RU2696545C2 - Method of producing new types of specialized high-efficiency fodder preparations for aquacultures based on linseed press cake deep processing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fodders.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to fodder production, in particular, to granulated high-efficiency fodder for artificial aquaculture growing. Fodder contains sunflower press cake, fish meal, cod liver oil, palm oil, fodder yeast, ground gammarus, herb or algal flour, vitamin-and-mineral premix, beer grains, flax flour at certain ratio of initial components. Additionally, the fodder may contain flour from wheat grain wastes, meat-and-algae flour, soya bean flour, ballast from purified and fractionated sand or meat-and-bone and vitazar flour, or wheat flour, dried plum, dried sunflower oil, methionine.

EFFECT: invention usage will allow to increase fish herd safety, stimulate their growth and productivity.

1 cl, 2 tbl, 3 ex

Description

Application area

The invention relates to the field of feed production, in particular for feeding artificially grown fish, animal feed.

Aquaculture, that is, artificial fish farming, is one of the strategic directions of the Russian agro-industrial complex: stocks of natural catch fish are decreasing every year, and prices for it are growing in proportion to the exchange rate and increasing demand. Therefore, fish grown artificially, allows not only to satisfy the demand for these products, but also to restrain the growth of prices for them.

However, the diets of fish grown by enterprises in most cases are different from the diets of fish caught naturally.

However, in the country there is practically no production of animal feed for valuable fish species. One of the main problems is related to the quality of feed, their balance in basic nutrients. As a result of the imbalance of feed by protein and amino acid composition in Russia, 2-3 times more feed is spent on livestock production in comparison with the standards of developed countries. Another reason for the decline in the quality and increase in the price of animal feed is associated with a high proportion of grain components, which is about 70%, while in developed European countries it is 40-45%. In these countries, legumes, oilcakes and meal, by-products of the food and processing industries are widely used. One of the main tasks at present is the production of full-feed compound feeds according to recipes containing a smaller proportion of feed grain due to an increase in the above components. Another reason is the lack of a developed biotechnological industry in the country. Thus, most of the volume of the Russian market of feed amino acids, enzymes and the entire volume of the Russian market of feed vitamins are imported products, which leads to a rise in the cost of Russian feed and to the dependence of the feed industry on supplies from abroad.

Foreign practice of cultivating different ages and types of fish confirms that through the use of high-grade compound feeds, maximum fish productivity can be obtained while reducing the cost of feed for increasing the weight of fish (feed coefficient).

State of the art

Traditionally, when feeding fish, feeds are used which include protein, vitamins, macro- and microelements and various inorganic compounds, the balance of which is very important for the quality of feed products.

Known feed additives that contain the necessary nutrients and have a great influence on the vital processes of a living organism. (Compound feed, feed additives and milk replacer for animals. Reference book. V.A. Krokhina, A.P. Kalashnikov et al. M: Agropromizdat, 1990, 304 p.)

Known food for feeding marketable fish (Zheltov Yu.A. Compound feed recipes for growing fish of different species and ages in industrial fish farming. - Kiev: Inkos, 2006. - 154 pp.), Which contains the following components: Fish flour; Meat and bone meal; Yeast; Sunflower meal; Soybean meal; Wheat flour; Vitamin B-4; Premix Sunflower oil.

The disadvantages of the above feeds are their high cost, due to the use in the formulation of a significant proportion of fish meal and soybean meal. Fishmeal - a traditional, quite expensive, protein component of feed, manufactured using modern technologies, does not fully meet the requirements for feed to meet the nutritional needs of some fish species, in particular salmon. Soy protein, soybean meal is poor in dietary fiber and has a side effect such as impaired reproductive function.

The closest feed recipe adopted as a prototype is a feed containing the following components: Protein green concentrates; Fish meal; Meat and bone meal; Yeast; Sunflower meal; Soybean meal; Wheat flour; Vitamin B-4; Premix Sunflower oil (patent for the invention No. 2579767, 06/18/2015, IPC A23K 50/80 (2006.01),

The disadvantage of this food: a significant proportion of fishmeal and soybean meal.

In addition, the disadvantage of the above recipe is the lack of polyunsaturated fatty acids and, in the first place, such acids as α-linolenic (Omega-3), lenoleic (Omega-6), oleic (Omega-9). Among these acids, Omega-3 fatty acid stands out as the main and indispensable for the life of living organisms.

