RU2680309C1 - Agroiodine plant protection agent - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention – Agroiodine agent for plant protection refers to the agents of plant protection and disinfection and can be used to combat plant diseases of viral, bacterial and fungal etiology. Agent contains a water-soluble product of iodine interaction with an organic reagent, organic solvents, wetting agent is a non-ionic surfactant in the following proportions, wt.%: iodine 3–25, organic solvent dimethylsulfoxide 10–25, organic solvent propylene glycol 25–45, nonionic surfactant 35–40. Organic reagent interacting with iodine is polyethylene glycol alkylphenyl ether, which also serves as a nonionic wetting surfactant, and organic solvents are dimethylsulfoxide and propylene glycol.EFFECT: ensured expansion of fungicidal action due to the action of the proposed preparation against diseases and plant wrecking.1 cl, 7 tbl, 4 ex

Description

The invention is a plant protection agent “Agroiod” relates to plant protection products and can be used in agriculture to combat plant diseases of viral, bacterial and fungal etiology.

Such a wide spectrum of action of the proposed plant protection product “Agroiod”, and especially its high effectiveness against viral pathogens, is due to the fact that the composition of the product includes a water-soluble complex of iodine with a surfactant.

A large number of iodine-containing agents are known, which are characterized by various properties. They are used mainly in medicine and veterinary medicine, as disinfectants, antiseptics, hemostatic, irritating, distracting, anti-inflammatory and wound healing agents. [Mashkovsky M.D. Medicines - 15th ed., Rev., Rev. and add. - M: LLC "Publishing House New Wave", 2006. - S. 701-703, 937-938.]

Means containing or releasing iodine in free form have a wide range of well-defined antimicrobial (antibacterial, fungicidal, antiviral and antiprotozoal) effects. In microorganisms, such drugs, unlike antibacterial ones (antibiotics), do not develop resistance even with prolonged use.

The following drugs are best known: Iodomethroxide (patent RU 2080864, 1997), Saveyodim (patent UA 59974 A, 7 A61K9 / 08, 2003), Citrosol (patent RU 2189238, 2000), Iodoprotectin (patent RU 2490008), Iodotriethylene glycol (ITEG) -A (patent RU 2107501, 1998). The dissolution of iodine in water is achieved by the inclusion of such solvents as dimethyl sulfoxide, glycerin and triethylene glycol, as well as potassium iodide. All drugs are characterized by a low iodine content.

There are a number of drugs in which the dissolution of iodine in water is achieved through the inclusion of nonionic water-soluble polymers in the composition of the product - derivatives of polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinylpyrrolidone, etc. with which iodine forms various complexes due to non-valent interaction.

Known drug Iodinol, which is obtained by mixing an aqueous solution of iodine in potassium iodide with polyvinyl alcohol with a ratio of polyvinyl alcohol: iodine: potassium iodide: water 9-10: 1-1,2: 3-4: 1-7, antiseptic iodopyron, representing a mixture of the complex polyvinylpyrrolidone - potassium iodide with 1% active iodine content (State Register of Medicines. Official publication: 2 vol. M: Medical Council, 2009. - Vol. 2, part 1 - 568 s .; h. 2 - 560 s.), The drug Monclavit-1 - (http://www.monclavit.ru) - medicinal antiseptic and disinfectant with a broad spectrum of action, which is an iodine-based water-polymer system in the form of a complex of poly-N-vinylamidacyclosulfosulfoiodide.

The known disinfectant Iodine-neonol (UA 60088 A, 7A61K33 / 18, 2003) used in veterinary medicine. It is an aqueous solution - a concentrate containing crystalline iodine 4.8-5.2%, dimethyl sulfoxide 4.8-5.2%, neonol AF 9-12 33.0-37.0%, sodium phosphate disubstituted 09-1.1%, which is diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 20 before use .

