RU2670928C1 - Mobile solar diffuser - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for distilling marine, contaminated or mineralized waters by using only solar energy. In the case of the desalination plant several pairs of metal sheets are successively set up with the formation of condensation zones, a hygroscopic material is placed between the sheets in each pair, the lower ends of which, through the hermetic openings in the bottom of the housing, are withdrawn into a container with desalinated water, the metal sheets of odd evaporating pairs are pierced with holes, their upper ends are led out through the housing cover to the outside, the lower ends of the metal sheets of even condensation steam through the bottom of the housing are withdrawn into a container with desalinated water and the upper ends of these pairs of sheets from inside the housing are connected to its cover in which holes for evaporation of water are made for them, the condensate collecting pipe branch is laid along the bottom of the housing and there are holes in the condensation zones of the vapor between the pairs of metal sheets. In addition, a transparent hood with a fog-netting located along its edges is installed on the hull to drain additional condensate created by even condensation pairs of sheets with hygroscopic material. For orientation to the sun, the upper ends of the metal sheets of the odd evaporating pairs are blackened and equipped with swivel hinges.EFFECT: invention provides an increase in the capacity of the solar diffuser.3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for the distillation of sea, polluted or saline water by using only solar energy.

The proposed solar desalination plant refers to floating desalination plants or placed on supports in desalinated water and can be used both in indoor pools and on open water surface.

The famous solar watermaker [1] according to the author's certificate of the USSR No. 1611873, contains a humidification chamber with a frame, on which a translucent fiberglass fabric is stretched, forming also the bottom. The condensate collector is immersed in water, connected to a humidification chamber and a number of pipes, the upper ends of which are provided with caps.

Vertical pipes are also installed in the condensate collector, fixed on the top cover and on its bottom and having openings for the entry and exit of sea water. For pumping condensate is used an additional pipe with a pump. There is also a drive mechanism for rotating the desalination plant.

The disadvantages of this desalination plant are its small surface for evaporation, structural complexity, high metal consumption and the need to have additional sources of energy for the operation of the pump and rotation of the installation.

Known solar watermaker [2] according to the author's certificate of the USSR No. 1650598, containing a floating body, an optically transparent cover, the upper and lower cavities of the body, separated by a membrane with a valve installed in the upper cavity of the body, as well as a metering nozzle.

This desalination plant does not require external energy sources. The stated purpose of this desalination plant is to reduce its size and weight.

The disadvantage of this desalination plant is its low productivity, due to the small surface of evaporation and the need to warm up each portion of water on the membrane to the stage of creating a certain vapor pressure. Only after this the vapor pressure will depress (bend) the membrane and the vapor through the valve will enter the lower cavity for condensation. In addition, the number of bends of the membrane is structurally limited.

Also known solar desalination plant [3] according to the author's certificate of the USSR No. 1370387, comprising a housing filled with water, a translucent coating, a collection of distillate and float elements made of blackened porous material in the form of cylinders, the ends of which move in the slots of the side walls of the housing.

This desalination plant does not apply to floating mobile devices. Its effectiveness is not confirmed by the advantages of the presence of blackened material on the surface of water closed by it in comparison with the commonly used variant of blackening of the bottom, when the sun's rays pass through the water column to the bottom, heating it, while part of the heat reflected from the bottom is also captured by water. In addition, in this desalination plant there is a small area for the evaporation of water.

Known "Device for producing distilled water" G.R. Returned [4], selected as a prototype. The device comprises a housing, a translucent coating located above the metal bottom, a fabric made of a hygroscopic material, which is wetted in salt water, which is located in the tank, where the strip of fabric is lowered and the tank for condensate collection.

When distilled water is obtained, one end of the fabric is dipped into salt water, the fabric absorbs it, and the layer of fabric adjacent to the surface of the metal bottom is heated by the sun's rays, thereby evaporating the water and condensing the vapor on the inner surface of the pan, through which condensate flows into the container.

To accelerate condensation, the outer surface of the pallet is also moistened with a strip of cloth dipped in salt water.

The disadvantage of this device is the need for its constant maintenance by pouring the next portions of water into the salt water tank, located at the top of the case, and selecting distilled water, as well as residues of salt water in three tanks located at the bottom of the case.

In addition, the device has a small evaporative surface, determined by the area of one evaporative metal bottom, in contact with which is placed hygroscopic tissue and, therefore, small amounts of condensate obtained.

