate time (APTT), fibrinolytic activity (FA), concentrations of soluble fibrin monomer complexes (RFMC), level of antithrombin III (ATIII). Biological age is calculated by the formula

BVr = k1 × FG + k2 × Tr + k3 × APTT + k4 × FA + k5 × RFMK + k6 × ATIII + Const, where:

BVr - biological age of the hemostasis system;

k1, k2, k3, k4, k5, k6 are the coefficients of the decision rule, which are: k1 = 7,546; k2 = -0.039; k3 = -0.381; k4 = 0.234; k5 = 0.321; k6 = -0,664;

Const is a constant value equal to 101.064;

FG - fibrinogen level (g / l);

Tr is the number of platelets (10 ⁹ / l);

APTT - activated partial thromboplastin time (s);

FA - fibrinolytic activity (min);

PFCA - soluble fibrin monomer complexes (mg / ml);

ATIII - antithrombin III (%).

The disadvantages of this method include the fact that, when evaluating the BV of a whole organism, it takes into account only the clinical and physiological indicators of the course of functions in the body, not taking into account the state of the morphofunctional status of this organism.

The closest way, which is selected as a prototype, is a method for assessing BV by the method of VP Voitenko. [Markina L.D. Determination of human biological age by the method of V.P. Voitenko: studies. allowance. Vladivostok: VSMU, 2001. pp. 22-27.], Where to determine the actual biological age (FBI) measure:

- systolic and diastolic blood pressure (CAD and DBP), determine the pulse blood pressure (mm Hg) (PAD);

- the duration of the breath hold after a deep breath (s) (HFA) and after a deep expiration (s) (HWP);

- vital capacity of the lungs (VC);

- body weight (kg) (MT);

- static balancing (s) (SB);

- Health self-assessment index (score) (POPs).

To calculate the biological age (BV), 2 versions of the formulas are used, where the actual biological age (FWH) is first determined:

I option:

Males: FBV = 44.3 + 0.68-POP + 0.40 ⋅ SAD - 0.22 ⋅ HED - 0.004-VC-0.11 ⋅ HKV + 0.08 ⋅ H D & D - 0.13 ⋅ S

Females: FBV = 17.4 + 0.82 ⋅ PO3 + 0.005 ⋅ SAD + 0.16 ⋅ DAD + 0.35 ⋅ FAD - 0.004 Е VC + 0.04 Д HFA - 0.06 ⋅ H O 0.11 Sat

Option II:

Males: FBV = 27.0 + 0.22 Д SAD - 0.15 ⋅ HAL + 0.72 ⋅ PO3-0.15 ⋅ СБ.

Women: FBV = -1,46 + 0,42 0,4PAD + 0,25⋅MT + 0.70⋅ PO3-0.14 0,1 СБ,

where: MBF is the actual biological age,

CAD - systolic blood pressure,

DBP - diastolic blood pressure,

PAD - pulse blood pressure

HFA - the duration of the delay of breath after a deep breath (s),

ZDVyd - the duration of the breath after a deep expiration (s),

ЖЕЛ - vital capacity of lungs, МТ - body weight (kg),

SAT - static balancing,

POPs - Health Self-Assessment Index (score).

Then, the due biological age is calculated:

I option:

Males: DBV = 0.661KV + 16.9

Females: BW = 0.629⋅KV + 15.3

Option II:

Males: DBV = = 0.863⋅KV + 6.85.

Females: DBV = 0.706⋅KB + 12.1

where CV is the calendar age.

If the FBV - DBV = 0, then the degree of aging corresponds to the statistical standards; if the FBV - DBE is greater than 0, then the degree of aging is large and one should pay attention to the lifestyle and undergo additional tests; if the FBV - DBV is less than 0, then the degree of aging is small. By calculating the index FBV: DBV, you can determine how many times the FBV is larger or smaller than the average FBV of the peers. If the degree of aging is less, then FBV: DBV <1. If the degree of aging is greater, then the FBV: DBV> 1.

The disadvantages of the above method of determining BV include the absence in the formula of clinical and physiological indicators, which are informative markers of aging, which allow to increase the degree of assessment of the alleged violations.

The task of the invention is to develop a method for determining the biological age of a person, based on the measurement of a complex of anthropometric, bio-impedance and biochemical indicators of his health.

The technical result of the proposed method is to increase the accuracy and objectivity of determining the biological age of a person due to the integrated use of anthropometric, bio-impedance and biochemical parameters.

To do this, first conduct:

- anthropometry: measurement of body mass (MT), systolic blood pressure (MAP), lung capacity (VC), right hand dynamometer (WPC); calculate the vital (LM) and power index (SI) according to the formulas:

JI = VC / MT; SI = DPK / MT;

- study of body composition (percentage of body fat mass (LMT%), active cell mass (ACM%), total body water (RH%), basic metabolism (FBW));

- determination of the ankle-brachial index (ABI);

- determination of the level of total cholesterol (CL) and glucose (GL) in the blood;

- cardiointervalography (determination of heart rate variability indicators and determination of the activity index of regulatory systems (PARS) (from 0 to 10).

