RU2684347C1 - Railway wheel rim surface profile - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transportation.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to railway transport and can be used in freight cars with bogies designed for increased (25 tf and more) axial loads, in design of railway wheels interacting with profile of rail P65 with section 1:20. Rim surface profile is made for railway wheel with width of 130 mm, crest thickness of 32.5 mm, ridge height of 28.0 mm. Rim of railway wheel is limited by inner side (1) of wheel, surface (2) of crest vertex, conjugated through working surface (3) of flange with fillet, changing into surface (4) of rolling, and chamfer (5) on external side (6) of wheel.EFFECT: due to optimized shape of wheel rim surface profile, consisting in making working surface (3) of crest at inclination angle to horizontal 68–70°, more smooth connection of working surface (3) of flange through fillet with rolling surface (4), as well as due to curvilinear rolling surface (4) quality improvement of railway wheel durability is achieved, which allows use of railway wheel in bogies designed for increased axial loads.3 cl, 4 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of railway transport and can be used in freight cars with trolleys designed for increased (25 tf or more) axial loads, in the design of railway wheels interacting with the rail profile P65 with a 1:20 basement.

A known profile of the working surface of the railway wheel (see RU 2648545 C2, publ. March 16, 2018), consisting of smoothly conjugated rectilinear segments and arcs of circles, forming radii of rounding, in which the rectilinear segments are formed by a skating line corresponding to a 1:10 conicity and an angle of the wheel flange inclination is 60 °, and their conjugation is made in the form of two circular arcs, of which the radius of the arc adjacent to the wheel flange is R1 = 20 ± 2 mm, and the radius of the arc adjacent to the arc line is R2 = 106 ± 2 mm, and the mating points mentioned straight line segments and circular arcs have coordinates (-37.5; -13.1), (-24.9; -3.5) and (-5.8; -0.4) relative to point 0 located in the calculation center wheel profile, at the intersection with the skating circle. The implementation of the angle of inclination of the wheel flange equal to 60 ° is not advisable, since it causes the gradual wear of the wheel-rail pair, resulting from intensive contact of the working surface of the outer wheel flange with the side face of the rail head during the passage of curved sections of the track. Also, according to foreign experience in the development of heavyweight movement and shaping of the wheel’s surface, in countries that are members of the IHHA (International Heavyweight Association), the angle of the wheel flange is in the range of 65 to 75 °. In addition, based on the fact that the railway traffic in the Russian Federation is mixed and the shape of the rail profiles is adjusted to the wheels of various types of rolling stock, the angle of the wheel flange is 65 ° for traction rolling stock and passenger cars, and 70 for high-speed trains °, we can conclude that it is not advisable to use the shape of the profiles of new wheels with an angle of inclination below 65 °.

The closest analogue of the invention is the surface profile of the rim of the railway wheel (see RU 26208 U1, publ. 20.11.2002), which consists of smoothly conjugated segments of straight lines and circular arcs, with the values of the radii and the position of the centers of the circles of such arcs with respect to zero at the intersection of the average the radius of the skating circle from the generatrix of the skating surface is selected taking into account the actual thickness of the ridge in the range from 30 mm for repair wheels and up to 34 mm for new wheels. With a ridge thickness of 30 mm, the coordinates of the center of the circles and the radii of the arcs are x ₁ = -56.77 mm and y ₁ = -14.7 mm for R ₁ = 13.5 mm, x ₂ = -25.6 mm and y ₂ = -20.4 mm for R ₂ = 17.7 mm, x ₃ = -23.5 mm and for ₃ = -20.71 mm for R ₃ = 19.5 mm, an arc of radius R ₁ serving as a generatrix of the convex working surface the ridge, a straight line segment with an angle of inclination of 70 ° to the horizontal, is conjugated with an arc of radius R ₂ , which is part of the generatrix of the filet, an arc of radius R _{2 is} paired with an arc of radius R ₃ , which serves as a continuation of the fillet and is connected to the rolling surface with a straight line segment with a slope of 1: 20 (-25 mm ≤ x <0 mm), ne passing into a straight line segment with a slope of 1: 40 (0 mm ≤ x <40 mm) and then into a straight line segment with a slope of 1: 7 (40 mm ≤ x ≤ 54 mm). With a ridge thickness of 34 mm, corresponding features describing the surface profile of the rim of a railway wheel are described. This wheel surface profile is optimized in the part of the working surface of the ridge and the fillet, which, when passing curved sections of the track with a radius of curvature of less than 350 m, reduces contact pressure between the outer wheel ridge and the side face of the rail head and, thereby, reduces wheel wear on the ridge surface and rail. At the same time, the skating surface of this known profile of the surface of the wheel, conjugated through a fillet with the working surface of the ridge, is made in the form of a cone-shaped piecewise linear surface, as a result of which the contact area between the wheel and the rail is reduced during the transverse movement of the wheel pair relative to the track axis and may occur two-point contact of the surfaces of the wheel and rail, leading to their mutual wear.