Known disinfectant iodine (patent RU 2080079, 1997). According to the description of the specified tool is obtained by mixing crystalline iodine with the product of the copolymerization of ethylene oxide and propylene and alcohols fraction C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ . Iodine and the copolymer are taken in the ratio (5-15): (95-85). The reaction is carried out at 34-42 ° C. LD ₅₀ "Iodine" is 360 mg / kg (white mice). The main disadvantage of the described method is the instability of the resulting drug (a decrease in the content of active iodine during storage is 7-20%). In addition, the preparation of a preparation with a high iodine content requires long-term aging of iodine with a carrier - copolymer due to the poor solubility of iodine.

However, all of the above drugs are used for disinfection only in medicine and veterinary medicine, while trying to use Iodez to protect plants, it turned out that its aqueous solutions have a burning effect on the leaf surface and plant stems, which severely limits its use in agriculture.

Known US patents No. 2742736; 2853416 and 2853417, which describe the composition of iodine with N-vinylpyrrolidone, used to protect plants from diseases caused by nematodes and insects. Known patent EP No. 1018883, describing a complex composition containing iodine both in ionic form and in molecular (a complexing agent is not indicated in the patent), except for the main active substance - iodine, the composition contains secondary active components - insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, etc. .d., there is a mention of the presence in the composition of emulsifiers, oils, mineral salts, organic and mineral acids.

The disadvantage of the described tools is the complexity of their composition, the high cost of the individual components that make up the composition and the difficulty of obtaining water-soluble iodine compounds (for example, obtaining a complex of iodine with polyvinylpyrrolidone). In addition, the surface of the plant leaf is covered with hydrophobic lipid compounds (waxes), which prevents uniform wetting and long-term retention of the working solution on the surface.

Closest to the proposed solution is a method of obtaining a disinfectant (patent RU 2236854, 2004). The specified tool is obtained by complexation of iodine with polymerization products of ethylene oxide and propylene with fatty alcohols (syntanols) and alkyl phenols (neonols). Ethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, low molecular weight polyethylene, polypropylene glycols and copolymers (proxanols) can be used as nonionic surfactants and organic solvents. The ingredients are taken in the following ratio: crystalline iodine 10-20%, complexing component 30-70%, surfactant 15-20%.

The drug, called Farmayod, is highly soluble in water, and is highly effective against various bacteria, micro fungi and viruses. The patent (RU 2282356, 2006) provides test results showing the high efficacy of the drug against phytopathogenic microflora in the absence of phytotoxicity.

However, crystalline iodine is poorly soluble in most organic solvents, ethoxylated alcohols and alkyl phenols. This requires prolonged heating and mixing of the components, which leads to the formation of highly toxic volatile iodine vapors for humans and severe corrosion of equipment. The solvents used in the prototype — ethylene glycol, triethylene glycol — are toxic to humans and animals, and polyethylene and polypropylene glycols are not very effective as surfactants.

To eliminate these shortcomings, to combat plant diseases of bacterial, viral and fungal etiology, a composition is proposed containing a water-soluble product of the interaction of iodine with an organic reagent, an organic solvent, an auxiliary nonionic surface-active compound in the following proportions (%% weight):

Iodine 3-25

Dimethyl sulfoxide 10-25

Propylene glycol 25-45

Nonionic surfactant 35-40

As an organic reagent for the formation of a complex with iodine, compounds related to ethoxylated alkyl phenols, in particular neonol, are used. The same substance acts in the working solution both as a complexing agent that binds iodine and as a surfactant — a wetting agent necessary to achieve uniform distribution and long-term retention of the working solution of the proposed product on the sheet surface.

The solvent used is dimethyl sulfoxide and propylene glycol. Dimethyl sulfoxide, unlike glycols, polyglycols, ethoxylated fatty alcohols and alkyl phenols (neonol), dissolves iodine well under mild heating, which greatly facilitates the process of mixing the components. In addition, dimethyl sulfoxide promotes the transfer of active substances through the biological membranes of cells, enhancing their action. Propylene glycol, unlike that used in other formulations of ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol, is a non-toxic solvent for humans.