The obtained indicators are estimated in centile intervals according to normative tables developed on the basis of the centile method, which allows objectively and effectively characterizing the distribution of individual indicators in a compressed form. The essence of the centile method is as follows: an ordered variational series, covering the entire range of oscillations of a feature, is divided into 100 intervals, falling into which have equal probabilities. The sizes of such centile intervals in absolute units of measurement are unequal. To characterize the distribution, not all 100, but only seven fixed centiles are listed: the 3rd (5th), 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 95 (97) th. For example, the 3rd centile is the value of the investigated trait, less than which it is observed in 3% of the sample options. The value of the trait less than the 10th centile is found in 10% of the sampling options, etc. The 50th centile is the median of the series. The intervals between centiles are called centile intervals (CI) (corridors, channels). Depending on the number of CI, reflecting the location of the individual trait of the subject in the series, a value judgment and a medical report are formulated.

Thus, centile scales have been developed for 10 morphofunctional and biochemical parameters (GARDEN, LM, SI, LMT%, AKM%, RH%, OSB, DL, GL, CL) based on the results of preventive medical examinations in the Health Center of 1446 men and 1660 women 18-70 years old. The scales show the maximum and minimum values of each attribute. The range of oscillations is divided into 8 QI. The central scales of the distribution of morphofunctional and biochemical parameters are presented in FIG. 1-6.

PARS characterizes the activity of regulatory systems in general, which depends on the overall response of the body to environmental factors. The value of PARS is determined in points in the range from 0 to 10. According to the value of PARS, four functional states are diagnosed. This is the so-called "ladder of states" with increasing pronounced tension of regulatory mechanisms, up to their over-voltage and exhaustion (Fig. 7).

The next step of the proposed method is a quantitative assessment of CI in points 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, which reflects the degree of compliance of the physiological characteristics of the trait with respect to age and sex. For each score, a coefficient is determined by the formula k _b = log ₅ b, where b is the magnitude of the gradation of parameters from 1 to 5. For b = 1, we get k _b = log ₅ 1 = 0; for b = 2, get kb = log ₅ 2 = 0.43; for b = 3, k _b log ₅ 3 = 0.68; for b = 4, log ₅ 4 = 0.86; for b = 5, log ₅ 5 = 1 was obtained (Fig. 8). The fluctuation range of the coefficient values is from 0 to 1 (0 is the minimum value, 1 is the maximum value). Table 8 presents the ratio of QI and scoring in 11 of the studied parameters: the better the indicator, the higher the score.

The BV estimate is represented as the sum of the DI coefficients of the measured indicators divided by the number of these indicators, which allows using an arbitrary number of them:

Definition BV = (k_CI-ZHMT%+ k_CI-AKM%+ k_CI-OV%+ k_QI-Osob+ k_CI-GARDEN+ k_QI-CL+ k_CI-GL+ k_CI-LPI+ k_CI-JI+ k_QI-SI+ k_PARS) / n,

where n is the number of used morphofunctional and biochemical parameters,

k _DI-HMT% - coefficient of DI of fat mass of the body (HMT%),

k _CI-AKM% - the coefficient of CI percentage of the active cell mass (ACM%),

k _DI-RH% - DI coefficient of the percentage of total water (RH%),

k _CI-Osob - coefficient of CI of the main metabolism (ASOb),

k _CI-GARDEN - coefficient of CI of systolic blood pressure (GARDEN),

k _CI-CL - cholesterol (CL) coefficient CI,

k _CI-CH - coefficient of CI of glucose level (C),

_LPI-CI k - CI coefficient ankle-brachial index (ABI)

k _CI-JI - coefficient of life index CI (LM),

k _DI-SI - DI coefficient of the power index (SI),

k _PARS - coefficient of the activity of regulatory systems (PARS).

The range of fluctuations in the values of the final assessment of biological age (BV) is from 0 to 1 (0 is the minimum value, 1 is the maximum value). The obtained estimates, reflecting the degree of BV compliance with respect to the calendar age, are ranked in 5 groups: the higher the score, the better the result. Low scores (from 0 to 0.39) make up the group with very high BV values relative to the calendar, when the BV is significantly ahead of the calendar. Next comes a group of estimates from 0.40 to 0.59, which also includes persons ahead of the BB relative to the calendar, but less pronounced in contrast to the previous version. The average group of ratings (from 0.60 to 0.79) includes persons whose BV corresponds to the calendar. Further, there are two groups of assessments characterizing persons with slow aging: estimates from 0.80 to 0.89 include persons with BV below the calendar, and ratings from 0.90 to 1.0 characterize persons who have BV significantly lower than the calendar, tons. e. well-marked slow pace of aging.

