CN100434668C

CN100434668C - Internal combustion engine without crankshaft

Info

Publication number: CN100434668C
Application number: CNB2007100482199A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 姚进; 李华
Original assignee: Sichuan University
Current assignee: Sichuan University
Priority date: 2007-01-08
Filing date: 2007-01-08
Publication date: 2008-11-19
Anticipated expiration: 2027-01-08
Also published as: CN101008348A

Abstract

A non-crank internal-combustion engine arranges eight cylinders annularly uniformly around the distributing cam. The cylinder piston is directly functioned on the output cam; the power is output by the output cam via the output axle. The invention eliminates the connecting rod and crank of traditional internal-combustion engine, while the functions of eight cylinders are balance. The gas inlets and outlets of all cylinders are controlled by two cams. The axle of cam is layered with the axle of output axle. When distributing gas via synchronous band transmitter, the transmission ratio between cam axle and output axle is large. The invention has compact structure, stable operation and low noise, or the like.

Description

A kind of crankless internal-combustion engines

Technical field

The present invention relates to the gas power field, belong to a kind of multi-cylinder engine.

Technical background

Existing internal-combustion engine mostly be stroke piston combustion engine, be divided into two kinds of two-stroke and four-strokes, by slidercrank mechanism the straight line motion of cylinder piston is converted into the output that rotatablely moves.Because there are the transmission chain length in the existence of crank and linkage mechanism, existing internal-combustion engine, impact shortcomings such as big, that vibration is big, noise is big.Two-stroke formula I. C. engine crankshaft rotates in the process in a week can finish a work cycle, but some fresh inflammable gas is discharged from exhaust process, more less economical than the quartastroke engine. and it is many to discharge dirt, and environment is polluted.The bent axle of quartastroke engine rotates finishes a work cycle two weeks, and under the situation of same volume and rotating speed, the power of quartastroke engine is 1/2nd of two stroke IC engine in theory.

Oscillating Tooth Gear Reducer is a kind of novel transmission of superior performance, has that velocity ratio is big, bearing capacity is strong, the efficient advantages of higher.It mainly is made up of several parts such as shock wave device, movable teeth rack, oscillating tooth and waveform wheels, and each member all is in the same plane.Oscillating tooth is higher pair with shock wave device with the waveform wheel and contacts, and oscillating tooth promotes waveform crop rotation continuous rotary motion under the effect of shock wave device, realizes the conversion of motion.The push-rod oscillating tooth transmission is comparatively typically a kind of in the Oscillating Tooth Gear Reducer, and push-rod oscillating tooth does reciprocating linear motion in movable teeth rack, promotes the rotation of waveform wheel.

If the Oscillating Tooth Gear Reducer technology is incorporated in the internal-combustion engine, then both can overcome the less economical shortcoming of two stroke IC engine, can overcome the little deficiency of four-stroke ic acc power again.

Summary of the invention

Purpose of the present invention: superior push-rod oscillating tooth drive technology is incorporated in the internal-combustion engine, thereby provide a kind of compact structure, running steadily, noise is little, rotating speed is low, high-power internal combustion engine.

Technological scheme of the present invention: the cylinder piston that the push-rod oscillating tooth that does reciprocating linear motion in the push-rod oscillating tooth transmission is converted into internal-combustion engine; Shock wave device in the Oscillating Tooth Gear Reducer is converted into the valve cam of internal-combustion engine; Waveform in push-rod oscillating tooth transmission wheel is converted into output cam; Eight air cylinder annulars are arranged in around the valve cam, to realize the distribution centralized control; Change the arrangement of traditional combustion engine camshaft, allow the dead in line of camshaft and output shaft; The valve timing control of internal-combustion engine is realized by synchronous belt drive mechanism.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 crankless internal-combustion engines schematic diagram

Fig. 2 crankless internal-combustion engines structural representation

Fig. 3 output cam and roller keep in touch under the effect of cylinder spring

Fig. 4 structural representation of air cylinder

Fig. 5 intake valve control cam

Fig. 6 exhaust valve control cam

Among the figure: 1, frame, 2, output shaft, 3, output cam, 4, roller, 5, piston, 6, cylinder, 7, end cap, 8, exhaust valve, 9, exhaust cam, 10, synchronous pulley, 11, distribution cam axle, 12, synchronous band, 13, intake cam, 14, intake valve, 15, belt shaft, 16, bearing

