RU22099U1 - RAILWAY RIM PROFILE - Google Patents

Abstract

The profile of the rim of the railway wheel, in which the rolling surface and the working surface of the ridge are smoothly conjugated, characterized in that it has a generatrix consisting of conjugated segments of straight lines and arcs of circles of radii R = 13.5 mm, R = 17.7 mm, R = 38 mm, the position of the centers of these arcs relative to the point O located at the intersection of the average radius of the skating circle with the generatrix of the skating surface, and the pairing order of the parts of the generatrix profile are selected depending on the actual thickness Δ of the ridge, which is in the range 30 - 34 mm, as follows: with the actual thickness of the ridge Δ = 30 mm, which is typical for a repair wheel, the coordinates of the centers of the indicated arcs are equal = -56.77 mm and y = -14.7 mm for R; x = -25.6 mm and y = -20.4 mm for R; x = -17.1 mm and y = -38.9 mm for R, an arc of radius R is conjugated with an arc of radius R, which forms the convex working surface of the ridge, arc of radius R is a straight line segment with an angle of inclination of 70 k horizontal mates with an arc of radius R, which serves as the generatrix of the fillet, an arc of radius R mates with a straight line segment with a slope of 1: 20 (-18.6 mm <x <0 mm), which goes into a straight line segment gradient 1: 40 (0 mm <x <40 mm) and further to the line segment with a slope of 1: 7 (40 mm <x <54 mm); with the actual ridge thickness Δ = 34 mm, which is typical for a new wheel, the coordinates of the centers of the indicated arcs are equal = -52.77 mm and y = -14.5 mm for R; x = -21.6 mm and y = -20, 2 mm for R; x = -13.1 mm and y = -38.7 mm for R, an arc of radius R is conjugated with an arc of radius R, which forms the convex working surface of the crest, an arc of radius R is a straight line with an angle of inclination of 70 degrees to the horizontal an arc of radius R, which serves as the generatrix of the fillet, an arc of radius R is conjugated to a straight line segment that

Description

RAILWAY RIM PROFILE

The utility model relates to the design of wheels of a rolling stock of a railway vehicle, and more particularly, to profile shapes of rims of such wheels.

Hereinafter, the term rim designates such a part of the wheel that is limited by the rolling surface smoothly mating with the working surface of the ridge (or, what is the same, flanges), the surface of the apex and the idle surface of the ridge.

It is well known that wagon wheels are mass-produced and that the wear of both the wheels themselves and the rail heads substantially depends on the perfect shape of the contact, i.e. interacting with the rails, surfaces of their rim.

Therefore, the profile shapes of such surfaces should simultaneously provide:

the shortest possible contact time between the wheel flange and the rail, especially when traveling along curved sections of the track with small (350 m) radii of curvature, and, accordingly, the smallest possible wear on wheel flanges and rail heads, and

the possibility of profiling wheels with publicly available means.

The fulfillment of the last of these conditions does not present significant difficulties, because for processing any sections of the wheels, regardless of the given profile, many turning machines and, if necessary, grinding machines with hard copy control and, especially, with suitable numerical control, can now be used by specialists .

However, the fulfillment of the first condition is fraught with serious difficulties.

Indeed, it is known to specialists (A. Mogeai. I contour between a wheel and a rail / Revue Generate des Chemins de Per, 1991, No. 8, pp. 43-51) that when rolling stock moves along a path, standard wheels interact with rails as follows:

in direct sections, they come into contact mainly on the surfaces of the wheel and rail with minimal wear on the ridges and side faces of the rail heads, and

during the passage of the curves, each wheel running on the rail contacts not only the tread surface (along the tread surface of the rail), but also simultaneously interacts with its crest with the side face of the rail head.

It is clear that wear can be reduced by changing the shape of the profile of either one or both bodies of the specified contact pair.

  -And LPK 60 V 21/02

not so much because of the need to re-equip the rolling mills, but because of the gigantic costs of manufacturing new rails and altering tens of thousands of kilometers of trunk and station tracks.

Consequently, the problem of reducing the wear of wheels and rail heads, which is urgent for the CIS countries, must be solved by theoretical and experimental optimization of the profile of the wheel rim.

Considering the shape of rails of type P65 and data on average network wear, advanced wheel profiles have already been proposed:

for locomotives (Golutvina TK On the profile of bandages of wheelsets of traction rolling stock / Vestnik VNIIZhT, 1978, No. 3, p.31-35) and

for wagons (Golutvina TK The new profile of the wagon wheel / Railway transport, 1979, No. 3, S. 47-49.).

However, wheels with such profiles are not widespread.

