RU113201U1 - RAILWAY WHEEL - Google Patents

Abstract

The wheel of a railway car, the rim profile of which includes a rolling surface smoothly conjugated with the ridge surface and which is outlined by arcs of radii R1, R2, R3, R4 and conjugate line segments with different slopes, while the position of the centers of the circles of these arcs relative to point 0 located at the intersection of the circle rolling from the generatrix of the rolling surface, and the coordinates of the conjugation points of the straight profile segments are selected depending on the actual thickness Δi of the ridge, which is in the range from 29 to 33 mm, as follows:! with flange thickness Δmin = 29 mm, which is typical for repair wheels:! - coordinates of centers and radii of the specified arcs are equal:! x1 = -52.1 mm and y1 = -13.3 mm for R1 = 18.0 mm,! x2 = -57.7 mm and y2 = -14.5 mm for R2 = 13.5 mm,! x3 = -26.6 mm and y3 = -20.4 mm for R3 = 17.7 mm; ! x4 = -18.1 mm and y4 = -38.9 mm for R4 = 38 mm; ! - the arc of radius R1 and the arc of radius R2 conjugated with it are the components of the generatrix of the ridge head; ! - an arc of radius R2 by a straight line segment with an angle of inclination of 70 ° to the horizontal is conjugated with an arc of radius R3, which is the first part of the generatrix of the fillet; ! - an arc of radius R3 is conjugated with an arc of radius R4, which is the second part of the fillet generatrix; ! - an arc of radius R4 is conjugated with a straight line segment with a slope of 1:20 (-20 mm <x <40 mm), passing into a straight line segment with a slope of 1: 7 (40 mm <x <54 mm) and further into a straight line segment with a slope of 1 : 1 (54mm <x <60mm); ! with flange thickness Δmax = 33 mm, which is typical for new wheels:! - coordinates of centers and radii of the specified arcs are equal:! x1 = -39.0 mm and y1 = -5.0 mm for R1 = 31.0 mm,! x2 = -53.7 mm and y2 = -14.5 mm for R2 = 13.5 mm,! x3 = -22.5 mm and y3 = -20.2 mm for R3 = 17.7 mm; ! x4 = -14.0 mm and y4 = -38.7 mm for R4 = 38 mm; ! - the arc of radius R1 and the arc of radius R2 conjugated with it are the components of the generatrix of the ridge head;

Description

Technical field

The utility model relates to the design of wheels of rolling stock of railway vehicles, and more particularly, to profile shapes of rims of wheels of railway cars.

Hereinafter indicated:

the term "rim profile" is a component generatrix that defines the smoothly mated non-working and working surfaces of the ridge, the fillet and the rolling surface of the wheels of a railway carriage, and

the term “fillet” is such a part of the rim that provides smooth coupling of the working surface of the crest of the railway wheel with its rolling surface.

State of the art

From perfect contact forms, i.e. the interacting with the rails, the surfaces of the rims of the railway wheels significantly depends on the wear of the wheels and rail heads.

Changing the profile of the heads of standard R65 rails requires the re-equipment of rail rolling mills, significant costs for the manufacture of new rails and alteration of tens of thousands of kilometers of trunk and station tracks. Therefore, the problem of reducing the wear of wheels and rail heads that is relevant for Russia and the CIS countries needs to be addressed, first of all, by optimizing the profile of the wheel rims.

When moving, the rim of a standard railway wheel (GOST 9036-88. The wheels are solid-rolled. Designs and dimensions, Fig. 2) is in contact with the side face of the rail head by the working surface of the ridge, and the fillet practically does not participate in interaction with the rail. This leads to significant and, as a rule, uneven wear of the contact surfaces of the wheels and rail heads, to undercutting and spiky rolling of ridges and to an increased dynamic impact of the wheels on the track, and as the wheels wear out, to a decrease in the critical speed of cars and a sharp deterioration in their dynamic qualities.

Given the shape of the R65 type rails and data on the average network wear of the ridges, wheels for wagons with a partially improved wear-resistant profile were proposed (TK Golutvina. New wagon wheel profile / Railway Transport, 1979, No. 3, pp. 47-49). However, wheels with this profile are not widely used.

Railway wheels turned out to be more effective, the surface profiles of the rims of which are given by sequentially complicated nonlinear equations (SU 1240637; SU 1695601 and SU 1794694). During movement, such wheels can contact the rails with the conical part of the rolling surface, the middle part of the fillet or the working surface of the ridge, and the contact spots are closer to the side surface of the rail heads, while the upper parts of these heads practically do not work. Such wheels are still used in the CIS in locomotive trolleys, where the load on each axle is stably high.