The specific embodiment of the invention

The working principle of this internal-combustion engine as shown in Figure 1, eight cylinders (6) maintain static.Wherein the piston in I, the V cylinder is in top dead center position, the spark plug igniting, the fuel gas buring and the promotion piston acting of expanding, expansion stroke begins, piston (5) setting in motion also promotes output cam (3) by roller (4) and turns clockwise, output cam and output shaft fixed connection together, thereby output shaft is turned clockwise; Piston in II, the VI cylinder is in bottom dead center position, and piston is discharged cylinder with gas under the promotion of output cam, and exhaust stroke begins; Piston in III, the VII cylinder is in top dead center position, and piston moves to lower dead center under the effect of output cam, and volume of cylinder increases, and suction stroke begins; IV, VIII piston are in bottom dead center position, and piston moves to top dead center under the effect of output cam, and volume of cylinder reduces, gas pressurized in the cylinder, and compression stroke begins.When output cam turns over 45 °, IV, VIII cylinder are in the state that expansion stroke begins, I, V cylinder are in the state that exhaust stroke begins, and II, VI cylinder are in the state that suction stroke begins, and III, VII cylinder are in the state that compression stroke begins.Circulation so again and again, output shaft can stably rotate always.

From the above: at any one constantly, have two cylinders to be in expansion stroke in eight cylinders, two cylinders are in exhaust stroke, and two cylinders are in suction stroke, and two cylinders are in compression stroke.The working state of two cylinders that the phase phase difference is 180 ° is identical.Each piston has only the effect of couple to the comprehensive effect of output cam, do not have the effect of power, so this internal combustion engine is steady, noise is little, vibratory impulse is little.

The structure of this internal-combustion engine as shown in Figure 2, end cap (7) is fixed on the frame (1), eight cylinders (6) are fixed on the end cap (7), on the piston (5) in the cylinder roller (4) is installed, roller (4) contacts with output cam (3) higher pair, output cam (3) is connected with output shaft (2), and output shaft (2) is bearing on the frame (1) by two rolling bearings.Two valve cams (9,13) are fixed on the distribution cam axle (11), and distribution cam axle (11) one end bearings are on output shaft (2), and the other end is bearing on the end cap (7).Output shaft arrives power transmission on the distribution cam axle (11) by four synchronous pulleys (10), two synchronous bands (12) and a belt shaft (15), to realize valve timing.

The Placement of piston and output cam can have two kinds: first kind of mode as shown in Figure 1, the piston roller is installed in the circular groove on the output cam, to guarantee contacting of piston roller and output cam.The second way as shown in Figure 3, piston contacts with the interior profile of output cam by roller, contact with output cam all the time for guaranteeing roller, be in the guiding cylinder installation cylinder spring.

The structure of cylinder is made up of small one and large one two cylinder polyphones as shown in Figure 4, and little cylinder is the firing chamber, and gas expansion for doing work is finished at this; Big cylinder is a guide cylinder, and it plays the effect of a guiding to the motion of piston, and the guiding cylinder mainly bears the positive pressure that piston imposes on cylinder wall, and piston is less to the positive pressure of combustion cylinders.This structure helps reducing the wearing and tearing of combustion cylinders, improves its life-span.Cylinder piston is made up of small one and large one two pistons and piston rod, when cylinder piston moved in cylinder, the gas volume between the big small piston can change, and therefore will open several exhaust ports on big piston, be easy to the discharge of gas, this structure also helps the heat radiation of small piston.For preventing that piston from rotating around cylinder-bore axis, the phenomenon that piston roller and output cam disengage appears, and the sectional shape of guiding cylinder is as round rectangle.

