Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is: for overcoming the above-mentioned shortcoming that existing crankshaft-link rod type internal-combustion engine exists, the present invention provides a kind of simple and compact for structure, volume is little, impact shock is little, running is steady, power is big, the life-span is long, efficient is high low-speed big quartastroke engine---interior two-phase shock wave fork transmission type internal-combustion engine.
The technological scheme that the present invention is taked for its technical problem of solution is: two-phase shock wave fork transmission type internal-combustion engine in a kind of, mainly form by two-phase shock wave wheel (13), oscillating tooth (14), fork (15), movable teeth rack (16), waveform wheel (17) and starting system, gas distribution system, cooling system, oil supply system, lubrication system etc. in intake valve (1), cylinder head (2), cylinder (3), exhaust valve (4), cylinder body (5), push rod (6), piston (7), spring (8), roller (9), output shaft (10), oscillating tooth bearing pin (11), fork bearing pin (12), the evagination.It is characterized in that: eight cylinders (3) circular symmetric be distributed on two-phase shock wave wheel (13) in the evagination around; Two-phase shock wave fork driving mechanism changes the linear reciprocating motion of piston into output shaft rotatablely move in the external cam--and cylinder piston (7) directly acts on the interior two-phase shock wave wheel of evagination (13) through push rod (6); Promote two-phase shock wave wheel (13) rotation in the evagination; The internal surface of two-phase shock wave wheel promotes oscillating tooth (14) motion in the evagination; Oscillating tooth rotates around oscillating tooth bearing pin (11) under the effect of contraction of movable teeth rack and fork, simultaneously again with fork (12) swing, forces oscillating tooth (14) and waveform wheel (17) engagement; Drive waveforms wheel (17) rotates, and by with output shaft (10) outputting power of waveform wheel (17) key connecting.
In technique scheme, two-phase shock wave fork driving mechanism is combined by cam mechanism and interior two-phase shock wave fork movable tooth drive mechanism in the external cam.Wherein, Cam mechanism is made up of two-phase shock wave wheel (13), cylinder body (5), spring (8) in push rod (6), roller (9), the evagination; One end of push rod (6) and piston (7) are fixedly connected, and the other end is equipped with roller (9), and roller (9) makes contacting by sliding friction of (13) of the interior two-phase shock wave wheel of push rod (6) and evagination become rolling friction; One end of spring (8) is fixed on below the piston (7); The other end is fixed on the boss of cylinder bottom, spring (8) make on the push rod roller (9) all the time with evagination in two-phase shock wave wheel (13) contact, each cylinder all is furnished with piston, is with the push rod and the spring of roller.
Interior two-phase shock wave fork movable tooth drive mechanism is taken turns (17) by two-phase shock wave wheel (13), oscillating tooth (14), oscillating tooth bearing pin (11), fork (15), fork bearing pin (12), movable teeth rack (16), waveform in the evagination and is formed with the output shaft (10) of its key connecting.The outer surface of two-phase shock wave wheel (13) is four phase cam profiles in the evagination; Inside is oval two-phase shock surface; So two-phase shock wave wheel (13) is the cam in the cam mechanism in the evagination; Be again the interior two-phase shock wave device in the interior two-phase shock wave fork movable tooth drive mechanism, two-phase shock wave wheel (13) organically unites two into one internal-combustion engine and interior two-phase shock wave fork Oscillating Tooth Gear Reducer in the evagination, and whole interior two-phase shock wave fork movable tooth drive mechanism is built in the inside of two-phase shock wave wheel (13) in the evagination.
The outer surface cam profile curve of two-phase shock wave wheel (13) can be selected according to the actual design needs in the evagination, to obtain best dynamic performance, improves the energy conversion efficiency of internal-combustion engine.The shaft axis of two-phase shock wave wheel (13), movable teeth rack (16) and waveform wheel parts such as (17) overlaps and is supported by rack bearing in output shaft (10), the evagination.It is 2 that the wave number ZK that oscillating tooth is counted ZG and waveform wheel differs; Movable teeth rack (16) connects firmly with frame; Waveform wheel (17) and output shaft (10) key connecting; Oscillating tooth (14) is meshed respectively and all forms higher pair with the interior two-phase shock wave wheel of evagination (13), waveform wheel (17), and oscillating tooth (14) passes through oscillating tooth bearing pin (11) composition revolute pair with fork (5), and fork (15) is formed revolute pair with movable teeth rack (16) through fork bearing pin (12).