The distribution of estimates is based on a correlation analysis, where the absolute value of any correlation coefficient ranges from 0 to 1. The larger the correlation coefficient approaches 1, the closer is the relationship between the signs and vice versa (Sport metrology: lectures / status. S.V. Mikhailova, Yu.G. Kuzmichev, T.V. Sidorova, T.A. Polyakova. - Arzamas: Arzamas branch of UNN, 2017. (p. 75-76).

The proposed and characterized five groups of ratings are consistently placed on a scale (from 0 to 1), called “Bio-age”, i.e. "Biological age" (Fig. 9), where horizontally above shows the values of BV estimates, and the bottom line shows their characteristics:

- significantly higher than the calendar (0.00-0.39).

- higher than calendar (0.40-0.59),

- BV as corresponds to the calendar (0.60-0.79),

- below the calendar (0.80-0.89),

- significantly lower than the calendar (0.90-1.00).

For the implementation of the method were used indicators obtained during the measurement:

- component composition of the body (percentage of body fat mass (LMT%), active cell mass (AKM%), total water (RH%), basal metabolic rate (ASO)) using the Diamant bio-impedance analyzer;

- ankle-brachial index (ABI) according to the results of anthological screening using the Smart Dop 30 EX portable peripheral doppler-analyzer;

- the level of total cholesterol and glucose in the blood using the CardioChek express analyzer, which determines the level of total cholesterol in the blood in the range of 2.59-10.36 mmol / l, glucose - 1.1-33.3 mmol / l;

- cardiointervalography (determination of heart rate variability indicators, using a computer program for assessing the level of health "Rhythm Express") with the determination of the activity index of regulatory systems (PARS) (from 0 to 10);

- body mass (MT) and systolic blood pressure (MAP).

Vital (LM) and power indices (SI) were calculated by the formulas:

ZHI-ZhEL / MT; SI = DPK / MT, where ЖЕЛ is the vital capacity of the lungs, DPK is the dynamometry of the right hand, MT is the body mass (kg).

For example, extracts from survey cards were taken at the Health Center. Comparative data of the stages of research using the method of V.P. Voitenko and the claimed method are summarized in Table 10 (Fig. 10). In the first column of the table, the stages of the study are defined, including the collection of indicators, the description of the formula used, the calculation, the result, the conclusion and a comment. In the second and third columns, the specific implementation of these stages is presented: in the second assessment of BV by the method of V.P. Voitenko, and in the third - according to the claimed method using the Bio-age scale. For each result of the surveys, a comment is provided justifying the information content and objectivity of the claimed method.

The advantage of the proposed method for determining BV on a scale of "Bio-age" is the use of an arbitrary number of available indicators. Provided that the more indicators are used, the more objectively the BV assessment.

Biological age must be considered in order to predict the individual health and quality of life of a modern person.

A comparative analysis of the proposed solution and the prototype showed that the proposed method differs from the well-known one in that in order to establish the biological age of a person, a set of specific factors that were not previously used in such assessment methods is additionally determined: the percentage of fat, active cell mass and total body water, exchange, ankle-brachial index, an indicator of the activity of regulatory systems.

The method is simple, requires only equipment that is equipped with all the health centers of Russia, so it is available and can be used for preventive medical examinations of the adult population in the health centers of our country.

Claims (15)

The method of assessing biological age, including the measurement of systolic pressure (MAP), body mass (MT), characterized in that it additionally measures: lung capacity (VAL), right hand dynamometer (WPC), body fat percentage (LMT%), the percentage of active cell mass (% ACM), the percentage of total body water (RH%), basic metabolism (OSD), cholesterol level (CL), glucose level (GL), ankle-brachial index (SHI), activity rate regulatory systems (PARS), calculate the life The given index (LM) as the ratio of the GEL / MT and the power index (SI) as the ratio of DPK / MT, after which the numbers of centile intervals (QI) are determined in accordance with the tables 1-6 contained in the description, quantify the QI in points 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 in accordance with table 8 in the description, for each point determine the coefficient according to the formula k _b = log ₅ b, where b is the value of the gradation of parameters from 1 to 5, the estimate of biological age (BV) represent, in the form of a sum of DI coefficients, measured indicators divided by the number of these indicators by the formula: BW = (k _DI-LMC% + k _Qi-AKM% + k _Qi-OV% + k _Qi-singular + k _TI-SAD + k _Qi-CL + k _Qi-GL + k _Qi-LPI + k _Qi-ZHI + k _CI-SI + k _PARS ) / n, where n is the number of used morphofunctional and biochemical parameters, k _CI-WIT% - CI coefficient WIT%, k _QI-AKM% - coefficient QI AKM%, k _DI-RH% - RR DI factor% k _TSI-Osob - coefficient QI Osob, k _CI-SAD - coefficient CI SAD, k _CI-CL - the coefficient of CI level CL, k _CI-CH - the coefficient of CI level GL, k _CI-LPI - coefficient CI LPI, k _CI-JI - coefficient CI LM, k _CI-SI - the coefficient of CI SI, k _PARS - coefficient of PARS, The value of the result of biological age (BV) is determined by the Bio-age biological age scale in accordance with Table 9 contained in the description.

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