JPH11207318A - Salt water distillation green house - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To desalt salt water by efficiently evaporating the salt water in water basins in a green house by utilizing the solar heat which is a natural energy and efficiently condensing the vapor current. SOLUTION: A green house wall 3 on the side opposite to the sunshine 1 incident wall 2 in the salt water distillation green house is provided with an inner air current sepn. plate 6 on the interior side along the outside wall 5 and an outer air current sepn. plate 7 on the exterior side. A water retaining member 8, such as nonwoven fabric or woven fabric, is mounted on the outside surface of the outside wall 5 covered by the outer air current sepn. plate 7 and cooling water, such as sea water, is passed from piping 9 thereto to accelerate the evaporation. The water plates 4 in the green house are segmented to plural water tanks by barriers 19 so that the salt water of the high salt concn. of the lower layers flows from the apertures in the lower parts of the barriers 19 to the ensuing blocks. While the air currents contg. the steam evaporated from the water tanks 4 descend in the spacings between the outside wall 5 and the inner air current sepn. plate 6, the air currents are cooled and condensed from outside the outside wall and form water drops. A fresh water forming capacity >=10 times greater than heretofore is obtd. by such constitution.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a salt water distillation greenhouse, and more particularly to a salt water distillation greenhouse suitable for collecting fresh water, which is lacking in deserts and islands, from the salt water using natural energy.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Desalination of seawater and saline groundwater is the most important technology in deserts, but nowadays, large facilities such as oil-fired and reverse osmosis In general, a method of performing desalination using natural energy is used.

[0003] As a small-scale, self-contained facility utilizing solar heat, which is natural energy, a basin containing salt water is placed in a greenhouse, and vaporized water vapor is cooled to outside air by a greenhouse wall and condensed. There is a collecting basin evaporation method, but the efficiency is low, for example, when the opening area of the basin is 400 m ² ,
It is taken only 1m ³ about of water a day.

[0004]

In the basin evaporation method using solar heat, the vaporized vapor from the basin containing salt water leaves the greenhouse wall without being cooled sufficiently, so that the condensation efficiency is extremely poor. On the other hand, in the basin, there is a problem that salt water having a high salt concentration at a high temperature having a good evaporation efficiency is covered with salt water having a low salt concentration at a low temperature having a low evaporation efficiency, and cannot be evaporated.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems. Salt water that can efficiently evaporate salt water and efficiently condense and desalinate using solar heat, which is natural energy, is provided. It is to provide a distillation greenhouse.

[0006]

In order to achieve the above object, the saltwater distillation greenhouse of the present invention employs the following means. In a saltwater distillation greenhouse for collecting fresh water from steam of saltwater evaporated in a greenhouse, an inner plate is provided along the indoor side of the outer wall of the greenhouse with a space between the outer wall and the outer wall. The method is characterized in that a body is attached, a flow of evaporative air in a room passing through the space is cooled, and fresh water is collected. With such a configuration, the evaporative airflow in the greenhouse is cooled by the outer wall within the space between the inner plate and the outer wall, and the cooled airflow is prevented from being dissipated by the inner plate. , Cooling and condensation are promoted,
Water droplets are generated and desalination is performed. The invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that the airflow outlet that flows into the room through the space between the inner plate and the outer wall is provided with a flow rate adjusting means for the airflow, whereby the inner plate and the Since the speed of the evaporative airflow passing through the space between the outer wall and the outer wall can be arbitrarily set, the cooling / condensing action can be reliably performed. According to the third aspect of the present invention, an outer plate is attached along the outdoor side of the outer wall with an interval provided between the outer plate and the outer wall, and the outside air warmed by heat exchange inside and outside the outer wall is lightened by the outer plate. As a result, the heat exchange between the room and the outside at the outer wall can be further promoted. According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, a watering means for watering cooling water is provided on an outer surface of the outer wall, so that the outer wall can be cooled effectively by the cooling water. The invention according to claim 5 is characterized in that a water retention member such as a nonwoven fabric or a cotton cloth soaked with cooling water is attached to the outer surface of the outer wall, thereby facilitating evaporation of the cooling water and promoting cooling of the outer wall. Is done. A basin installed in the greenhouse, wherein a plurality of water tanks are connected by a water passage, wherein the water passage is provided at a lower portion of the water tank, and the lower surface of the water tank allows salt water to flow therethrough. It is characterized by being. With such a configuration, every time the water is transferred to the next water tank, the stored high-salt-concentration hot water in the lower layer successively moves to the surface and evaporates the water. In the invention according to claim 7, the water basin is divided into a plurality of water tanks by a partition having an opening at a lower portion, and the plurality of water tanks are integrally formed. It can be manufactured with a structure. In a greenhouse wall panel constituting a saltwater distillation greenhouse for collecting fresh water from steam of saltwater evaporated in a greenhouse, the wall plate body for dividing the inside and outside of the greenhouse, and the wall plate An inner plate provided at a predetermined interval along the indoor surface side of the body and an outer plate provided at a predetermined interval along the outdoor surface side of the wall plate are integrally formed in advance. It is characterized by having. With such a configuration, a greenhouse wall panel having an airflow separation structure in which the evaporative airflow between the inner plate and the outer plate is cooled by ascending outside air is formed. Greenhouse can be easily assembled. According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, a pipe for spraying cooling water is provided on an outer surface of the wall plate, and the wall plate can be efficiently cooled by spraying the cooling water. Further, the invention according to claim 10 is characterized in that a water retention member such as a nonwoven fabric or a cotton cloth is attached to the outer surface of the wall plate body, and the water retention member is impregnated with cooling water to facilitate the evaporation action. . The invention according to claim 11 is
It is composed of a plurality of water tanks through which salt water flows, and in a basin for evaporating moisture by solar heat from the salt water in the water tank, the lower layer of the water tank has a water inlet for sequentially moving the salt water between the water tanks. Then, a hot water having a high salt concentration in the lower layer moves to the surface one after another to obtain a basin capable of evaporating water.
According to the twelfth aspect of the present invention, the plurality of water tanks are integrally formed by partition walls, and the lower part of the partition walls is provided with an opening through which the lower layer of salt water passes, so that the plurality of tanks perform effective evaporation of salt water. Can be manufactured with a simple structure.