However, theoretical calculations showed that the use of wheels with such crest fillets in freight carriage trolleys, which are characterized by a variable axle load, is undesirable due to the deterioration of the dynamic characteristics of these cars.

Therefore, the conditions for minimizing the interaction forces in the contact zones of wheels and rails were investigated. As a result, a prototype railway wheel was created with an improved rim profile (1. RU 26208 U1; 2. Ushkalov V.F., Mokriy T.F., Mashchenko I.A., Shevtsov I.E .; Creation of new profiles for the railway rim wheels to reduce their wear when used in standard trolleys TsNII-X3 / Technical Mechanics, No. 2, 2002).

The profile described in these documents is a generatrix consisting of the conjugate segments of lines and arcs of circles shown in the drawing to RU 26208 U1, while:

a) the values of the radii and the position of the centers of the circles of such arcs with respect to point 0 at the intersection of the average radius of the skating circle with the generatrix of the skating surface are selected taking into account the actual thickness of the ridge _i in the range from 30 mm for repair wheels to 34 mm for new wheels, as follows:

with the thickness of the ridge Δ _min = 30 mm:

- the coordinates of the centers of circles and the radii of these arcs are equal to:

x ₁ = -56.77 mm and y ₁ = -14.7 mm for R ₁ = 13.5 mm,

x ₂ = -25.6 mm and y ₂ = -20.4 mm for R ₂ = 17.7 mm,

x ₃ = -23.5 mm and y ₃ = -20.71 mm for R ₃ = 19.5 mm;

- an arc of radius R ₁ serving as the generatrix of the convex working surface of the ridge, a straight line segment with an angle of inclination of 70 ° to the horizontal is conjugated with an arc of radius R ₂ serving as part of the generatrix of the fillet;

- an arc of radius R _{2 is} associated with an arc of radius R ₃ , which serves as a continuation of the generatrix of the fillet;

- an arc of radius R _{3 is} conjugated to the skating surface by a straight line segment with a slope of 1:20 (-25 mm≤x <0 mm), passing into a straight line segment with a slope of 1:40 (0 mm≤x <40 mm) and then into a straight line segment with a slope of 1: 7 (40 mm≤x≤54 mm);

with a ridge thickness Δ _max = 34 mm:

- the coordinates of the centers of circles and the radii of these arcs are equal to:

x ₄ = -52.77 mm and y ₄ = -14.5 mm for R ₄ = 13.5 mm,

x ₅ = -21.6 mm and y ₅ = -20.2 mm for R ₅ = 17.7 mm,

x ₆ = -13.1 mm and y ₆ = -38.7 mm for R ₆ = 38 mm;

- an arc of radius R ₄ , which serves as the generatrix of the convex working surface of the ridge, is connected by a straight line segment with an angle of inclination of 70 ° to the horizontal with an arc of radius R ₅ , which serves as part of the generatrix of the fillet;

- an arc of radius R _{5 is} conjugated with an arc of radius R ₆ , which serves as a continuation of the forming fillet;

- an arc of radius R _{6 is} conjugated to the skating surface by a straight line segment with a slope of 1:20 (-14.6 mm≤x <40 mm), turning into a straight line segment with a slope of 1: 7 (40 mm≤x≤54 mm);

b) the x, y coordinates (in mm) of the boundary points of the generatrix of the profile are:

left [-54.5; -28], on the right [54; 3] and [54; four].

When the actual thickness of the ridge in the range of 30 mm≤Δ _i ≤34 mm, the necessary values of coordinates and profiles are found in the intervals between the specified limit values.

During the movement of the crews, such wheels contact the rails with the conical part of the skating surface, the middle part of the fillet or the working surface of the ridge, which, in comparison with standard wheels, leads to a more uniform distribution of wear over the entire contact surface of the rim and a significant reduction in wear of the wheel flanges.

According to experimental data, the average mileage of wheels with the specified profile with a ridge thickness of 33 mm in freight wagon trolleys on Ukrainian railways with difficult operating conditions without regrinding for wear of the ridges is approximately 300 thousand km compared to 100-130 thousand km for standard wheels.

However, further theoretical studies and tests of freight cars equipped with wheels with the described profile, and examination of the profiles of worn wheels during depot repairs of cars showed that the possibilities for improving the rim profile are not exhausted. Indeed, even the improved rim profile described above does not sufficiently reduce the likelihood of wheel flange contact with the side faces of the rail heads on the curved sections of the track and, accordingly, their wear.