A technical problem that cannot be solved using known technical solutions is that the wheel and rail profiles have a significant effect on the magnitude of contact stresses and slippage, causing contact fatigue of the surface metal layer at the contact area and gradual mutual wear. Known profiles of railway wheels specify the contact geometry of the wheel-rail pair, which is not optimal enough for the use of such wheels with increased axial loads.

The technical result achieved by using the invention is to increase the durability of the railway wheel by optimizing the shape of the surface profile of its rim, allowing the use of the railway wheel in trolleys designed for increased axial loads.

To achieve the specified technical result in the surface profile of the rim of the railway wheel, formed by a profile line formed from segments of straight lines and arcs of circles smoothly interconnected at successive points of coupling, it is proposed to form a profile line from a vertical segment of a straight line forming the inner side of the railway wheel with the end mating point A, circular arc AB with radius R ₁ = 45.0 mm, circular arc BC and CD with radii R ₂ = R ₃ = 12.5 mm, inclined straight line DE made at an angle in the range from 68 to 70 ° to the horizontal, circular arcs EF of radius R ₄ , made in the range from 16.8 to 17 mm, circular arcs FG with radius R ₅ , made in the range from 87.5 to 90, 0 mm, circular arcs GH with radius R ₆ , made in the range from 320 to 330 mm, circular arcs HI and IJ with radii R ₇ = R ₈ , made in the range from 495 to 505 mm, straight line section JK, made with a slope of 1:20 to the horizontal, a straight line segment KL, made with a slope of 1: 7 to the horizontal, LM chamfer, made on the outside of the railway wheel.

In specific forms of implementation, the surface profile of the rim of the railway wheel is made for a railway wheel with a width of 130 mm and a crest thickness of 32.5 mm.

The position of points A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L and M of the profile line is given by the following x and y coordinates relative to point I, located at the intersection of the average radius of the skating circle with the generatrix of the skating surface railway wheels:

for point A: x _A = -72.00; y _A = -0.03,

for point B: x _B = -66.46; y _B = -21.63,

for point C: x _C = -55.44; y _C = -28.00,

for point D: x _D = -43.98; y _D = -20.20,

for point E: x _E = -39.46; y _E = -9.94,

for point F: x _F = -28.01; y _F = -2.57,

for point G: x _G = -21.22; y _G = -1.56,

for point H: x _H = -9.44; y _H = -0.49,

for point I: x _I = 0.00; y _I = 0.00,

for point J: x _J = 2.03; yJ = 0.22,

for the point K: x _K = 28.11; y _K = 1.53,

for point L: x _L = 52.04; y _L = 4.98,

for point M: x _M = 58.00; y _M = 11.02.

The proposed surface profile of the rim of the railway wheel, in comparison with the prototype, has a smoother pairing of the working surface of the ridge with the surface of the wheel. So, the arcs forming the working surface of the ridge ridge are made: an arc of a circle between the mating points E and F with a radius R ₄ = 16.8-17 mm (in the wheel profile according to the prototype R ₂ = 17.7 mm), an arc of a circle between the mating points F and G - radius R ₅ = 87.5-90.0 mm (in the profile of the wheel according to the prototype R ₃ = 19.5 mm). The line of the wheel profile between the mating points F and J, which forms the skating surface, is made curved with the transition at the point J to the straight line section JK with a slope of 1:20 with the coordinate x _J = 2.03 (in the prototype wheel profile, the skating surface is made cone piecewise linear, and the transition of the fillet into a straight line segment with a slope of 1:20 was carried out at a point with coordinate x ≥ -25 mm). Due to the proposed profile of the rolling surface, the wheel more effectively participates in contact with the rail, the head of which is rounded at the top in radius, which provides an increase in the area of the contact spot between the wheel and the rail when the wheel pair is laterally moved relative to the track axis, increases the resource of the wheel and rail on contact chipping with increased axial loads.