The objective of the proposed invention is the elimination of the above disadvantages and the creation of solar helium with a higher performance.

The technical result of the invention is as follows:

- increased productivity of the solar plant by increasing the evaporative surface by installing several evaporating pairs of metal sheets with holes in the body, with a fabric of hygroscopic material placed between them, the ends of the fabric are lowered into the salt water through the bottom of the body, and the upper ends of the sheets are brought out ;

- the productivity of the solar desalter is increased due to the placement of several condensation pairs of metal sheets with hygroscopic material placed between them, the ends of the sheets and the ends of the tissue of the hygroscopic material are lowered into the desalinated water through the bottom of the housing; holes are made evaporating from fabric;

- the productivity of the solar solar panel has been increased due to the placement of a transparent cap above the case with a fogging grid [16] placed at its edges to drain additional condensate created by condensation vapors of metal sheets;

- the productivity of the solar gel was increased due to blackening and equipping the upper outer ends of the metal sheets of evaporating pairs with hinges for orientation to the sun.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that in a device for distillation, comprising a housing, metal sheets coated with hygroscopic materials, the ends of which are lowered into a container with desalinated water, are additionally introduced several successively installed pairs of metal sheets forming a condensation zone between them in each pair is placed hygroscopic material, the lower ends of which are brought through a sealed hole in the bottom of the case into a container with desalinated water, onto a metal sheet holes of odd order of evaporating pairs are applied, their upper ends are brought out through the housing cover to the outside, the lower ends of metal sheets of even condensation pairs are brought into the container with desalination water through the bottom of the housing, and the upper ends of these pairs of sheets are attached to the inside of the case holes evaporating water, with a condensate collection pipe running along the bottom of the housing and holes in the condensation zones between the pairs of metal sheets.

The technical result is also achieved due to the fact that a transparent cap is installed on the desalination unit housing with a fogging grid [16] placed at the edges to remove additional condensate created by even condensation pairs of sheets with hygroscopic material, and the outer outer ends of metal sheets of odd evaporating pairs are blackened and equipped with swivel hinges for orientation towards the sun.

The sectional drawing shows the proposed “Mobile helium desalinator”.

Helicopter contains pairs of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 metal sheets with hygroscopic material, sequentially installed in the housing 7, with odd evaporating pairs of sheets 1, 3, 5 placed between the top cover 8 and the bottom 9 of the case, the sheets have holes 10 for steam to escape, their hygroscopic material goes through the holes 11 to the outside of the bottom, and the upper outer ends of the sheets have blackening and pivotal hinges 12 for orientation them to the sun S. The metal sheets of even condensation pairs 2, 4, 6 are made solid (without holes), their lower The ends 13 together with the hygroscopic material are brought out through the bottom of the case to the outside, and in the upper case cover above the even pairs there are holes 14 to exit from them an additional pair of reporting pairs of sheets. To capture this additional steam on the case, a transparent cap 15 is installed with a fogging screen 16, the ends of which are passed through holes 17 in its upper cover. The distillate is removed to the tank to collect it (not shown in the drawing) laid on the bottom of the housing by a pipe 18 having openings in the areas of condensation between adjacent pairs of metal sheets. The bottom is made of heat insulating material or heat insulating material (not shown in the drawing) is placed on it to reduce the cooling of odd evaporating sheet pairs from contact with the bottom.

Hygroscopic material 19, installed between metal sheets, is selected according to its capillary properties for specific desalinated water (sea, mineralized technical or polluted).

Helicopter in a pond is placed on supports 20, or on floats (not shown in the drawing) with a significant depth of the reservoir.

"Mobile helium" works as follows.

Helicopter is installed in the pond with desalinated water so that the ends of the hygroscopic material 19 of all pairs of metal sheets are always immersed in the desalinated water, because along them due to the capillary effect the moisture will rise and spread between the metal sheets. Metal sheets of odd evaporating pairs 1, 3, 5 are heated by solar energy from their upper outer ends having blackening and hinges 12 for turning them to the sun, creating conditions for the evaporation of moisture from their hygroscopic material.