Railway wheels turned out to be more effective, for which the rim profile generators are given by sequentially complicated nonlinear equations (SU 1240637 A1; SU 1695601 A1 and SU 1794694 A1). During the movement of the crews, such wheels can contact the rails with the conical part of the skating surface, the middle part of the fillet or the working surface of the ridge, and the contact spots are closer to the side surface of the rail heads, while the upper parts of these heads practically do not work.

Such wheels are still used in the CIS in locomotive bogies, where the load on each axle is stably high.

However, theoretical calculations showed that the use of wheels with such fillets in the bogies of freight cars, which are characterized by a variable axle load, is undesirable due to the deterioration of the dynamic characteristics of these cars.

The new bandage profiles for railway wagons developed in the USA and Western Europe proved to be very effective (Leary John F. America adopts worn wheel profiles / Railway Glaz. Lut, 1990, V.146, No. 7, pp. 525-527; Tomas Jendel, Prediction of wheel and rail wear - a pilot study. Division of Railway Technology, Department of Vehicle Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, 1999, 54 p.).

to reduce the effect of wear of such wheels on the critical speed of cars.

However, the American and West European profiles were developed taking into account significantly different rails and rolling stock accepted in the CIS.

Therefore, the closest to the proposed remains the profile of the rim of a standard railway wheel (see GOST 9036-88. Solid-rolled wheels. Designs and dimensions, Fig. 2).

The crest of such a wheel 28 mm high has a top, which is bounded by circular arcs with a radius of 45 mm with an inner and a radius of 12.5 mm from the outside. The last arc smoothly conjugates with a straight inclined angle of 60 ° relative to the horizontal

a segment of the generatrix of the working surface of the ridge, which is smoothly mated with the generatrix of the rolling surface. This generator consists of three parts: an arc of a circle with a radius of 15 mm (fillet), the first segment of a straight line with a slope of 1:20, which is conjugated to the specified arc, and the second segment of a straight line with a slope of 1: 7, which serves as a continuation of the first segment at a distance of 100 mm from the inner wall of the ridge.

Many trolleys of the existing fleet of freight and passenger cars are equipped with wheels with such a rim profile. The fillet of such a rim practically does not participate in the contact interaction of the wheel and the rail head. But the working surface of the wheel flange constantly contacts (and intensively wears out) the side surface of the rail head. The friction between them is especially great when passing through curved sections of a path of small (350 m) radius. This leads to a significant and usually uneven wear of the contact surfaces of the wheels and rail heads, to undercutting and peaking of the ridges, and to an increased dynamic effect of the wheels on the track.

Accordingly, as the wheels with standard profiles wear out, the critical speed of the crews decreases. In some cases (primarily for empty freight cars on trolleys TsNII-KhZ), it becomes lower than the permissible operating speed of 70 km / h. At speeds above critical, the dynamic qualities of the cars are sharply deteriorating. This reduces the safety of their movement, negatively affects the wear of individual, in particular Pyatnik, units of carts and the quality of transportation of goods sensitive to vibrations, and forces to reduce the average speed of trains.

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the displacement of the contact spot from the conical part of the rolling surface to the faeben, even on the five sections of the track with small (350 m) radii of curvature, and thereby significantly reduced the likelihood of wheel flange contact with the side faces of the rail heads, providing a decrease in intensity and an increase in the uniformity of their wear.

The problem is solved in that the profile of the rim of the railway wheel, which includes a skating surface smoothly conjugated with the working surface of the ridge, according to the inventive concept, has a generatrix consisting of conjugate segments of straight lines and arcs of circles of radii 13.5 mm, 7 mm, mm, with this:

a) the position of the centers of these arcs with respect to the point and located at the intersection of the average radius of the skating circle with the generatrix of the skating surface, and the pairing order of the parts of the generatrix profile are selected depending on the actual thickness A of the ridge, which is in the range from 30 to 34 mm, as follows:

with the actual thickness of the ridge mm, which is typical for a repair wheel:

- the coordinates of the centers of these arcs are equal: f -56.77 mm and y1 -14.7 mm for f,

2 -25.6 mm and / 2 -20.4 mm for 2, jf3 -17.1 mm and bond -38.9 mm for s;

- an arc of radius RI is mated to an arc of radius 2, which serves as the generatrix of the convex working surface of the ridge;

- an arc of radius 2 by a straight line segment with an angle of inclination of 70 ° to the horizontal is conjugated with an arc of radius Yaz, which serves as the generatrix of the fillet;

-arc of radius z is mated to a straight line segment with a slope of 1:20 (-18.6 mm 0 0 mm) and goes further to a straight line segment with a slope of 1:40 (O mm x 40 mm), which goes into a straight line segment with a slope of 1 : 7 (40 mm g 54 mm);

with actual ridge thickness mm, which is typical for a new wheel:

- the coordinates of the centers of these arcs are equal:% 1 -52.77 mm and Y1 -14.5 mm for Ri,

% 2 -21.6 mm and y2 -20.2 mm for R2,% s -13.1 mm and / 3 -38.7 mm for Rj,

 l l arc of radius RS, which serves as a fillet;

- an arc of radius Ry is mated to a straight line segment with a slope of 1:20 (-13.1 mm), which goes into a straight line segment with a slope of 1: 7 (40 mm% 54 mm);

b) the coordinates X, y (in mm) of the boundary points of the limiting generatrices of the profile are equal: to the left -54.5; -28, right 54, 4 and 54,

c) with an actual ridge thickness of 30 mm Aj 34 mm, the required coordinate values and the required rim profiles are between the indicated limit values and the extreme profiles.

