RU2677450C1 - Method of plastic formation of cone holes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: metallurgy.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the processing of metals by pressure and can be used in the manufacture of products with blind or through tapered bores. Blank is formed in a matrix having receiving and step parts. At the same time, the workpiece placed in the receiving part is subjected to a punch so that it is pressed below the matrix level. Then carry out the impact on the workpiece installed one into the other punches, the inner of which is tapered with a cone angle greater than the cone angle of the hole in the product. Upper end of the punch in the initial position is located above the upper end of the outer punch. At the same time, the two-way flow of the workpiece material is ensured by exposing it to an internal cone punch. Next, the workpiece at the same time affect the external and internal punches to ensure its direct extrusion into the gap between the matrix and the internal punch with the elongation of the workpiece with a tapered bore and reducing the angle of the cone of the specified hole.EFFECT: result is an expansion of the technological capabilities of the method, increased productivity and reduced material consumption.1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the processing of metals by pressure and can be used in the manufacture of products with blind or through conical holes of the collectors of microwave devices, as well as cases of cruise missiles, shells and gun barrels.

A known method of producing products such as bushings with through or blind conical holes (Patent RU 2422232, IPC: B21D 53/20), in which the conical holes are obtained by extrusion by a conical punch, where the angle of the cone and punch is equal to the angle of the cone of the product, or by reverse extrusion by a cylindrical punch with conical outer diameter. In this case, a conical hole is obtained by forcing through a calibrating girdle, a through hole is obtained by inserting a second workpiece, and the first is forced through.

The disadvantage of this method is the small length of the product, depending on the length of the punch, since the process is carried out by reverse extrusion. The length of the punch is limited by its strength, and the length of the product cannot exceed the working part of the punch. Another disadvantage of this method is that the angle of the cone of the product is equal to the angle of the cone of the tool.

The closest analogue of this invention is a method of manufacturing a workpiece with a bottom and a wall of variable size (RU 2507025, IPC: V21K 21/14, V21C 23/14), in which the conical hole in the part is obtained by conical extrusion, where the angle of the punch is equal to the angle of the product . The method includes an element for direct extrusion of the workpiece, which ensures its extension to form a gap between the inner surface of the workpiece and the outer surface of the punch. The gap allows you to separate the workpiece from the punch.

The disadvantage of this method is the small length of the product, as well as the fact that the angle of the cone of the product is equal to the angle of the cone of the tool.

The objective of the proposed invention is to obtain the angle of the conical hole in the workpiece with a tool having a large angle, for the manufacture of products with blind or through conical holes of large lengths.

The technical result of the present invention is to expand the technical capabilities of the method of creating long conical holes in the parts, increasing productivity and reducing material consumption.

The technical result is achieved by obtaining conical holes in the products with a tool having a large angle in the stepped matrix. To do this, place the initial workpiece in the receiving part, press it below the stage, change the tool. Then, shaping is carried out by punches inserted one into the other. Forming is carried out first by a conical punch to the position of its lower part at the level of the step in the matrix, with their upper ends being at the same level, and the lower end of the outer punch abuts against the workpiece. Then, the billet is directly pressed to provide elongation of the conical part of the billet until a larger diameter of the conical punch enters the hole of the stepped part of the matrix and reduces the angle of the cone of the product.

The proposed method allows to obtain a short, blunt and durable tool, not only short but also long tubular products with a shallow inner blind or through conical hole.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1, a cylindrical billet 1 is installed in the receiving part of the matrix 2 on the left and the punch 3 is pressed into the step part of the matrix on the right by a certain amount in order to obtain a predetermined bottom value or piercing through hole. Then the tool is changed. Instead of the punch 3, punches 4 and 5 inserted into one another are installed (Fig. 2). Starting position on the left: the upper end of the punch 4 is higher than the upper end of the punch 5 by the amount of pressing it into the workpiece and the value of the reverse flow of metal up.

When the inner punch 4 acts on the workpiece, two-way outflow of material occurs, and the lower part of the punch reaches the ledge of the matrix (position on the right). At this point, the upper ends of the punches 4 and 5 are installed at the same level (in the same plane), and further work on the workpiece occurs simultaneously with two punches 4 and 5. Prior to this position, the cone on the tool is equal to the cone on the workpiece. On the left, the lower part of the punch 4 is at the level of the ledge in the matrix (Fig. 3), the upper ends of the punches 4 and 5 are at the same level, and the lower end of the punch 5 abuts against the workpiece. When two punches 4 and 5 are exposed to the workpiece from this moment, the workpiece is directly squeezed out into the formed gap between the die and punch 4 and the workpiece is separated from the punch, the length of the workpiece cone increases, this happens until a larger punch diameter enters the step diameter of the matrix. The method can be carried out both in the hot and cold state of the workpiece.

Information sources

1. Patent RU 2422232, IPC: B21D 53/20;

2. RU 2507025, IPC: V21K 21/14, V21C 23/14.

Claims (1)

A method of manufacturing products with a conical hole, including forming the initial preform in the matrix, characterized in that they use a matrix having a receiving and step parts, in which shaping is carried out by exposing the initial workpiece located in the receiving part with a punch to ensure it is pressed below the matrix stage and subsequent impact installed in one another by punches, the inner of which is made conical with a cone angle exceeding the cone angle of the hole in the product, and its ver the end face in the initial position is located above the upper end face of the outer punch, while first providing two-way flow of the workpiece material by acting on it with an internal conical punch until its lower part is at the level of the matrix stage, the upper ends of the outer and inner punches are at the same level, and the lower end outer punch with emphasis on the workpiece, after which the workpiece is simultaneously exposed to the external and internal punches to ensure its direct extrusion into the gap between the die and an internal punch with an extension of a part of the workpiece with a conical hole and a decrease in the cone angle of the specified hole.

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