A feature of the invention is a previously unknown composition of a water-soluble organic compound of iodine, hydrophilic solvents and an auxiliary surfactant, which provides high antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal activity of the agent, in the absence of phytotoxicity.

According to the parameters of acute oral and cutaneous toxicity, all combinations of agents belong to the III-IV class of low-hazard substances.

Vapors are not dangerous during inhalation exposure (IV class of low hazard substances according to volatility).

All components that make up the preparative form of the drug are mixed with water in any ratio. The tool is used in the form of aqueous solutions for the aerosol treatment of vegetative plants and for the treatment of the root system both when detecting diseases and for prophylactic purposes.

The content of active iodine in working aqueous solutions (determined by titration with sodium thiosulfate) is 0.0005-0.5%.

Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention

Example 1 Preparation of a Formulation

10 g of crystalline iodine was placed in a flat-bottomed flask, where 10 g of dimethyl sulfoxide, previously heated to 50 ° C, were added and iodine was dissolved with stirring. The resulting iodine solution was added with stirring to 40 g of propylene glycol preheated to 50 ° C, and then 40 g of polyethylene glycol monoalkylphenyl ether (neonol AF-9-12) preheated to 50 ° C was added to the resulting solution. The mixture was stirred at a temperature of 45-50 ° C for 0.5 hours. For processing plants, a working solution of the agent in water was prepared with an iodine content of 0.005%.

Example 2. The effect of the drug on the total contamination of the coconut substrate.

The total contamination of the coconut substrate before and after treatment with iodine-containing preparations was determined using standard microbiological methods. The experiments used a coconut substrate company BIO GROW with a structure of Natural. A sample of a coconut substrate equal to 50 g was placed in beakers and moistened with 30 ml of the test solution of the preparation. Investigated concentrations: 0.01; 0.02; 0.03 vol.%. the drug "Agroyod". For comparison, the drug Farmayod was used. The results of the microbiological analysis of the contamination of the coconut substrate after treatment with various concentrations of the preparations are presented in table 1.

Table 1

Total spread of wet coconut substrate (in CFU / g)

Control (0%) 0.01% 0.02% 0.03% Agroyod 4 * 10 ⁷ 3 * 10 ⁵ 5 * 10 ⁴ 5 * 10 ³ Farmayod 5 * 10 ⁵ 8 * 10 ⁴ 2 * 10 ⁴

As can be seen from the results obtained, both drugs significantly reduce the total contamination of the coconut substrate in the studied concentration ranges with an exposure duration of one hour. At concentrations of 0.01% and 0.02%, Agroyod showed an activity about 1.5 times higher than Farmayod. Therefore, in the studied concentrations it is possible to use the drug Agroyod for disinfecting a coconut substrate.

Example 3. The study of the fungicidal activity of the drug.

The effect of Agroyod and Farmayod preparations on the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum was studied in two physiological conditions: spores and vegetative cells. For this, spores or vegetative cells of the fungus were applied to filter paper. Next, the obtained samples were treated with an aerosol solution containing the studied drug in the studied concentration (0.01; 0.02; 0.03 vol.%.) And placed on the surface of the agarized nutrient medium in Petri dishes and tightly pressed to the surface of the agar. The volume of the drug, which went on a single treatment, was 0.2 ml per 100 cm ² . As a control, similar samples were taken, but not treated with the drug. Petri dishes with samples were placed in a thermostat at a temperature of 28 ° C and after 5 days the growth of colonies was recorded on the surface of filter paper. According to the test results, it was found that both studied drugs in concentrations of 0.01; 0.02; 0.03 vol.% Completely inhibit the growth of the phytopathogen, which is in both conditions - spore and vegetative. Therefore, the studied drug "Agroyod" has no less strong fungicidal effect in a given concentration range than the drug "Farmayod".