Utility Model Essence

The utility model is based on the task of changing the shape of the generatrix of the rim profile to create such a wheel of a railway carriage, the operation of which significantly reduces the likelihood of a ridge contacting the side faces of the rail heads on curved sections of the track and their wear rate decreases (and, thereby, the carriage safety is increased) .

This problem is solved in that the wheel of a railway carriage, according to an inventive concept, has a rim profile that includes a skating surface smoothly conjugated to the ridge surface and is defined by arcs of radii R ₁ , R ₂ R ₃ , R ₄ and conjugate straight line segments with different slopes, with this position of the centers of these arcs of circles about the point 0 at the intersection with the rolling circle forming the rolling surface and the coordinates of the profile segments direct conjugation points are selected depending on the actual thickness Δ _i crest to Thoraya is in the range of 29 to 33 mm, as follows:

with the thickness of the ridge Δ _min = 29 mm, which is typical for repair wheels:

- the coordinates of the centers and the radii of these arcs are equal to:

x ₁ = -52.1 mm and y ₁ = -13.3 mm for R ₁ = 18.0 mm,

x ₂ = -57.7 mm and y ₂ = -14.5 mm for R ₂ = 13.5 mm,

x ₃ = -26.6 mm and y ₃ = -20.4 mm for R ₃ = 17.7 mm;

x ₄ = -18.1 mm and y ₄ = -38.9 mm for R ₄ = 38 mm;

- an arc of radius R ₁ and its associated arc of radius R ₂ are components of the generatrix of the ridge head;

- an arc of radius R _{2 with} a straight line segment with an angle of inclination of 70 ° to the horizontal is conjugated with an arc of radius R ₃ , which is the first part of the fillet;

- an arc of radius R _{3 is} conjugated with an arc of radius R ₄ , which is the second part of the fillet;

- an arc of radius R _{4 is} conjugated with a straight line segment with a slope of 1:20 (-20 mm <x <40 mm) turning into a straight line segment with a slope of 1: 7 (40 mm <x <54 mm) and then into a straight line segment with a slope 1: 1 (54 mm <x <60 mm);

with a ridge thickness Δ _max = 33 mm, which is typical for new wheels:

- the coordinates of the centers and the radii of these arcs are equal to:

x ₁ = -39.0 mm and y ₁ = -5.0 mm for R ₁ = 31.0 mm,

x ₂ = -53.7 mm and y ₂ = -14.5 mm for R ₂ = 13.5 mm,

x ₃ = -22.5 mm and y ₃ = -20.2 mm for R ₃ = 17.7 mm;

x ₄ = -14.0 mm and y ₄ = -38.7 mm for R ₄ = 38 mm;

- an arc of radius R ₁ and its associated arc of radius R ₂ are components of the generatrix of the ridge head;

- an arc of radius R _{2 with} a straight line segment with an angle of inclination of 70 ° to the horizontal is conjugated with an arc of radius R ₃ , which is the first part of the fillet;

- an arc of radius R _{3 is} conjugated with an arc of radius R ₄ , which is the second part of the fillet;

- an arc of radius R _{4 is} conjugated with a straight line segment with a slope of 1:20 (-17 mm <x <40 mm), passing into a straight line segment with a slope of 1: 7 (40 mm <x <54 mm) and then into a straight line segment with a slope 1: 1 (54 mm <x <60 mm);

An additional reduction in the wear of the wheel-rail pair is achieved by increasing the gap between the wheel and the rail, in particular, due to a decrease in the distance Δ _i from the inner face of the rim to the working surface of the ridge at the base height for measuring its thickness (10 mm from the wheel rolling circle). In this case, the necessary strength of the ridge can easily be provided by correcting its thickness (in particular, by changing the profile in the non-working part).

Brief Description of the Drawings

Further, the essence of the utility model is illustrated by its detailed description with reference to the drawings, which depict on:

figure 1 - profile of the rim of the wheel depending on the boundary values of the thickness Δ _{i of the} ridge and the designation of the locations of the individual parts of the profile;

figure 2 is a diagram in which, for comparison, the average wear of the flanges of eight wheels for different mileage of open wagons, which are in general operation and equipped with modernized carts and wheels, is shown, namely:

with standard profile (triangular markers),

with a profile according to the prototype (rectangular markers) and

the proposed profile at Δ _max = 33 mm (round markers). Detailed description of utility model

The railway car wheel has a rim, the profile of which limits (see figure 1):

non-working surface of 1 ridge,

the head 2 of the ridge, which is associated with a non-working surface 1 of the ridge,

the working surface 3 of the ridge, which is associated with the specified head 2,

fillet 4, which is associated with the working surface 3 of the ridge, and

the skating surface, which is paired with fillet 4 and consists of paired sections 5, 6, 7, the generators of which are line segments with different slope angles.

