RU2681985C1 - Method of manufacture of high-protein feed for carnivorous fur-bearing animals - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fodder production.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the production of fodders, and in particular to a method for the production of high-protein feed for carnivorous fur-bearing animals in the form of dry extruded pellets. Method is characterized by the fact that it provides for the mixing and grinding of dry components of the feed, the addition of sunflower or flax, or soybean meal, thermal processing of the mixture obtained in an extruder and the drying of the granules, while the original components are taken in the following ratio, wt. %: Musca Domestica fly larvae biomass flour – 42.0, wheat flour or groats – 47.0, sunflower meal – 6.0, protein-vitamin complex – 4.5, feed additive “Pushnovit-1” – 0.5 or flour from the biomass of Musca Domestica fly larvae – 44.0, oatmeal or groats – 44.0, flax meal – 6.0, protein-vitamin complex – 5.0, feed additive "Pushnovit-1" – 1.0, or Musca Domestica fly larvae biomass flour – 46.0, barley flour or groats – 42.0, soybean meal –7.5, protein-vitamin complex – 4.0, feed additive “Pushnovit-1” – 0.5.EFFECT: use of the invention will improve the quality of fur.1 cl, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the production of animal feed, namely to feed for carnivorous fur animals.

A method for the production of high-protein feed for carnivorous fur-bearing animals in the form of dry extruded granules, characterized in that it involves mixing and grinding of dry components of the feed, adding sunflower or linseed, or soybean meal, heat treatment of the resulting mixture on an extruder and drying of the granules, while the initial components take in the following ratio, wt. %:

Musca Domestica biomass flour 42.0 wheat flour or cereal 47.0 sunflower meal 6.0 protein and vitamin complex 4,5 feed additive "Pushnovit-1" 0.5

or

Musca Domestica biomass flour 44.0 oat flour or cereal 44.0 linen meal 6.0 protein and vitamin complex 5,0 feed additive "Pushnovit-1" 1,0

or

Musca Domestica biomass flour 46.0 barley flour or cereal 42.0 soybean meal 7.5 protein and vitamin complex 4.0 feed additive "Fluffy-1" 0.5

In total, the components are 100 wt. %

The use of this invention will increase the biological value of feed for carnivorous fur animals, which contributes to the normal growth and development of individuals, improves the quality of their fur and meets current standards for pelts and raw fur-fur:

- GOST 12266-89 "Fur and fur raw materials, packaging, transportation; storage"

- GOST 7179-70 “Skins of Arctic fox dressed. Technical conditions ";

- GOST 2790-88 “Cellular breeding fox skins. Technical conditions ";

- GOST 12438-66 "Sable skins dressed up. Technical specifications

- GOST 12565-67 “Ermine skins and weasels not finished. Technical conditions. "

In the economic aspect, the production of feed is not expensive, due to the low cost of components. It should also be noted that the development of such compound feed does not have a negative impact on the environment, i.e. is environmentally friendly.

The invention relates to feed for carnivorous fur animals, is universal for all individuals.

In USSR patent No. 2081931/15, a feed mixture for carnivorous fur animals, namely foxes and arctic foxes, is described, containing, mass. %: fishmeal - 29-53, grain flour - 33-55, protein-vitamin concentrate - 6.0-7.0, fat - 1.5-11.5, feed additive "Pushnovit-1" - 0.5 -1.0.

The disadvantage of the invention is the fact that the feed is suitable only for foxes and arctic foxes, while the present invention applies to all types of carnivorous fur-bearing animals. Particular attention should be paid to such a component as fishmeal. Its use is permitted according to GOST 2116-2000, but is severely limited by the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union (code 2301200000) due to the frequent falsification of its bone meal. Since carnivorous fur-bearing animals need animal protein, the source of the proposed invention uses flour from the biomass of Musca Domestica larvae of flies, known for its high-protein composition. At the same time, flour does not adversely affect animals and their offspring.

To solve the technical problem, it is proposed to use such grain raw materials that would be suitable for feeding all types of carnivorous fur animals, and not for each species separately.

The patent RU 2202896 describes feed for dogs and fur animals. Compound feed is represented by components in the following ratio, mass%: bone meal - 15.0-20.0, fodder grain mixture - 50.0-55.0, wheat gluten - 5.0-6.0, alcohol production waste - 13.0- 17.0, beet production waste - 3.0-5.5, premix - 1.0, monosodium glutamate - 0.05-0.1, nettle dry and / or natural peat.

The disadvantage of this compound feed is the presence in its composition of a food additive - sodium glutamate, as well as bone meal. Due to the negative effect of sodium glutamate on the gastrointestinal tract of the animal, a hormonal disorder occurs, which leads to a deterioration in the quality of the fur. Bone meal, it is also meat and bone (GOST 17536-82), is prohibited in use on the territory of the Russian Federation in accordance with the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union (code 2301100000). As you know, this type of flour is able to affect the genetics of offspring, which in the case of carnivorous fur animals can affect the quality of the fur, its specificity, for example, color and shade.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a functional feed for carnivorous fur-bearing animals, devoid of these disadvantages, which includes all the necessary macro- and microelements for the normal growth and development of individuals that can improve the quality of fur and completely replace meat and meat products in the diet of animals.