Example 4. The fungicidal properties of the drug "Agroyod" were studied at the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology (FGBNU VNIIF). Studies were conducted in the Volgograd region. The fungicidal properties of the drug were studied in the treatment of soil, seeds and vegetative plants.

The effectiveness of the composition was tested in the following diseases

vegetable greenhouse crops of tomato and cucumber caused by:

1. On the tomato of the closed ground (hybrid Attiya F ₁ ):

- root rot,

- Fusarium,

- downy mildew,

- late blight,

- black leg,

- rhizoctonia

- tomato mosaic virus;

2. On a cucumber closed ground (hybrid Gravignia F ₁₎ :

- root rot,

- Fusarium,

- downy mildew,

- late blight,

- black leg,

- rhizoctoniosis,

- tobacco mosaic virus,

- bacterial wilt of cucumber;

The seeds were soaked in a solution of the drug, watering the soil, spraying the plants during the growing season. Multiplicity of treatments: three, five times. Equipment used: manual backpack sprayer "Beetle" OG-112, 12 l. The flow rate of the working fluid: when watering the soil 10 l per 5 m ² when spraying plants from 0.1 to 1 l / m ² depending on the size of the plants.

Tomatoes - Scheme of experience: presented in table 2.

table 2

Experience outline

No. p.p. Option / Drug Consumption rate one Agroyod, BP watering the soil 100 ml / 10 l of water 2 Agroyod, BP seed soaking 25 ml / 10 l of water 3 Agroyod, BP spraying seedlings in the phase of 5-6 leaves 10 ml / 10 l of water four Agroyod, BP spraying of plants during budding 10 ml / 10 l of water 5 Agroyod, BP spraying of plants during fruiting 10 ml / 10 l of water 6 Control (no processing)

Test results: are shown in tables 3 and 4.

Table 3.

The effectiveness of the drug Agroyod, BP (iodine-polymer complex with a concentration of active iodine of 100 g / l) against tomato diseases in the Volgograd region, 2016

Option / Drug Harmful objects Dates
accounting After using the drug Control (no processing) Development,% Efficiency% Development,% Agroyod, BP watering the soil Measles rot September 25th 0.33 80.30 1.65 Agroyod, BP seed soaking Fusarium August 21 0.61 57.39 1.43 Blackleg 0.60 60.33 1.51 Agroyod, BP spraying seedlings in the phase of 5-6 leaves Tobacco Mosaic Virus September 15th 0.11 77.50 0.50 Downy mildew 0.46 70.63 1,57 Agroyod, BP spraying of plants during budding Tobacco Mosaic Virus September 29th 0.06 77.27 0.30 Downy mildew 0.33 55.00 0.75 Late blight 0,07 70.59 0.23 Agroyod, BP spraying of plants during fruiting Tobacco Mosaic Virus July 23 0.20 62.79 0.54 Downy mildew 0.67 56.45 1.55 Rhizoctonia 0.40 60.49 1.01 Late blight 0.26 61.82 0.69 Agroyod, BP spraying of plants during fruiting Tobacco Mosaic Virus October 10th 0.21 57.50 0.50 Downy mildew 0.52 61.47 1.36 Rhizoctonia 0.27 61.40 0.71 Late blight 0.30 54.72 0.66

Table 4

The effect of the drug Agroyod, BP (iodine-polymer complex with an active iodine concentration of 100 g / l) on the yield of greenhouse tomatoes in the Volgograd region in 2016

Experience option Productivity t / ha % to control Agroyod BP in the spring turn 58.9 20.71 Agroyod BP in the autumn turnover 53.1 12.05 The control
(no processing) 46.7 - NDS _0.05 2.97 -

Cucumbers - Scheme of experience: presented in table 5.