The profile of the rim as a whole, which includes a rolling surface smoothly conjugated with the surface of the ridge, consists of conjugate segments of straight lines and arcs of circles having radii R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ , R ₄ .

The position of the centers of the circles of these arcs with respect to point 0, located at the intersection of the skating circle with the generatrix of the skating surface, and the coordinates of the mating points of the straight line segments are selected depending on the actual thickness Δ _{i of the} ridge, which is in the range from 29 to 33 mm, as follows:

a) when the thickness of the ridge Δ _min = 29 mm, which is typical for repair wheels:

- the coordinates of the centers and the radii of these arcs are equal to:

x ₁ = -52.1 mm and y ₁ = -13.3 mm for R ₁ = 18.0 mm,

x ₂ = -57.7 mm and y ₂ = -14.5 mm for R ₂ = 13.5 mm,

x ₃ = -26.6 mm and y ₃ = -20.4 mm for R ₃ = 17.7 mm;

x ₄ = -18.1 mm and y ₄ = -38.9 mm for R ₄ = 38 mm;

- an arc of radius R ₁ , and the associated arc of radius R ₂ are components of the generatrix of the head 2 of the ridge;

- an arc of radius R _{2 by} a straight line segment with an angle of inclination of 70 ° to the horizontal is conjugated with an arc of radius R ₃ , which is the first part of the generatrix of the fillet 4;

- an arc of radius R _{3 is} conjugated with an arc of radius R ₄ , which is the second part of the generatrix of the fillet 4;

- an arc of radius R _{4 is} conjugated with a straight line segment with a slope of 1:20 (-20 mm <x <40 mm) turning into a straight line segment with a slope of 1: 7 (40 mm <x <54 mm) and then into a straight line segment with a slope 1: 1 (54 mm <x <60 mm);

b) with a ridge thickness Δ _max = 33 mm, which is typical for new wheels:

- the coordinates of the centers and the radii of these arcs are equal to:

x ₁ = -39.0 mm and y ₁ = -5.0 mm for R ₁ = 31.0 mm,

x ₂ = -53.7 mm and y ₂ = -14.5 mm for R ₂ = 13.5 mm,

x ₃ = -22.5 mm and y ₃ = -20.2 mm for R ₃ = 17.7 mm;

x ₄ = -14.0 mm and y ₄ = -38.7 mm for R ₄ = 38 mm;

- an arc of radius R ₁ and its associated arc of radius R ₂ are components of the generatrix of the head 2 of the ridge;

- an arc of radius R _{2 by} a straight line segment with an angle of inclination of 70 ° to the horizontal is conjugated with an arc of radius R ₃ , which is the first part of the generatrix of the fillet 4;

- an arc of radius R _{3 is} conjugated with an arc of radius R ₄ , which is the second part of the generatrix of the fillet 4;

- an arc of radius R _{4 is} conjugated with a straight line segment with a slope of 1:20 (-17 mm <x <40 mm), passing into a straight line segment with a slope of 1: 7 (40 mm <x <54 mm) and then into a straight line segment with a slope 1: 1 (54 mm <x <60 mm).

If the value of Δ _i is in the range of 29 mm <Δ _i <33 mm, then the necessary coordinate values are obtained by interpolation in the interval between the specified limit values of the coordinates, and the necessary rim profile will be located between the extreme profiles.

Such a profile of the working surface is formed by turning the new or repair wheels.

Before this, the actual thickness of the ridge 2 is measured with the appropriate tools. It should be noted that when measuring with a conventional universal template, which is created for the standard profile of the wheel rim and is widely used in factories and railways, the thickness of the ridge 2 of such wheels on the scale of the template will be at (0-1 ) mm is smaller than Δ _i depending on the position of the selected profile in a given interval.

Further, taking into account the actual thickness of ridge 2, specific coordinates x, y of the centers of arcs with the indicated radii R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ , R ₄ and specific characteristics of line segments are determined. Then, setting up the machine, grind the wheel rim to the desired profile.

The features of operating a railway wheel with new profiles are as follows.

During the movement of the car, the wheel interacts with the rail, depending on the plan and the track profile, mainly by part 5 of the driving surface, and in curves of small radius or on the path of unsatisfactory condition it can also interact with fillet 4, working surface 3 of the ridge and section 6 of the rolling surface.