The boundary values of the ranges of the angles of inclination of the straight line segments of the working surface of the ridge, comprising 68-70 ° to the horizontal, are selected based on the following. When the angle of inclination is less than 68 °, the running-in period of the wheel rolling surface increases, during which the wear of the flange surface is high, so it is advisable to carry out the angle of inclination that the wheel has already been run in to the rail. When the angle of inclination exceeds 70 °, situations of jamming of the wheel in turnouts are possible, and, in addition, with an increase in the angle of inclination, the distance between the inner faces of the wheels relative to the rail head increases, which leads to increased oscillations due to an increase in the amplitude of the meandering movement, which worsens the dynamics of the car .

The boundary values of the range of radius R ₄ are selected based on the fact that the implementation of the radius less than the lower boundary of the range leads to a reduction in the thickness of the ridge; the execution of the radius of the upper limit of the range leads to an increase in the probability of point-to-point contact. The boundary values of the range of radius R ₆ are selected so that when the wheelset is transversally moved relative to the path axis, the contact spot between the wheel and the rail has an elliptical shape, elongated across the path axis, and not along this axis. The boundary values of the range of radius R ₅ are depending on the angle of inclination of the working part of the ridge and the radii of adjacent arcs - radius R ₄ and radius R ₆ . The boundary values of the range of radii R ₇ , R _{8 are} due to the fact that when these radii are performed outside the upper and lower boundary values, a point-to-point contact between the wheel and the rail may occur, leading to their mutual increased wear.

The invention is illustrated by graphic material, which presents:

in FIG. 1 is a surface profile of a rim of a railway wheel;

in FIG. 2 is a diagram of a contact of a surface profile of a rim of a railway wheel with a rail P65 (cradle 1/20);

in FIG. 3 is a graph of the difference in the radius of the driving circle from the lateral movement of the railway wheel relative to the rail P65;

in FIG. 4 is a diagram of the interaction of a railway wheel with a rail P65.

The rim of the railway wheel (Fig. 1) is limited by the inner side 1 of the wheel, the surface 2 of the top of the ridge, mated through the working surface 3 of the ridge with a fillet that passes into the surface 4 of the skating, and a chamfer 5 on the outer side 6 of the wheel. The surface profile of the rim is made for a railway wheel with a width of B = 130 mm, a thickness of the ridge b = 32.5 mm, a height of the ridge h = 28.0 mm and an angle of inclination to the horizontal of the working part of the ridge α = 68-70 °. The line forming the profile of the surface of the wheel rim consists of line segments and circular arcs that are smoothly interconnected at successive mating points A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M. The x and y coordinates of the indicated mating points are expressed in mm and are presented in the table, and the origin is at the mating point I, located at the intersection of the average radius of the skating circle with the generatrix of the skating surface of the railway wheel.

Table

Point A B C D E F G H I J K L M x -72.00 -66.46 -55.44 -43.98 -39.46 -28.01 -21.22 -9.44 0.00 2.03 28.11 52.04 58.00 y -0.03 -21.63 -28.00 -20.20 -9.94 -2.57 -1.56 -0.49 0.00 0.22 1,53 4.98 11.02

The proposed profile of the surface of the rim of the railway wheel, which has the name "Profile VNICTT", was calculated for the resource of the surface of the wheels on the basis of experimental observations of cars of model 12-9853 on bogies 18-9855 with an axial load of 25 tf. In the part of the ridge surface, this profile includes a vertical segment of a straight line on the inner side of 1 wheel conjugated at point A with an arc of a circle of radius R ₁ = 45.0 mm and then at points B and C with arcs of circles of radius R ₂ = R ₃ = 12.5 mm forming the top of 2 ridges. Then the working surface 3 of the ridge is formed, formed by an inclined segment of a straight line DE and a fillet. The inclined segment of the straight DE of the working surface 3 of the ridge is made with an angle of inclination from 68-70 ° to the horizontal and at the point E it is conjugated with a fillet, which is formed by two arcs of circles EF and FG of radius R ₄ = 16.8-17 mm and radius R ₅ = 87.5-90.0 mm, respectively. Further, at point G, the fillet mates with the rolling surface 4. Skating surface 4 consists of circular arcs of radii R ₆ = 320-330 mm and R ₇ = R ₈ = 495-505 mm, connected in series at points G, H and I, and then from two inclined straight lines — a straight line segment JK with a slope of 1 : 20 and a straight line segment KL with a slope of 1: 7. On the outside of the wheel 6, a chamfer 5 is made with end points L and M.