Any specific profile selected within the above limits provides the possibility of a smoother pairing of the skating surface with the working surface of the ridge for both new and repair wheels. Therefore, in the interaction between the rims of railway wheels with such profiles and rails, the probability of force contact of the wheel flanges with the side faces of the rail heads even on curved sections of the track with small (350 m) radii of curvature is significantly reduced, which protects the flanges (and wheels in general) from intensive wear .

Further, the essence of the utility model is explained by a detailed description of the shape of the rim profile and the features of the manufacture and operation of wheels with such rims with links to the accompanying drawings, which are shown in:

figure 1 - General view of the wheelset indicating the location of the individual parts of the profile of the wheel rim and

figure 2 - the interval of change forming the shape of the profile depending on the thickness of the ridge and the cradle of the rails on which the use of wheels is supposed.

The rim of the railway wheel (see figure 1) is limited:

the inner wall of 1 ridge,

non-working surface 2 ridges,

the top 3 of the ridge, which is associated with the specified non-working surface 2,

the working surface 4 of the ridge, which is associated with the specified peak 3,

fillet 5, which is associated with the specified working surface 4, and

piecewise linear surface of the skating, which is associated with the specified fillet 5 and consists of linear segments 6, 7, 8, which differ in the angle of inclination of the generatrix.

The position of the centers of these arcs relative to the point O located at the intersection of the average radius of the skating circle with the generatrix of the skating surface and the pairing order of the parts of the generatrix profile are selected depending on the actual thickness A of the ridge, which is in the range from 30 to 34 mm, as follows:

a) the actual flange thickness mm, which is typical of a repair wheel.

firstly, the coordinates of the centers of these arcs are equal:

Xf -56.77 mm and yf -14.7 mm for Ri,

2 -25.6 mm and y2 -20.4 mm for Rg,

Xs -17.1 mm and ultrasound -38.9 mm for ulcers;

secondly, an arc of radius RI mates with an arc of radius, which serves as the generatrix of the convex working surface of the ridge;

thirdly, an arc of radius 2 by a straight line segment with an angle of inclination of 70 ° to the horizontal is conjugated with an arc of radius, which serves as the generatrix of the cake;

fourthly, an arc of radius RZ is mated to a straight line segment with a slope of 1:20 (-18.6 mm X 0 mm), which goes into a straight line segment with a slope of 1:40 (O mm x 40 mm) and then into a straight line segment with a slope of 1: 7 (40 mm);

b) with the actual thickness of the ridge mm, which is typical for a new wheel:

firstly, the coordinates of the centers of these arcs are equal:

X | -52.77 mm and yf -14.5 mm for RI,

X2 -21.6 mm and y2 -20.2 mm for 2,

xs -13.1 mm and bonds -38.7 mm for yaz;

secondly, an arc of radius RI is mated to an arc of radius Rz, which serves as the generatrix of the convex working surface of the ridge;

thirdly, an arc of radius R2 with a straight line segment with an angle of inclination of 70 ° to the horizontal is mated with an arc of radius Ra, which serves as the generatrix of the filet;

fourthly, an arc of radius RS is mated to a straight line segment with an inclination of 1:20 (-13.1 mm) and which goes into a straight line segment with an inclination of 1: 7 (40 mm x 54 mm);

c) the x, y coordinates (in mm) of the boundary points of the limiting generatrices of the profile are: on the left -54.5; -28, on the right 54, 4 and 54, 3.

the gap between the specified limit values and extreme profiles.

The total profile of the working surface is formed by turning new wheels or tires of repair wheels.

Prior to starting such turning, using the appropriate tools, measure the actual thickness of the ridge. It should be noted that instead of such tools, the familiar universal template can be used, created for the standard profile of the wheel rim and widely used in factories. However, when using such templates, 1 mm should be added to the measurement results.

Further, taking into account the specific thickness of the ridge, specific coordinates are determined, at the centers of arcs with the indicated radii RI, and RS, and the specific characteristics of the line segments. And finally, having adjusted the machine accordingly, grind and / or grind the wheel rim to the required profile.

