RU2690310C1 - Multi-cylinder axial crank-less piston thermal engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to machine building, in particular to the design of multi-cylinder axial crank-less machines, and can be used as a source of mechanical energy. Engine comprises cylinder block 1 with pistons 2, 3, inserted in it, rigidly connected to rods of rectangular section 4, 5 with upper pins 6, 7 fixed in them. There are rollers 8, 9 mounted on both sides of upper pin 6. Rollers 10, 11 are mounted on upper pin 7. Rollers 8, 10 interact with the upper end surface of the track of outer axial camshaft 12. Rollers 9, 11 rest on the upper end surface of the track of inner axial camshaft 13, which rests on bearing 14 installed in inner collars 15 of outer axial camshaft 12, seated due to collars 16 in bearing 17, mounted in housing 18, connected to cylinder block 1. For feedback of axial camshafts 12, 13 with rods of rectangular section 4, 5, lower pin 19 with two rollers 21, 22 is inserted in the rod of rectangular section 4. Lower pin 23 with two rollers 24, 25 is inserted into the rod of rectangular section 5. Rollers 21, 22 and rollers 24, 25 cooperate with the lower end surfaces of the tracks of axial camshafts 12, 13. In the lower part of camshaft 12, hollow shaft 26 is formed on which gear wheel 27 is mounted. It engages with gear 28, seated on shaft 29, on which gear 30 is mounted transmitting rotation to gear 31 of intermediate shaft 32, summing the torque on gear 33, mounted on load shaft 34 of inner axial camshaft 13, which is the output shaft.EFFECT: increases the service life and long-term strength, extends the range of operating frequencies of the engine, increases the average speed of the piston.1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of engineering, in particular to engine-building, and can be applied to any kind of consumer of mechanical energy.

Known analogs of the structures of crankless heat piston machines, in particular, a crankless reciprocating heat engine-engine (RU # 2460890 C1, F02B 75/26, F02B 75/32, F01B 9/06, announced 12.07.2011, publ. 10.09.2012), containing a piston connected to the rod by means of a rolling bearing. The second end of the rod is inserted into the carriage, which is the housing for the axis of the rollers. On both sides of the axis is installed one by one roller. The rollers run in a curved sinusoidal groove formed by two shaped bushings installed in the motor housing, above and below the rollers. The rollers make a complex movement: reciprocating and simultaneously with this rotational movement. The reciprocating motion is transmitted to the piston, allowing you to perform the necessary for the working cycle of the stroke, and, conversely, from the piston to the rollers during the working stroke of the piston. The rotational movement is perceived fork, performed on the output of the cargo shaft. The two horns of the fork form a rectangular groove in which the carriage has the possibility of linear movement due to the piston stroke, but at the same time the horns perceive the rotational movement of the carriage in the entire amplitude of the piston stroke. The double piston of the piston allows to balance the normal force and thus relieve the piston from it, which reduces the friction forces in the mechanism. The main disadvantages of this engine design are the following: the multi-cylinder version is possible only through the use of expensive gear wheels, with a laborious assembly that requires synchronization of individual single-cylinder modules with each other and the output shaft gear and increases the noise and vibration load of the engine; The treadmill can have only an even number of sinusoid periods, since the carriage is centrally located and has two support rollers, and this imposes restrictions on the design; between the roller and the two shaped sleeves that form the treadmills, there is a gap for free movement of the rollers, which creates a shock load on the parts and also increases the noise of the engine, and there is an inconsistency in the movement of the rollers, since it will rotate in one direction when it rolls around , and when run in on the other - in the other direction.

The closest analogue chosen as the prototype is the design of a ringless heat piston machine, in particular a crankless internal combustion engine (US Patent 5,992,356 "Opposed piston combustion engine"; November 30, 1999; Howell-Smith; Bradely David (Worongary, AU)) containing a cylinder block in which at least four liners are inserted, located radially, inside which four pistons reciprocate. Two pistons are mounted on a rod of rectangular cross section, one on one side, the other on the second side, and similarly on the second rod there are two other pistons. The rods are X-shaped. There are two fingers on the rod, one at one end, next to the piston, the other at the other end, also near the piston. On each finger with two ends mounted roller. On the side of the rod between the two rollers, there is a radial trihedral cam shaft, the axis of which passes through the slot in the rod, on the other side of the rod there is a similarly installed trihedral cam shaft, but rotating in the other direction. The rotation of the camshafts is due to the interaction with the rollers, which run in on a treadmill, made on the end surface of the camshafts. Each triangular camshaft on the cylindrical part has gears meshing with the gears of the synchronizing shaft. One of the camshafts is a weekend.