The contact profile of the surface profile of the rim of the railway wheel with the rail P65 (Fig. 2) illustrates the contact area of the profile of the surface 4 of the rolling of the railway wheel with the upper part of the rail. Moreover, an increase in the specified contact area is achieved due to the curved profile of the rolling surface 4 in the area between the mating points G and J.

From the graph of the difference in the radius of the skating circle from the lateral movement of the railway wheel relative to the rail P65 (Fig. 3), it follows that, due to the curved profile of the skating surface 4, this dependence changes without sharp jumps in the vertical direction, i.e. the contact of the wheel-rail pair occurs smoothly.

The shape and parameters of the contact spots of the left and right wheels with the left and right rails, presented on the diagram of the interaction of the railway wheel with the P65 rail (Fig. 4) and calculated according to the Hertz theory for different contact points, give a clear idea of the uniform distribution of contact pressures along the length of the profile wheel rim in the part of the fillet and the surface of the ride. The magnitude of the contact spot is inversely related to the magnitude of the contact pressure in the pair of wheel-rail. As can be seen, the proposed surface profile of the wheel rim, made with a fillet formed by a pair of circular arcs of radii R ₄ and R ₅ , eliminates point-to-point contact between the surfaces of the wheel and the rail and provides a smooth transition when the wheel is transversely moved along the rail relative to the path axis in the average radius curves with the average rail, when moving along which the contact zone is shifted from the predominantly middle part of the wheel to the surface of the wheel flange.

Claims (27)

1. The surface profile of the rim of the railway wheel, formed by a profile line formed from segments of straight lines and arcs of circles, smoothly interconnected at successive points of mating, characterized in that the profile line is formed from a vertical section of a straight line forming the inner side of the railway wheel with the end point of mating And circular arcs AB of radius R ₁ = 45.0 mm, circular arcs BC and CD with radii R ₂ = R ₃ = 12.5 mm, an inclined line segment DE made at an angle in the range from 68 to 70 ° to the horizontal, circular arcs EF of radius R ₄ , made in the range from 16.8 to 17 mm, circular arcs FG of radius R ₅ , made in the range from 87.5 to 90.0 mm, circular arcs GH of radius R ₆ , made in the range from 320 to 330 mm, circular arcs HI and IJ with radii R ₇ = R ₈ , made in the range from 495 to 505 mm, a straight line section JK made with a slope of 1:20 to the horizontal, a straight line segment KL made with a slope of 1: 7 to the horizontal, Chamfer LM, made on the outside of the railway wheel. 2. The profile according to p. 1, characterized in that it is made for a railway wheel with a width of 130 mm with a crest 32.5 mm thick. 3. The profile according to claim 1, characterized in that the position of the mating points A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M of the profile line is given by the following x and y coordinates relative to the point J located at the intersection of the average radius of the wheel with the generatrix of the surface of the railway wheel: for point A: x _A = -72.00; y _A = -0.03, for point B: x _B = -66.46; y _B = -21.63, for point C: x _C = -55.44; y _C = -28.00, for point D: x _D = -43.98; y _D = -20.20, for point E: x _E = -39.46; y _E = -9.94, for point F: x _F = -28.01; y _F = -2.57, for point G: x _G = -21.22; y _G = -1.56, for point H: x _H = -9.44; y _H = -0.49, for point I: x _I = 0.00; y _I = 0.00, for point J: x _J = 2.03; yJ = 0.22, for the point K: x _K = 28.11; y _K = 1.53, for point L: x _L = 52.04; y _L = 4.98, for point M: x _M = 58.00; y _M = 11.02.

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