Eight cylinders of this internal-combustion engine have 16 air-distributing valves, by two valve cam centralized control, and eight intake valves of intake cam control, eight exhaust valves of exhaust cam control.The switching situation of each valve is as shown in table 1.The shape of intake cam and exhaust cam identical, they all are fixed on the cam holder, and the phase place of the two only differs 45 °, and its shape is as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6.Table 1 valve opens and closes information slip

	Air-breathing	Compression	Work done	Exhaust
	Air-breathing	Compression	Work done	Exhaust	Intake valve	Open	Close	Close	Close
Exhaust valve	Close	Close	Close	Open	Intake valve	Open	Close	Close	Close

As shown in Figure 5, valve cam rotates a circle, and cylinder piston is finished two circulations.As can be seen from Figure 1, piston is whenever finished a work cycle, and output cam turns over two teeth.Therefore, valve cam whenever rotates a circle, and output cam turns over four teeth.The number of teeth of output cam is generally 4 multiple, and output cam one has 12 teeth among Fig. 1, so the velocity ratio between output shaft and the distribution cam axle is 1: 3, if the number of teeth of output wheel is 16 teeth, then this velocity ratio is 1: 4.And the bent axle of conventional, four-stroke internal-combustion engine and the velocity ratio between the camshaft are 1: 1.This shows, compare that this kind internal-combustion engine can be realized slow-speed of revolution output, has the function of retarder with traditional combustion engine.

By among Fig. 1 as can be seen, the distance between the force bearing point of output cam and its gyration center is bigger, so piston can produce bigger output torque to its active force.

The profilogram of output cam is generally spline curve, and simple for manufacturing, the combination that also can select simple lines for use is as the combination of circular arc and straight line.The profilogram of output cam is symmetry fully, so this internal-combustion engine both can just change also and can reverse, and it turns to by startup and turns to decision.

By aforementioned analysis as can be known, the working state of two cylinders of 180 ° of phase phase differences is identical.Each piston has only the effect of couple to the comprehensive effect of output cam, do not have the effect of power, so output cam can rotate stably.Because the radius of output cam is bigger, and it and output shaft fixed connection be one, so they have very big rotary inertia.When the position of output cam and cylinder concerns as shown in Figure 1, be in the dead center position, output cam can be rushed across the dead point with inertial force.

For timing system, lubrication system and cooling system under the oil pumping system that does not relate among the present invention, the igniting, can directly use the mature technology of existing internal-combustion engine and realize.

Claims

1, a kind of crankless internal-combustion engines, this internal-combustion engine is mainly by frame (1), output shaft (2), output cam (3), roller (4), piston (5), cylinder (6), end cap (7), exhaust valve (8), exhaust cam (9), synchronous pulley (10), distribution cam axle (11), be with synchronously (12), intake cam (13), intake valve (14), belt shaft (15), bearing (16) is formed, it is characterized in that: cancelled connecting rod and the bent axle in the traditional combustion engine, eight cylinders are evenly arranged in around the valve cam, cylinder piston acts directly on the output cam, the rotation of promotion output cam, output cam and output shaft fixed connection are realized kinetic energy output together; The complete machine running steadily; The axis of distribution cam axle and the dead in line of output shaft; The valve timing of cylinder is realized by synchronous belt drive mechanism; Can realize low speed, high pulling torque output.

2, internal-combustion engine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: cylinder piston acts directly on the output cam, the rotation of promotion output cam, output cam and output shaft fixed connection are together, thereby with kinetic energy output, do not have the bent axle and the connecting rod of traditional combustion engine in this internal-combustion engine, each piston is to the active force complete equilibrium of output cam, complete machine running balance, impact, vibration, noise are all less.

3, internal-combustion engine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: output shaft is bearing on the frame, and distribution cam axle one end bearing is on output shaft, and the other end is bearing on the end cap, and the axis of distribution cam axle and the axis of output shaft are point-blank.

4, internal-combustion engine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: eight cylinders are evenly arranged in around two valve cams, and eight intake valves are controlled by a cam, and eight exhaust valves are by another cam control.

5, internal-combustion engine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: valve timing is realized that by synchronous belt drive mechanism output shaft transmits motion on the distribution cam axle by four synchronous pulleys, two synchronous bands and a belt shaft.

6, internal-combustion engine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the rotating ratio of distribution cam axle and output shaft is 3 or bigger, compares with traditional combustion engine, can realize the output shaft low-speed running.

7, internal-combustion engine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the force bearing point of output cam and the distance of its gyration center are bigger, and piston can produce bigger torque to the active force of output cam.