Table 5

No. p.p. Option / Drug Consumption rate one Agroyod, BP watering the soil 100 ml / 10 l of water 2 Agroyod, BP seed soaking 50 ml / 10 l of water 3 Agroyod, BP spraying seedlings in the phase of 4-5 leaves 3 ml / 10 l of water four Agroyod, BP spraying of plants during fruiting on the 25-30th day of growth 3 ml / 10 l of water 5 Agroyod, BP spraying of plants during fruiting on the 45-50th day of growth 3 ml / 10 l of water 6 Control (no processing)

Test results: presented in tables 6 and 7.

Table 6

The effectiveness of the drug Agroyod, BP (iodine-polymer complex

with a concentration of active iodine of 100 g / l) against cucumber diseases

in the Volgograd region, 2016

Option / Drug Harmful objects Dates
accounting After using the drug Control (no processing) Development,% Efficiency% Development,% Agroyod, BP spraying of plants during fruiting Tobacco Mosaic Virus June 15th 0.11 72.73 0.41 Downy mildew 0.36 75,42 1.47 Rhizoctonia 0.15 57.14 0.35 Late blight 0.11 64.00 0.31 Bacterial Withering Cucumber 0.08 56.25 0.20 Agroyod, BP spraying of plants during fruiting Tobacco Mosaic Virus July 23 0.15 58.62 0.36 Downy mildew 0.41 74.01 1,59 Rhizoctonia 0.28 52.08 0.60 Late blight 0.38 51.56 0.80 Agroyod, BP watering the soil Measles rot September 25th 0.12 65.52 0.36 Agroyod, BP seed soaking Black
leg August 21 0.05 83.33 0.30 Agroyod, BP spraying seedlings in the phase of 5-6 leaves Tobacco Mosaic Virus September 15th 0,03 57.14 0.08 Downy mildew 0.21 67.31 0.65 Agroyod, BP spraying of plants during budding Tobacco Mosaic Virus September 25th 0.02 66.67 0,07 Downy mildew 0.42 73.64 1,61 Late blight 0.09 58.82 0.21 Agroyod, BP spraying of plants during fruiting Tobacco Mosaic Virus October 10th 0.02 75.00 0.10 Downy mildew 0.67 64.71 1.91 Rhizoctonia 0.18 81.48 1.01 Late blight 0.16 61.76 0.42 Fusarium 0.08 76.67 0.37

Table 7

The effect of the drug Agroyod, BP (iodine-polymer complex with a concentration of active iodine of 100 g / l) on the yield of greenhouse cucumber in the conditions of the Volgograd region in 2016

Experience option Productivity t / ha % to control Agroyod BP in the spring turn 78,2 28.26 Agroyod BP in the autumn turnover 63.9 13.90 The control
(no processing) 56.1 - NDS _0.05 6.23 -

The period of the protective action of the fungicide:

- root rot - 18-20 days,

- Fusarium - 10-15 days,

downy mildew - 7-10 days,

- late blight - 10-15 days,

- black leg - 7-10 days,

- rhizoctoniosis - 10-15 days,

- tobacco mosaic virus - 18-20 days,

- bacterial wilt of cucumber - 18-20 days;

According to the results of evaluating the action of the fungicide Agroyod BP (iodine-polymer complex with an active iodine concentration of 100 g / l) in various phases of the development of tomato and cucumber plants in the protected ground of the fourth light zone, it was found that this drug is effective against fungal and viral diseases. The biological effectiveness of the fungicide Agroyod BP for tomatoes ranges from 54.72 to 80.3%, and for cucumbers 51.56 to 83.33%.

Claims (6)

Means for protecting plants from diseases and pests "Agroyod", characterized in that it contains a water-soluble product of the interaction of iodine with an organic reagent, organic solvents, nonionic surfactant in the following proportions, wt.%: Iodine 3-25 Dimethyl sulfoxide 10-255 Propylene glycol 25-45 Nonionic surfactant 35-40, moreover, the organic reagent interacting with iodine is alkylphenyl ether of polyethylene glycol, which also acts as a nonionic surfactant, a wetting agent, and organic solvents are dimethyl sulfoxide and propylene glycol.