It should be noted that the organisms of humans and animals cannot independently synthesize polyunsaturated acids. The presence of these acids in feed additives is an important factor in creating a balanced, specialized feed additive.

In addition, the well-known supplement lacks lignans, natural phytoestrogens, which strengthen the internal barriers of cells, their structure, increase the resistance of living organisms to the effects of pathogenic bacteria.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the present invention is to provide high-quality, but cheaper in production (by reducing the proportion of fish, soybean meal, soybean meal, oilcake) feed formulations based on flax flour (a product of grinding cold-pressed flaxseed meal), which can be used to increase the safety of fish herds , stimulate their growth and increase productivity.

The technical result of the proposed solution is to reduce the cost of specialized feed for fish during their cultivation in aquaculture and to improve the quality of the composition of granules made on their basis.

The technical result is achieved in that the fish feed is characterized by the fact that it includes components at their next content, wt. %:

linseed flour - from 10 to 20 sunflower meal - from 5 to 10 grass or algal flour - from 1 to 5 fish meal - from 20 to 40 beer grains - from 3 to 5 feed yeast - five fish fat - from 3 to 5 ground gammarus - from 5 to 15 Palm oil - one vitamin and mineral premix - 3

Flax cake used in the recipe and flour from it are a valuable source of nutrients and have long been used both in human nutrition and in the manufacture of animal feed. That is why it is advisable to use flaxseed in aquaculture feeds.

Flaxseed meal in terms of amino acid composition is largely an analogue of fishmeal, and the vitamin content of flaxseed meal reduces the use of expensive vitamin premixes.

Flaxseed meal has a high energy value, while the digestible protein (its content in the meal is up to 400 g per kg) exceeds wheat by 3 times. In addition to high digestibility, the protein has a wide amino acid composition (more than in cereals - lysine, methionine, cystine, tryptophan, etc.). It also has high dietary properties. When steamed, flaxseed cake forms mucus, the same as when cooking flax seed and with the same properties. Flaxseed meal or flaxseed flour contains about 28-34% of dietary fiber, which is concentrated mainly in their shells and is represented by such substances as cellulose, hemicellulose, pectins, lignin and lignans. Flax cake is the source of most vitamins - B1, B2, B6, niacin, pantothenic acid, folic acid, biotin, tocopherols (vitamin E). The content of thiamine (vitamin B1) and folic acid is especially high. Flax cake contains a number of macro and microelements - calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, copper, aluminum, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, molybdenum, nickel. The highest content of flax seeds contains potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium. The fats remaining in the flaxseed cake after distillation of the oil have all the beneficial properties of flaxseed oil, namely, a high content of alpha-linolenic (omega-3) fatty acid, as well as other unsaturated fatty acids. It contains a fairly large number of tocopherols: vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) and gamma - tocopherol.

The flax flour used in the proposed formulation was studied by HPLC, the amino acid profiles, the total content of protein, fat and carbohydrates were determined. An insignificant variation in the amino acid composition in flax flour was noted, depending on the climatic conditions of growth in the Altai Territory (Fig. 1).

Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention.

A study was made of the amino acid composition of flaxseed meal samples taken from three different regions of the Altai Territory, which allowed us to identify 10 essential and 8 essential amino acids.

The sum of amino acids is represented by monoaminomonocarboxylic, monoaminodicarboxylic, diaminomonocarboxylic and heterocyclic amino acids.

The analysis of amino acids revealed the predominance of proline, glutamine and asparagine (table 1). Samples from Pervomaisky district contain slightly more leucine and methionine, for Krutikhinsky - threonine, for Verkhsuetkinsky - glutamine, alanine and glycine.

In general, fluctuations in the content of non-essential and essential amino acids are not observed significant fluctuations, so this allows you to prepare feed mixtures with a stable formulation, without constant incoming control of raw materials - linseed meal.

The main groups of vitamins in flaxseed meal (Table 2) are Tocopherol and water-soluble B vitamins. The study revealed a content of Tocopherol 4.1-6.6 mg / g, Thiamine 9.1-11.0 mg / g, Riboflavin 5 0-6.1 mg / g; Pantothenic acid 7.9-9.0 mg / g; and Nicotinic acid 30-40 mg / g. Significant variations and the dependence of the concentrations of vitamins from the place of growth were not identified.

The need for fish for basic nutrients does not remain constant and varies depending on age, size, puberty, hydrochemical properties and water temperature.