In technique scheme; The outside of two-phase shock wave wheel (13) is to have four four phase cams that are mutually 90 ° of angle projections in the evagination; Eight cylinders (3) circular symmetric be distributed on two-phase shock wave wheel (13) in the evagination around; Cylinder piston (7) working state of wherein any two 180 ° of symmetric arrangement of being separated by is synchronous; Two cylinder pistons that working state is synchronous are as one group, and four groups of cylinder pistons carry out suction stroke, compression stroke, gaseous combustion expansion stroke and exhaust stroke successively, and the stroke of piston process of two adjacent groups cylinder is 45 ° corresponding to the phase difference of two-phase shock wave wheel (13) corner in the evagination.
Compared with present technology main inventive point of the present invention is:
1. eight air cylinder annular symmetries are distributed in the evagination around the two-phase shock wave wheel, and cylinder piston directly acts in the evagination on the two-phase shock wave wheel through push rod, and power is passed to output shaft output by two-phase shock wave wheel in the evagination through interior two-phase shock wave fork Oscillating Tooth Gear Reducer.
2. the outside of two-phase shock wave wheel is to have four four phase cams that are mutually 90 ° of angle projections in the evagination; And inside is the structure of two-phase shock surface, and interior two-phase shock wave fork movable tooth drive mechanism is built in the cam of cam mechanism, and the interior two-phase shock wave wheel in cam and the interior two-phase shock wave fork movable tooth drive mechanism in the cam mechanism is united two into one; Obtain two-phase shock wave fork driving mechanism in the external cam; And, the Oscillating Tooth Gear Reducer technology is introduced technical field of internal combustion engines with the connecting rod in the existing crankshaft-link rod type internal-combustion engine of this new mechanism replacement, not only thoroughly removed crankshaft-and-connecting-rod; And internal-combustion engine and speed change gear (retarder) united two into one; Obtained a kind of compact structure, small and exquisite novel high-power power machine, compared with crankshaft-link rod type internal-combustion engine, internal-combustion engine axial dimension of the present invention reduces greatly.
3. the pto of internal-combustion engine is the output shaft of taking turns key connecting with waveform; Interior two-phase shock wave fork Oscillating Tooth Gear Reducer is with two-phase shock wave wheel input power in the evagination, and movable teeth rack is fixed, the output of waveform wheel; Can realize bigger velocity ratio, internal-combustion engine low-speed big outputting power.4. the velocity ratio of two-phase shock wave fork Oscillating Tooth Gear Reducer in the output shaft rotating speed depends on; And in suitably selecting two-phase shock wave fork Oscillating Tooth Gear Reducer join the tooth scheme; Can obtain bigger velocity ratio, and shock wave device is interior two-phase shock wave device, it is 2 that the wave number ZK that oscillating tooth is counted ZG and waveform wheel differs; Do not need eccentric the installation, entire mechanism receives force self-balanced.
5. in the interior two-phase shock wave fork Oscillating Tooth Gear Reducer, two-phase shock wave wheel is multiple tooth engagement with oscillating tooth in the evagination, so can realize transmission high-power, high pulling torque.
The present invention compares with existing reciprocating type crankshaft-link rod type internal-combustion engine, has following beneficial technical effects:
1. impact little, vibration is little, noise is little, running is steady
Two-phase shock wave fork driving mechanism has replaced the connecting rod in the existing crankshaft-link rod type internal-combustion engine in the external cam because the present invention adopts; Completely abolished crankshaft-and-connecting-rod; Two-phase shock wave wheel and interior two-phase shock wave fork movable tooth drive mechanism all are axially symmetric structures in the evagination; There are not eccentric mass and uneven centrifugal force; Eliminated because of bent axle mass eccentricity, connecting rod do inertial force and tilting moment and consequent impact shock and noise that plane motion causes, eliminated the connecting rod beat and caused piston to bounce vibration and noise that cylinder wall causes.