The main disadvantages of this engine are the following: a large mass of parts performing a reciprocating motion due to the large length of the rod, and two pistons at its two ends, which increases the inertia forces; increased radial engine size; a slot in the rod weakens its cross section, which reduces its strength; The treadmill can have only three periods, which imposes a limitation in the design of the structure and increases the inertial forces; The cams can have only one special profile, different from the sinusoidal one, which gives an asymmetrical flow of inertia forces during one stroke of the piston, impairing balance.

The technical problem of the invention is to increase the service life and long-term strength, expanding the range of operating frequencies of rotation of the engine, increasing the average speed of the piston.

This is achieved by the fact that in the liner offset from the axis of symmetry and arranged in a circle, pistons are installed. Each individual piston is rigidly connected with a rod of rectangular cross section, at the second end of which two fingers are fixed one below the other. Rollers are worn on each finger on both sides of the console. The rollers interact with two axial camshafts. Two axial camshafts are made in the form of hollow different sizes inserted one into the other cylinders, while at the internal axle camshaft the treadmill is made on the outer cylindrical side, and at the external axial camshaft the treadmill is made on the internal cylindrical side, in the form of a two-period sinusoidal closed cantilever shelf. Two inner, upper and lower, rollers cover a two-period sinusoidal closed cantilever shelf of the inner axial camshaft, and two outer, upper and lower, rollers encompass a two-period sinusoidal closed cantilever shelf of the outer axial camshaft. At the inner axial camshaft, the end part is a thick-walled bottom, which passes into the cargo shaft. The outer axial camshaft in the front part has a thick-walled bottom with a hole for the passage of the cargo shaft, and on the outside of the bottom there are shoulders for mounting the bearing for the cargo shaft. In the upper outer part of the outer axial camshaft there are bolts for mounting the bearing installed in the housing. The cargo shaft as a continuation of the internal axial shaft is fixed in a bearing installed in the shoulders of the bottom of the external axial camshaft, and in two bearings that are in the case of the synchronizing mechanism. The synchronization mechanism includes a gear wheel, mounted on the hollow shaft of the outer axial camshaft and engaging with a gear wheel with the same diameter, on the shaft of which a gear wheel with a smaller diameter is mounted, which engages with gear wheels of the same diameter, one of which intermediate, and another by means of a key is connected with a cargo shaft.

Two axial camshaft rotate in different directions, due to which there are two normal forces acting from the center of the rollers along the normal to the tangent held to the treadmill surface of a sinusoidal closed cantilever shelf. This allows the piston to move in a straight line and without affecting its side surface of a normal force, which presses it against the cylinder liner. As a consequence, the friction forces in the piston-sleeve pair are reduced. Normal force acts on the rollers, which are in conditions of low temperatures and abundant lubrication and are involved in rolling friction. The rotation of the axial camshafts is synchronized with the help of gear wheels.

This design of a multi-cylinder axial, crankless piston heat engine has the following advantages:

- reduced friction forces in a pair of piston-liner, caused by the fact that the piston is free from normal force, which increases the life of the engine, increases the mechanical efficiency of the engine mechanism;

- the increased value of the maximum operating frequency of the rotation of the engine, caused by the absence of a normal force in the piston-sleeve pair, since, with its presence, the friction forces in this pair increase with their increase;

- increased average piston speed due to increased engine operating speeds;

- the possibility of increasing the number of cylinders in one cylinder block using a single synchronization mechanism;

- low mass of the rod due to its small length, due to the fact that the piston is located on one side of the treadmill camshafts, which in turn reduces the inertia forces acting on the rod of the movement conversion mechanism, and reduces the mechanical stresses in its cross section, increasing its long-term strength ;

- reduced inertia forces allow to expand the range of engine rotational speeds and increase the average piston speed;

- the rod has a solid design, which increases its long-term strength;

- the possibility of using one period of a treadmill made in the form of closed cantilever shelves on axial camshafts, without using additional rollers on the rod with a support in the housing, or a special profile of treadmills made on two radial cams rotating in opposite directions;

- an extended range of operating frequencies of the engine when using one period of the treadmill, due to the fact that in multiperiod engines the inertia forces increase in a square from the number of periods, and high inertia forces limit the maximum rotational speeds.

Description of the technical solution of the engine construction is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section of a multi-cylinder axial, crankless piston heat engine; in fig. 2 is a three-dimensional image of an internal axial camshaft; in fig. 3 is a three-dimensional image of an external axial camshaft.