When compiling recipes and developing technologies for the production of animal feed for aquaculture, it is always necessary to take into account a number of features:

For all types of whitefish: their diet should include live food - artemia nauplii, small forms of zooplankton.

Based on the understanding of the necessary supply of nutrients and their content in flaxseed, the following aquaculture formulations have been developed for various breeds, fish ages and conditions.

Example 1 - Recipe for feed for growing canal and claria catfish Components % by weight Substitutes Note Flax flour 15 Wheat Waste Flour 15 100% replacement for barley, oat Sunflower meal ten Grass flour 3 crushed hay alfalfa, clover, nettle substitute for coniferous flour in a half dose of 1.0: 0.5 Fish meal 20 Soya flour ten Soybean meal, pea meal in terms of protein content 1: 0.7: 1.2 Beer grains 3 Meat and bone meal 6 Fodder yeast five Fish fat 3 Gammarus shredded five krill flour Palm oil one spraying on finished granules to create a long-lasting water-repellent effect Vitamin and Mineral Premix 3 vitamins A, D, E, C (ascorbipolyphosphate) of group B, phytase enzyme, iron aspartate, calcium aspartate, carotenoids, chalk, phosphates, chitosan, antioxidant Refined and fractionated sand ballast one sinking feed option Crude protein not less than 45 Crude fat not less than 10

Example 2 - Recipe production feed for growing whitefish Components % by weight Substitutes Note Flax flour 20 Vitazar ten Sunflower meal five Grass or seaweed flour five crushed hay alfalfa, clover, nettle substitute for coniferous flour in a half dose of 1.0: 0.5 Fish meal thirty Beer grains 3 Meat and bone meal four Fodder yeast five Fish fat four Gammarus shredded ten krill flour Palm oil one spraying on finished granules to create a long-lasting water-repellent effect Vitamin and Mineral Premix 3 vitamins A, D, E, C (ascorbipolyphosphate) of group B, enzymes phytase, amylase, alkaline phosphatase, iron aspartate, calcium aspartate, carotenoids, phosphates, choline, chitosan, chalk, antioxidants, dye Crude protein not less than 50 Crude fat not less than 7 Energy kcal / kg 4200-4300

Example 3 - Recipe for production feed for the basin rearing of young whitefish, from 50 mg. up to 10 gr. Components % by weight Substitutes Note Flax flour ten Wheat Waste Flour five 100% replacement for barley, oat Sunflower meal five Grass flour one crushed hay alfalfa, clover, nettle substitute for coniferous flour in a half dose of 1.0: 0.5 Fish meal 40 Beer grains one Fodder yeast five Fish fat five Sunflower oil 3 Dried Artemia or Nauplii five Gammarus shredded 15 krill flour Methionine one Palm oil one spraying on finished granules to create a long-lasting water-repellent effect Vitamin and Mineral Premix 3 vitamins A, D, E, C (ascorbipolyphosphate) of group B, enzymes phytase, amylase, iron aspartate, calcium aspartate, carotenoids, chalk, phosphates, chitosan, antioxidants Crude protein not less than 60 Crude fat not less than 10 Energy kcal / kg 4500-4700

Claims (14)

Granular feed for the artificial cultivation of aquaculture containing sunflower meal, fish meal, fish oil, palm oil, fodder yeast, ground gammarus, grass or algae flour, vitamin and mineral premix, beer pellet and flax flour, in the following ratio of the starting components, wt. %: linseed flour 10-20 sunflower meal 5-10 herbal or algal flour 1-5 fish meal 20-40 grains of beer 3-5 feed yeast - 5 fish oil 3-5 ground gammarus 5-15 palm oil - 1 vitamin and mineral premix - 3 2. The granulated feed according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises flour from wheat grain waste, meat and bone meal, soy flour, ballast from refined and fractionated sand, the initial components being taken in the following ratio, wt. %: linseed flour 15, sunflower meal - 10, grass flour - 3, fish flour - 20, beer pellet - 3, fodder yeast - 5, fish oil - 3, ground gammarus - 5, palm oil - 1, vitamin and mineral premix - 3, flour from wheat grain waste - 15, meat and bone meal - 6, soy flour - 10, ballast from refined and fractionated sand - 1. 3. The granulated feed according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises meat and bone meal - 4 wt. %, Vitazar - 10 wt. % 4. The granulated feed according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises flour from wheat grain waste - 5 wt. %, dried artemia - 5 wt. %, sunflower oil - 3 wt. % methionine - 1 wt. %