Eight air cylinder annular symmetries are distributed in the evagination around the two-phase shock wave wheel, and the cylinder piston working state of wherein any two 180 ° of symmetric arrangement of being separated by is synchronous, that is: or air-breathing simultaneously or compression simultaneously or acting of gaseous combustion simultaneously or exhaust simultaneously; Therefore; The appearance that impact force is always paired can be cancelled out each other, and it is zero that the interior two-phase shock wave wheel of evagination is made a concerted effort; So impact shock is less, thereby internal combustion engine operation is very steady.
Compact structure, volume is little, in light weight, axial dimension is little
Owing to cancelled the bent axle of bulky complex; Each air cylinder annular symmetry is distributed on around the interior two-phase shock wave wheel of evagination; And interior two-phase shock wave fork movable tooth drive mechanism is built in the interior two-phase shock wave wheel of evagination; Two-phase shock wave wheel is the cam in the cam mechanism in the evagination, is again the two-phase shock wave device in the interior two-phase shock wave fork movable tooth drive mechanism, so Structure of Internal-Combustion Engine of the present invention is compact, axial dimension is little, volume is little, in light weight.
The present invention adopts the power that two-phase shock wave fork driving mechanism output piston produces in the external cam, and internal-combustion engine and speed change gear (retarder) are united two into one, and need not to join in addition speed reducer, and structure is reduced greatly, so compact structure, small and exquisite.
3. velocity ratio is bigger, the integrated preparatory deceleration of complete machine
The pto of this internal-combustion engine is the output shaft of taking turns key connecting with waveform; Interior two-phase shock wave fork Oscillating Tooth Gear Reducer is with two-phase shock wave wheel input power in the evagination; Movable teeth rack is fixed, and the output of waveform wheel suitably selects to join the tooth scheme; Can realize bigger velocity ratio, and still keep plurality of advantages such as compact structure, quality is little, volume is little.Internal-combustion engine low-speed big outputting power can be widely used in needing the fields such as military affairs, national defence of high-power machinery transmission, such as tank, armored vehicle and engineering machinery excavator, bulldozer etc.
Fretting wear little, receive force self-balanced, oil consumption is low, efficient is high, the life-span is long
Because the driving force of piston is directly passed to two-phase shock wave wheel in the evagination after interior two-phase shock wave fork Oscillating Tooth Gear Reducer is passed to output shaft output through the push rod roller.In piston push rod and the evagination between the two-phase shock wave wheel for rolling friction connects, the transmission efficiency height has been cancelled serious wear, connecting rod that friction power loss is big.Interior two-phase shock wave fork Oscillating Tooth Gear Reducer is that multiple tooth engagement, bearing capacity are big, is again the engagement of rolling, and makes transmission efficiency high, and because of multiple tooth engagement simultaneously, output rigidity is big, and transmission is also more steadily reliable.Two-phase shock wave wheel can be realized shock wave and guarantee himself and the stressed autobalance of inner oscillating tooth in the evagination simultaneously; In transmission device, do not exist and need eccentric inertial force, excitation force and the tilting moment etc. of shock wave device being installed and existing in the tooth difference Oscillating Tooth Gear Reducer; Avoided the vibrational excitation of transmission device from transmission principle; Thereby help improving the efficient of transmission, its efficiency value can reach 0.97~0.99.The mechanical friction wearing and tearing are also less, and oil consumption is low, and internal-combustion engine life-span is longer.
5. have good and economic, power character and exhaust index
Because the characteristics of motion of piston depends on the exterior contour curve of two-phase shock wave wheel in the evagination fully; So can design cam profile through choosing appropriate piston motion rule; And appropriate piston motion rule should make abundant, perfect, the fuel thermal energy utilization ratio height of gaseous combustion in the cylinder; Therefore, internal-combustion engine of the present invention has good power character, Economy and exhaust index, can reach energy-conserving and environment-protective and the purpose that improves gear efficiency.