Musca Domestica larvae biomass flour is a source of natural animal protein. This flour is characterized by its high-protein composition, suitable for the cultivation of carnivorous fur-bearing animals. In its composition, it has such components as melanin, which affects the color of the fur in animals, making it brighter and richer, essential amino acids and fatty acids, as well as mineral components necessary for the full growth and development of the animal (Ca, K, Mg, Na, Fe et al.). Flour has bactericidal properties, increases immunity in animals that feed on it, since larvae of flies secrete natural antibiotics in the process of life.

The analysis showed that 100 g of flour from the biomass of Musca Domestica larvae contains 48.0-60.38% crude protein, 14.08% crude fat and 10.68% ash.

Flour from larval biomass is superior in protein content to fish and meat and bone meal. Its production is the least expensive, which leads to a decrease in the cost of feed in general, thereby making it generally available.

For comparison, in fishmeal, the protein content varies, mass. %: 60.0-62.0, in meat and bone 30.0-50.0, in biomass flour of Musca Domestica larvae 48.0-76.0.

Before adding to the feed, the meal is crushed. After crushing, the sunflower meal is soaked, the linseed is steamed, and the soybean is boiled. Cake is added to the feed at the very end of the production cycle. A different approach is used for each raw material, as this increases the digestibility of their proteins.

Protein-vitamin concentrate (BVK) is introduced into the feed as a binder, so that the dry feed does not crumble during mixing with water. It is a product of the cultivation of yeast cells on the waste products of various non-plant raw materials, such as lower organic alcohols.

As a feed additive, “Pushnovit-1” is used. This is a light yellow granular powder with granules of white and yellow, a specific smell, sweet taste. In one tablet "Pushnovita-1" contains, mg: vitamin E - 15.0; B ₁ - 0.25; B ₂ - 0.4; calcium pantothenate - 3.0; B ₆ - 0.5; B ₁₂ - 0.003; folic acid - 0.1; Vitamin C - 30.0. These components regulate redox processes, improve appetite, metabolism in the body of carnivorous fur animals, and also prevent disturbances in the development and pigmentation of the coat, and disorders of the reproductive functions of males and females. This supplement has no side effects.

The new high-protein compound feed for carnivorous fur-bearing animals is made in the form of dry extruded granules. The shape of the granules was chosen because carnivorous fur-bearing animals need to nibble food, they do not chew it.

Feed production is carried out according to the following technology:

- Dry feed components are mixed and crushed;

- At the final stage of mixing add pre-processed meal;

- Temperature treatment of a mixture of crushed components on an extruder and drying of granules.

Example 1

A method for the production of high-protein feed for carnivorous fur-bearing animals in the form of dry extruded granules, characterized in that it involves mixing and grinding dry feed components, adding sunflower, heat treatment of the resulting mixture on an extruder and drying the granules, while the initial components are taken in the following ratio, wt . %:

flour from biomass of Musca Domestica fly larvae 42.0 wheat flour or cereal 47.0 sunflower meal 6.0 protein and vitamin complex 4,5 feed additive "Fluffy-1" 0.5

In total, the components are 100 wt. %

Wheat for the manufacture of flour / cereal for animal feed is regulated in accordance with GOST R 54078-2010. Wheat is widely grown, rich in carbohydrates (63.7 g per 100 g of product), vitamins B and E. The percentage of components in wheat: proteins - 15%, fats - 2%, carbohydrates - 20%.

Sunflower meal (GOST 80-96) is the most common and has a high feed value. Exchange energy - 303 kcal per 100 g of Product. Protein content - 36%, fat - 13%, carbohydrates - 18%.

In sunflower meal there is a residual amount of sunflower oil - up to 15%, which has high quality indicators that are not comparable with feed oil: low oxidation state, high content of vitamin E and phospholipids, contains vitamins of group B, beta-carotene. Protein contained in the cake is full in amino acid composition, especially in comparison with cereal feed. Fiber contained in the cake affects the digestibility of food and is necessary in the diets of all individuals of carnivorous fur-bearing animals.

Example 2

A method for the production of high-protein feed for carnivorous fur-bearing animals in the form of dry extruded granules, characterized in that it involves mixing and grinding dry feed components, adding soybean meal, heat treatment of the resulting mixture on an extruder and drying the granules, while the initial components are taken in the following ratio, wt. %:

flour from biomass of Musca Domestica fly larvae 46.0 barley flour or cereal 42.0 soybean meal 7.5 protein and vitamin complex 4.0 feed additive "Fluffy-1" 0.5

In total, the components are 100 wt. %

Barley for the manufacture of flour / cereal for animal feed is regulated in accordance with GOST R 53900-2010. It surpasses oats in nutritional properties, but has a higher cost price, however, adding it to animal feed intensively affects the weight gain of carnivorous fur animals, as it contains 9-11% protein.