A multi-cylinder axial, crankless piston heat engine contains a cylinder block 1 with pistons 2, 3 inserted into it; pistons 2, 3 are rigidly connected with rectangular rods 4, 5 with upper fingers 6, 7 fixed in them, two sides of upper finger 6 are wearing rollers 8, 9, similarly rollers 10, 11 are mounted on upper finger 7, rollers 8, 10 interact with the upper end surface of the treadmill of a two-period sinusoidal closed cantilever flange of the external axial camshaft 12, rollers 9, 11 rest on the upper end surface of the treadmill of a two-periodic sinusoidal closed cantilever flange of the internal axial camshaft 13, Secondly, it relies on a bearing 14 mounted in the inner shoulders 15 of an outer axial camshaft 12, seated by shoulders 16 in a bearing 17, mounted in a housing 18, connected to the cylinder block 1. For feedback axial camshafts 12, 13 with rectangular rods 4, 5, the lower pin 19 with two rollers 21, 22 is inserted into the rectangular stem 4, and the lower pin 23 with two rollers 24, 25 is inserted into the rectangular stem 5 5. As a result, the rollers 21, 22 and the rollers 24, 25 interact with bottom end surfaces The treads of the two-period sinusoidal closed cantilever shelves of axial camshafts 12, 13. In the lower part of the external axial camshaft 12 there is a hollow shaft 26, on which a gear wheel 27 is engaged, meshing with the gear wheel 28, which sits on the shaft 29, on which mounted gear 30, transmitting the rotation to the gear 31 of the intermediate shaft 32, the sum of the torque on the gear 33 mounted on the load shaft 34 of the inner axial camshaft 13, which is the output.

A multi-cylinder axial, crankless piston heat engine operates in a four-stroke cycle and has two valves per cylinder.

Operating principle. The high pressure of the working fluid formed during the combustion of the fuel inside the cylinder of the cylinder 1 is transferred to the piston 2, forcing it to move from TDC to BDC, making a working stroke. Together with the piston 2, a rigidly connected rod of rectangular section 4 is moved, on which is attached a pin 6 with two rollers 8, 9. The rollers 8, 9 rest on the upper end surfaces of the treadmills of the two-period sinusoidal closed cantilever shelves of two axial camshafts 12, 13, forcing them to turn around their axis, but in different directions. To perform the intake stroke and feedback on the rectangular stem 4, a second finger 19 is fastened under the finger 6, with a second pair of rollers 21, 22 resting on the lower end surfaces of the treadmills of the two-period sinusoidal cantilever shelves of the axial camshafts 12, 13. Rotation of the axial cam the shafts 12, 13, kinematically connected with the rollers 24 and 25, sitting on the lower pin 23 of the rod 5, causes the linear movement of the rod 5 and the associated piston 3 down inside the cylinder of the cylinder block 1. Thus, a stroke is performed OSCAL. On the hollow shaft 26 of the outer camshaft 12 there is a gear wheel 27, transmitting rotation to a gear wheel 28, sitting on the shaft 29 with a gear wheel 30 meshing with a gear wheel 31, changing the direction of rotation and transmitting torque to the gear wheel 33, connected a key with a cargo shaft 34, which is a continuation of the inner cam shaft 13.

The proposed multi-cylinder axial crankless piston heat engine can be used as a source of mechanical energy for any type of transport and to drive stationary consumers of mechanical energy, it can also be used in pneumatic and hydraulic engineering as pumps and motors.

Claims (1)

A multi-cylinder axial axial crankless piston heat engine containing a cylinder block with at least two pistons inserted into it, each individual piston is rigidly connected to a rectangular rod, with two fingers inserted into it, on which rollers are put on the console from both sides, rotating in opposite directions camshafts connected by means of gears, one of which is a load shaft, characterized in that the two camshafts are axial, in the form of hollow different sizes inserted one into another At the inner axial camshaft, the treadmill is made on the outer cylindrical side, and at the outer axial camshaft the treadmill is made on the inner cylindrical side, in the form of a two-period sinusoidal closed cantilever flange, at the inner axial camshaft the end part is thick-walled bottom passing into the cargo shaft, at the external axial camshaft in the upper outer part there are made shoulders for mounting the bearing installed in the housing, with The end part is a thick-walled bottom with a hole for the passage of the cargo shaft, on the outside of the bottom there are bolts for installing the bearing for the cargo shaft, which, moreover, is fixed in two bearings installed in the case of the synchronization mechanism, which includes a gear wheel mounted on a hollow the shaft of the outer axial camshaft and engaging with a gear wheel with the same diameter, on the shaft of which a gear wheel with a smaller diameter is fixed, which engages with gear wheels the same diameter, one of which is intermediate and the other is connected with a load shaft by the key, which is a continuation of the internal axial camshaft, which, like the external axial camshaft, interacts with the rollers located at one end of the rod so that the external top and bottom the rollers cover the treadmill of the outer axial camshaft, and the inner upper and lower rollers span the treadmill of the inner axial camshaft.

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