Features of the operation of railway wheels with the described profiles are as follows.

During the movement of the car, the wheel interacts with the rail, depending on the plan and the track profile, mainly by the rolling surface sections 6, 7, and in the small radius curves or on the path of unsatisfactory condition it can also interact with the fillet 5, the working surface of the ridge 4 and the rolling surface section 8.

With the mutual horizontal displacement of the wheel and the rail, the contact spot moves along the rim profile from the conical part of the skating surface to the working surface of the ridge through fillet 5, whereas in the prototype such a transition occurs stepwise, bypassing fillet 5.

A smooth change in the difference between the current radii of the wheels of the same wheelset creates more favorable conditions for fitting cars into curved sections of the track. This allows you to reduce the wear of the wheel flanges during movement along a path having straight and curved sections, including a small (350 m) radius, and make wear on the surface of the skating more uniform. This effect is especially noticeable when using wheels with the proposed profiles on rails with a subframe from 1/40 to 1/20.

In addition, it should be noted that an increase in the angle of inclination of the generatrix of the working surface of the wheel flange reduces the likelihood of the wheels coming off the rails and thereby increase traffic safety.

Wheels with the proposed rim profiles can be used in domestic rolling stock, including with running gears like the three-element trolley TsNII-KhZ. At the same time, along with a decrease in wheel wear, the regulatory requirements for the dynamic qualities of wagons are achieved, the influence of wheel wear on reducing the critical speed and the level of shock components during the interaction of the crew and the track are reduced.

The test results in block freight trains on Ukrainian railways with difficult operating conditions indicate that the mileage of 70 thousand km, the wear of the wheel flanges having a rim profile in the proposed interval turned out to be about 1.5 times lower than the wear of the flanges of standard wheels.

The proposed profiles can be used in the manufacture of new solid-rolled and prefabricated wheels and in the repair, in particular during regrinding, of rolled-up wheel pairs for trucks mainly of freight cars, platforms and tanks.

Shi PROFILE

Claims (1)

The profile of the rim of the railway wheel, in which the rolling surface and the working surface of the ridge are smoothly conjugated, characterized in that it has a generatrix consisting of conjugated segments of straight lines and arcs of circles of radii R ₁ = 13.5 mm, R ₂ = 17.7 mm, R ₃ = 38 mm, while the position of the centers of these arcs relative to the point O located at the intersection of the average radius of the skating circle with the generatrix of the skating surface and the pairing order of the parts of the generatrix profile are selected depending on the actual thickness Δ _{i of the} ridge, which is in the interval 3 0 - 34 mm, as follows: with the actual thickness of the ridge Δ _min = 30 mm, which is typical for a repair wheel, the coordinates of the centers of these arcs are equal
x ₁ = -56.77 mm and y ₁ = -14.7 mm for R ₁ ;
x ₂ = -25.6 mm and y ₂ = -20.4 mm for R ₂ ;
x ₃ = -17.1 mm and y ₃ = -38.9 mm for R ₃ ,
an arc of radius R _{1 is} mated to an arc of radius R ₂ , which serves as the generatrix of the convex working surface of the ridge, an arc of radius R _{2 by} a straight line with an angle of inclination of 70 ^° to the horizontal is mated to an arc of radius R ₃ , which serves as a fillet, an arc of radius R _{3 is} mated to a straight line segment with a slope of 1: 20 (-18.6 mm <x <0 mm), which goes into a straight line segment with a slope of 1: 40 (0 mm <x <40 mm) and then into a straight line segment with a slope of 1: 7 ( 40 mm <x <54 mm); with the actual ridge thickness Δ _max = 34 mm, which is typical for a new wheel, the coordinates of the centers of these arcs are equal
x ₁ = -52.77 mm and y ₁ = -14.5 mm for R ₁ ;
x ₂ = -21.6 mm and y ₂ = -20.2 mm for R ₂ ;
x ₃ = -13.1 mm and y ₃ = -38.7 mm for R ₃ ,
an arc of radius R _{1 is} mated to an arc of radius R ₂ , which serves as the generatrix of the convex working surface of the ridge, an arc of radius R _{2 by} a straight line with an angle of inclination of 70 ^° to the horizontal is mated to an arc of radius R ₃ , which serves as a fillet, an arc of radius R _{3 is} mated to a line segment that has a slope of 1:20 (-13.1 mm <x <40 mm) and which goes into a line segment with a slope of 1: 7 (40 mm <x <54 mm), x, y coordinates (in mm) the boundary points of the limiting generators of the profile are equal to the left [-54.5; -28], on the right [54,4] and [54,3] with an actual ridge thickness of 30 mm <Δ _i <34 mm, the required coordinate values and the required rim profiles are in the interval between the specified limit values and the extreme profiles.