Soybean cake (GOST 27149-95). Soy protein is well absorbed by the body of carnivorous fur-bearing animals and, according to its biological value, approaches proteins of animal origin. The high content of energy and protein (45%) in the meal allows you to make high protein and high-energy diets without the use of expensive fats.

Due to short-term heating and high pressure at the exit of the extruder, the amino acid composition is preserved in the soybean meal, and the intercellular septum of the soybean is destroyed, which makes this product highly digestible. Extrusion and press processing gives the soybean meal a pleasant smell, and all kinds of carnivorous fur animals eat it well.

Example 3

A method for the production of high-protein feed for carnivorous fur-bearing animals in the form of dry extruded granules, characterized in that it involves mixing and grinding the dry components of the feed, adding flaxseed meal, heat treatment of the resulting mixture on an extruder and drying the granules, while the initial components are taken in the following ratio, wt. %:

flour from biomass of Musca Domestica fly larvae 44.0 oatmeal or cereal 44.0 linseed cake 6.0 protein and vitamin complex 5,0 feed additive "Fluffy-1" 1,0

In total, the components are 100 wt. %

Oats for the manufacture of cereals / flour for animal feed is regulated in accordance with GOST R 53901-2010. Its advantage is that it has a good effect on the digestion process of carnivorous fur-bearing animals. It contains 8.5% protein, 70% starch, 4-8% fat and 10.5% fiber, vitamins.

Flaxseed cake (GOST 10974-95) has a high calorie content (one hundred grams of cake has more than 320 Kcal), contains 28.7% protein. Dietary fiber of flaxseed cake contains a large number of phytoestrogens, which are similar to estrogens of carnivorous fur-bearing animals. They regulate the sexual cycle. Flaxseed meal also has a high amount of amino acids, including essential ones. It contains phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine, threonine.

Flaxseed meal contains vitamins: thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, folic acid, ascorbic acid, biotin, tocopherol. Especially a lot - vitamin B1, E. Among the minerals and trace elements in the cake there is a large amount of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium, iron, chromium, aluminum, cobalt, molybdenum, nickel. Omega-3 acid is also contained

To prove the achievement of the technical result, studies were conducted on 12 silver-black foxes aged 3 to 5 years (6 females and 6 males), which are in standard conditions for carnivorous fur animals. Of the total number of foxes, two groups were formed on the basis of analogues (the same weight and age ratios).

Foxes from the first group (6 individuals: 3 males and 3 females) received standard feeds such as meat and liver of cattle, cereals based on wheat with the addition of dried vegetables.

Foxes from the second group were divided into three subgroups (in each subgroup 1 male and 1 female) and received the declared compound feed.

The first subgroup received mixed feed consisting of larval biomass flour, wheat cereal, sunflower meal, protein-vitamin complex, and feed additive “Pushnovit-1”.

The second subgroup received mixed feed, consisting of larval biomass flour, barley flour, soybean meal, protein-vitamin complex, and feed additive “Pushnovit-1”.

The third subgroup received mixed feed consisting of larva biomass flour, oatmeal, flaxseed meal, protein-vitamin complex, and feed additive “Pushnovit-1”.

The results of feeding the feed are shown in table 1.

Table 1. Quality indicators of silver-black fox fur after feeding compound feed for 60 days.

After analyzing the experiment, it was revealed that in the 3rd subgroup of the 2nd group of silver-black foxes, the quality of the fur improved in a larger number of indicators.

Analysis for mycotoxins by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay according to GOST 31653-2012 approved the safety of the use of compound feed. All indicators are within normal limits. The analysis results are shown in table 2.

Table 2. The percentage of mycotoxins in the feed

Claims (6)

A method for the production of high-protein feed for carnivorous fur-bearing animals in the form of dry extruded granules, characterized in that it involves mixing and grinding of dry components of the feed, adding sunflower or linseed, or soybean meal, heat treatment of the resulting mixture on an extruder and drying of the granules, while the initial components take in the following ratio, wt. %: Musca Domestica biomass flour 42.0 wheat flour or cereal 47.0 sunflower meal 6.0 protein and vitamin complex 4,5 feed additive "Pushnovit-1" 0.5 or Musca Domestica biomass flour 44.0 oat flour or cereal 44.0 linen meal 6.0 protein and vitamin complex 5,0 feed additive "Pushnovit-1" 1,0 or Musca Domestica biomass flour 46.0 barley flour or cereal 42.0 soybean meal 7.5 protein and vitamin complex 4.0 feed additive "Pushnovit-1"  0.5