6. simple in structure, good manufacturability, cost of production are low
Design of part in the internal-combustion engine of the present invention is simple, good manufacturability, cost of production are low, has completely abolished the crankshaft-and-connecting-rod of complex structure, manufacturing difficulty.
7. bearing capacity is big
Interior two-phase shock wave fork Oscillating Tooth Gear Reducer is multiple tooth engagement, stable drive, and oscillating tooth can be shared load jointly and realize power dividing.So internal combustion engine operation is steady, the ability of opposing shock and vibration is stronger, and bearing capacity is big.
Specific embodiment
Fig. 1; Two-phase shock wave fork transmission type internal-combustion engine in shown in Figure 2 is made up of two-phase shock wave wheel (13), oscillating tooth (14), fork (15), movable teeth rack (16), waveform wheel (17) etc. in intake valve (1), cylinder head (2), cylinder (3), exhaust valve (4), cylinder body (5), push rod (6), piston (7), spring (8), roller (9), output shaft (10), oscillating tooth bearing pin (11), fork bearing pin (12), the evagination.Eight cylinders (3) axle center symmetrically annular be distributed on two-phase shock wave wheel (13) in the evagination around, the angle of adjacent two cylinders is 45 °.A piston (7) is arranged in each cylinder (3); One end of push rod (6) and piston (7) are consolidated; The other end is equipped with roller (9), and it is that rolling friction connects that roller (9) makes the interior two-phase shock wave of push rod (6) and evagination take turns connecting between (13), and an end of spring (8) is fixed on piston (7) bottom; The other end is fixed on the boss of cylinder (3) bottom, the effect of spring (8) be make on the push rod (6) roller (9) all the time with evagination in two-phase shock wave wheel (12) contact.The outside of two-phase shock wave wheel (13) is four phase cams with four projections that are mutually 90 ° of angles and axle center symmetry in the evagination, and inside is oval interior two-phase shock surface.Two-phase shock wave wheel (13) is organically integrated cam mechanism and interior two-phase shock wave fork movable tooth drive mechanism in the evagination.Two-phase shock wave wheel (13) is the cam in the cam mechanism in the evagination, is again the interior two-phase shock wave wheel in the interior two-phase shock wave fork movable tooth drive mechanism, and whole interior two-phase shock wave fork movable tooth drive mechanism is embedded in the inside of two-phase shock wave wheel (13) in the evagination.Interior two-phase shock wave fork movable tooth drive mechanism is taken turns (17) by two-phase shock wave wheel (13), oscillating tooth (14), fork (15), movable teeth rack (16), waveform in oscillating tooth bearing pin (11), fork bearing pin (12), the evagination and is taken turns with waveform
(17) output shaft of key connecting (10) is formed.Movable teeth rack (16) connects firmly with frame; Waveform wheel (17) and output shaft (10) key connecting; Two-phase shock wave wheel (13), waveform wheel (17) the formation higher pair that is meshed respectively in oscillating tooth (14) and the evagination; Oscillating tooth (14) is formed revolute pair with fork (15) through oscillating tooth bearing pin (11), and fork (15) is formed revolute pair with movable teeth rack (16) through fork bearing pin (12).The shaft axis of two-phase shock wave wheel (13), movable teeth rack (16) and waveform wheel parts such as (17) overlaps and is supported by rack bearing in output shaft (10), the evagination.Therefore internal-combustion engine of the present invention not only has the series of advantages of interior two-phase shock wave fork Oscillating Tooth Gear Reducer, and structure is very compact.The outer surface cam profile curve of two-phase shock wave wheel (13) can be chosen different curves on demand in the evagination.Present embodiment is made the cosine acceleration motion rule by piston (7) and is confirmed cam profile curve; Promptly when two-phase shock wave in the evagination is taken turns (13) uniform rotation; Piston (7) does reciprocating linear motion by the cosine acceleration motion rule, and its cycle of motion is 1/4th of the interior two-phase shock wave wheel of evagination (13) period of rotation.The pto of present embodiment internal-combustion engine is the output shaft (10) of taking turns key connecting with waveform; Interior two-phase shock wave fork Oscillating Tooth Gear Reducer is with two-phase shock wave wheel input power in the evagination, and movable teeth rack is fixed, the output of waveform wheel; Can realize bigger velocity ratio, but internal-combustion engine low-speed big outputting power.