Metal sheets of even condensation pairs 2, 4, 6 are cooled due to the fact that their lower ends are lowered through the bottom of the housing into the desalinated water. The vapor coming out of the holes 10 of odd pairs of sheets condenses on the cold surfaces of metal sheets of even pairs, the distillate flows down the body, fills the nozzle 18 through the holes and is removed outside into the tank to collect it (shown in the drawing). In order to provide greater cooling of the metal sheets of even pairs due to the constant movement of moisture along their hygroscopic material, in the upper case cover 8 there are holes 14 for the release of additional evaporations from even pairs of sheets.

To catch this additional steam, a transparent cap 15 is installed with a fogging net 16. The vapor condensate flows along the inner wall of the cap, is caught by the net 16 and is guided through the openings 17 in the lid to the inside of the case.

In addition, the cap 15 isolates from the cooling by wind the upper ends 12 of the evaporating pairs 1, 3, 5 metal sheets, creating a higher temperature inside the cap.

In the mobile version for individual use, the number of pairs of metal sheets with hygroscopic material can be limited to two or three pairs, the cap 15 is missing, and the outer ends of 12 sheets of odd pairs 1, 3, 5 can be placed on the top cover 8 of the housing 7 by means of hinges. To meet the needs of desalinated water, for example, a settlement, such a desalination plant with a higher capacity may contain an unlimited number of such pairs of metal sheets that are placed in a housing corresponding to Leica Geosystems sizes.

The proposed "Mobile helium desalinator" is simple in design, mobile for transportation, easy to maintain and has high performance, which allows us to hope for its quick practical use.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1-Dolinsky O.Ya., Leshchenko G.A., Troyanovich L.V. Solar watermaker. USSR Author's Certificate No. 1611873. IPC C02F 1/14 (equivalent).

2. Elamanov A.I. Solar watermaker. USSR author's certificate №1650598. IPC C02F 1/14 (equivalent).

3. Dikiy N.A., Beloyvan A.I., Soldatkin I.V. Solar watermaker. USSR author's certificate №1370387. IPC F24J 2/32 (equivalent).

4. Bartuli G.R. A device for producing distilled water. USSR author's certificate №947063. IPC C02F 1/14, F24J 2/32 (prototype).

5. Knyazev B.M., Borodichev V.V. and others. Pond-evaporator mineralized drainage flow. The patent of the Russian Federation №2527041. IPC Е02В 11/00 (analog).

6. Kholmatov T.Kh. Mobile solar plant for desalination (options). The patent of the Russian Federation №2401803. IPC C02F 1/14 (equivalent).

7. Slesarenko V.N., Panasenko A.A. The method of desalination of sea water and device for its implementation. The patent of the Russian Federation №2453352. IPC B01D 1/22 (equivalent).

8. Chuguevets T.P. Solar watermaker. USSR author's certificate №1322035. IPC F24J 2/32 (equivalent).

9. US Patent No. 3870605 A, 03/11/1975

10. Japanese Patent No. 60220182 A, 02.11.1985

11. U.S. Patent No. 4,967,717 A, 1977.

12. US Patent No. 4363703 A, 12/14/1982

13. US Patent No. 41,35985 A, 1979

14. Patent of Great Britain No. 313817 A, 06/20/1929

15. Japanese Patent No. 10080688 A, 03/31/1998.

16. Fog mist eliminators. Types and basic parameters. GOST R 50821-95.

Claims (3)

1. Mobile solar plant, comprising a housing, metal sheets coated with hygroscopic materials, the ends of which are lowered into a container with desalinated water and a condensate collection tank, characterized in that several pairs of metal sheets are consistently installed in its housing with formation of condensation zones between the sheets in each pair, a hygroscopic material is placed, the lower ends of which are brought through a sealed hole in the bottom of the body into a container with desalinated water, on the metal sheets of odd evaporating their pairs have holes, their upper ends are brought out through the cover of the housing to the outside, the lower ends of the metal sheets of condensation pairs are brought through the bottom of the housing into a container with desalinated water, and the upper ends of these pairs of sheets are attached to the cover from the inside of the cover, evaporating water, with the pipe of the condensate collection tank running along the bottom of the case and holes in the condensation zones of steam between pairs of metal sheets are placed on it. 2. Mobile solar solar panel under item 1, characterized in that the body is equipped with a transparent cap with a fogging net placed at its edges for draining additional condensate created by even condensation pairs of sheets with a hygroscopic material. 3. Mobile helium desalinator according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper outer ends of the metal sheets of odd evaporating pairs are blackened and equipped with pivoting hinges for their orientation to the sun.