For testing, prototypes of wheels were made with a profile selected from the proposed interval, which was assigned the designation ITM-73. The operational test data of gondola cars equipped with wheels with the proposed profile, in comparison with the use of the prototype profile, indicate a decrease in the wear intensity of the wheel flanges by an average of 25-35% (see, respectively, round and square markers in figure 2).

This will extend the life of the wheels without re-sharpening the wear of the ridges to 375-400 thousand km.

It should be noted that wheel sets with a standard rim profile (triangular markers) after driving gondola cars of approximately 100-130 thousand km were withdrawn from circulation along a thin ridge and sent for regrinding.

Industrial applicability

The proposed profiles can be used in the manufacture of new seamless-rolled wheels for freight wagon trolleys with constant contact sliders.

Wheels with the proposed wear-resistant rim profile can be used for complex modernization of the model 18-100 three-element trolley, as well as in other freight wagon trolleys with permanent-contact elastic-dissipative clevis, including new generation wagon trolleys. At the same time, along with a decrease in wheel wear, the regulatory requirements for the dynamic characteristics of freight cars in a wider range of speeds are achieved, the influence of wheel wear on reducing the critical speed is reduced, and the level of shock loads during the interaction of the crews and the track is reduced.

Specific profiles selected within the above ranges ensure smooth coupling of the skating surface with the working surface of the ridge both in new and in repair wheels, which facilitates fitting cars into curves of small (<350 m) radius without impairing their dynamic qualities and saving metal when dragging worn wheels. Reducing the probability of force contact of the wheel flanges with the side faces of the rail heads prevents intensive wear of the wheel flanges.

Claims (1)

A railway car wheel, the rim profile of which includes a rolling surface smoothly conjugated with the ridge surface and which is defined by arcs of radii R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ , R ₄ and conjugate straight line segments with different slopes, while the position of the centers of the circles of these arcs with respect to point 0, located at the intersection of the skating circle with the generatrix of the skating surface, and the coordinates of the mating points of the straight line segments are selected depending on the actual thickness Δ _{i of the} ridge, which is in the range from 29 to 33 mm, as follows: with the thickness of the ridge Δ _min = 29 mm, which is typical for repair wheels: - the coordinates of the centers and the radii of these arcs are equal to: x ₁ = -52.1 mm and y ₁ = -13.3 mm for R ₁ = 18.0 mm, x ₂ = -57.7 mm and y ₂ = -14.5 mm for R ₂ = 13.5 mm, x ₃ = -26.6 mm and y ₃ = -20.4 mm for R ₃ = 17.7 mm; x ₄ = -18.1 mm and y ₄ = -38.9 mm for R ₄ = 38 mm; - an arc of radius R ₁ and its associated arc of radius R ₂ are components of the generatrix of the ridge head; - an arc of radius R _{2 with} a straight line segment with an angle of inclination of 70 ° to the horizontal is conjugated with an arc of radius R ₃ , which is the first part of the fillet; - an arc of radius R _{3 is} conjugated with an arc of radius R ₄ , which is the second part of the fillet; - an arc of radius R _{4 is} conjugated with a straight line segment with a slope of 1:20 (-20 mm <x <40 mm) turning into a straight line segment with a slope of 1: 7 (40 mm <x <54 mm) and then into a straight line segment with a slope 1: 1 (54 mm <x <60 mm); with a ridge thickness Δ _max = 33 mm, which is typical for new wheels: - the coordinates of the centers and the radii of these arcs are equal to: x ₁ = -39.0 mm and y ₁ = -5.0 mm for R ₁ = 31.0 mm, x ₂ = -53.7 mm and y ₂ = -14.5 mm for R ₂ = 13.5 mm, x ₃ = -22.5 mm and y ₃ = -20.2 mm for R ₃ = 17.7 mm; x ₄ = -14.0 mm and y ₄ = -38.7 mm for R ₄ = 38 mm; - an arc of radius R ₁ and its associated arc of radius R ₂ are components of the generatrix of the ridge head; - an arc of radius R _{2 with} a straight line segment with an angle of inclination of 70 ° to the horizontal is conjugated with an arc of radius R ₃ , which is the first part of the fillet; - an arc of radius R _{3 is} conjugated with an arc of radius R ₄ , which is the second part of the fillet; - an arc of radius R _{4 is} conjugated with a straight line segment with a slope of 1:20 (-17 mm <x <40 mm), passing into a straight line segment with a slope of 1: 7 (40 mm <x <54 mm) and then into a straight line segment with a slope 1: 1 (54 mm <x <60 mm).