The working principle of internal-combustion engine according to the invention is: when internal combustion engine; Piston (7) in the gaseous combustion acting cylinder; Its driving force acts on the interior two-phase shock wave wheel of evagination (13) through push rod (6); Promote the interior two-phase shock wave wheel of evagination (13) and be rotated counterclockwise, power is passed to output shaft (10) output by two-phase shock wave wheel (13) in the evagination through interior two-phase shock wave fork movable tooth drive mechanism; Because the rotation of two-phase shock wave wheel (13) in the evagination, roller (9) two-phase shock wave wheel (13) profile in the evagination rolls and make push rod (6) and the piston (7) that not have to do work slides in cylinder (3), accomplishes the task of air-breathing or pressurized gas or exhaust.In Fig. 1, with cylinder a and e, b and f, c and g, d and h each as one group, then have four groups of cylinders.If the piston among cylinder a, the e is in the initial position of suction stroke; Piston among cylinder b, the f is in the initial position of compression stroke; Piston among cylinder c, the g is in the initial position of gaseous combustion expansion stroke; Piston among cylinder d, the h is in the initial position of exhaust stroke, and the stroke process of two adjacent groups cylinder piston differs a stroke, and the phase difference of taking turns (13) corner corresponding to two-phase shock wave in the evagination is 45 °.Then two-phase shock wave wheel (13) turns over after 45 ° counterclockwise in the evagination, cylinder b, the f acting that takes fire again, and the two-phase shock wave is taken turns and is turned over after 45 ° more counterclockwise in the evagination; Cylinder a, the e acting that takes fire again; Then be cylinder d, the h acting that takes fire after cylinder a, e work by combustion accomplish, take turns to cylinder c and g work by combustion afterwards again, so circulate; Make two-phase shock wave wheel (13) running reposefully continuously in the evagination, two-phase shock wave wheel internal surface promotes oscillating tooth in the evagination
(14) motion; Oscillating tooth (14) rotates around oscillating tooth bearing pin (11) under the effect of contraction of movable teeth rack (16) and fork (15); Swing with fork (12) again simultaneously; Force oscillating tooth (14) and waveform wheel (17) engagement, drive waveforms is taken turns (17) and is rotated, and by reposefully power and motion being exported continuously with the output shaft (10) of waveform wheel (17) key connecting.180 ° of symmetric arrangement because two cylinders in every group of cylinder are separated by; And working state is identical at any time; So eight pistons (7) to the comprehensive function effect of two-phase shock wave wheel (13) in the evagination are: two-phase shock wave wheel (13) only receives the effect of pure couple in the evagination, and to make a concerted effort be zero.Because two-phase shock wave wheel (13) not only has structural symmetry with interior two-phase shock wave fork movable tooth drive mechanism in the evagination, and stressed also be symmetrical, so be zero their suffered making a concerted effort, only receive force couple role.Therefore the impact shock of internal-combustion engine of the present invention is little, and motion steadily.
Be the speed change characteristic of explanation internal-combustion engine of the present invention, the wave number of establishing oscillating tooth (14) number of teeth, waveform wheel (17) is respectively: z
G=8, z
K=10, the rotating speed of two-phase shock wave wheel (13) is n in the evagination
13=800r/min.Movable teeth rack (16) is fixed (ω
G=0), then the velocity ratio of interior two-phase shock wave fork Oscillating Tooth Gear Reducer is:
So n
17=n
10=160r/min, visible, waveform wheel (17), output shaft (10) turn to evagination in two-phase shock wave wheel (13) identical, rotating speed two-phase shock wave wheel (13) in the evagination, internal-combustion engine deceleration outputting power can be realized large torque low speed output.This specific character is well suited for the occasion of high pulling torque output, needing can be widely used in the fields such as military affairs, national defence of high-power machinery transmission, such as tank, armored vehicle and engineering machinery excavator, bulldozer etc.
The internal-combustion engine of present embodiment also is provided with starting system, gas distribution system, lubrication system, oil supply system and cooling system etc.