[0007]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a salt water distillation greenhouse of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a detailed cross-sectional view showing details of a portion A in FIG. 1 and showing an airflow separation structure employed in the present embodiment.

As shown in these figures, the salt water distillation greenhouse in the present embodiment employs an airflow separation structure according to the present invention on a greenhouse wall 3 opposite to an incident wall 2 on which sunlight 1 enters. In addition, a basin 4 according to the present invention is disposed in the greenhouse to store salt water evaporated by solar heat.

In the airflow separation structure of the greenhouse wall 3 in the present embodiment, an inner airflow separation plate 6 is provided on the indoor side along the outer wall 5, and an inner space 2 between the inner airflow separation plate 6 and the outer wall 5 is provided.
The inside of the tube 6 is liquefied by the cooling and condensing action while the salt water evaporating air flow descends to generate fresh water. Further, in order to perform an effective condensation action, an opening for adjusting the flow rate of the airflow is provided at a lower outlet where the airflow in the inner space 26 is returned to the greenhouse so that the descending speed of the saltwater evaporation airflow can be adjusted. A flow control means 28 including a throttle mechanism or a control valve is provided.

Further, an outer airflow separating plate 7 is provided on the outdoor side along the outer wall 5, and a water retaining member 8 such as a nonwoven fabric or a cotton cloth is provided on the outer surface of the outer wall 5 covered with the outer airflow separating plate 7. A cooling water such as salt water is sprinkled from the pipe 9 to the water retaining member 8 so as to be impregnated. By evaporating the cooling water, the outer wall is cooled, the cooling of the evaporative airflow in the inner space 26 is promoted, and an effective condensation action is performed.

On the other hand, the outside air that has been warmed by exchanging heat with the room through the outer wall 5 is
By elevating the inside of the outer space 27, the evaporation of the cooling water is promoted, and the heat exchange with the indoor side is effectively performed. Below the greenhouse wall 3, on the indoor floor, a freshwater collecting channel 10 for collecting water droplets generated in the inner space 26.
Is provided, and a drainage channel 11 for cooling water sprinkled at the outside interval 27 is provided on the outdoor floor.

As shown in FIG. 2, the airflow separation structure of the greenhouse wall 3 is provided with gaps 13 and 14 between the rafter 12 and the outer wall 5 provided with a packing 16 therebetween. The inner and outer airflow separation plates 6 and 7 are fixed by using an acrylic plate fixing auxiliary material 15 or the like.

In this embodiment, an acrylic plate is used for the outer wall 5 and the inner and outer airflow separation plates 6, 7, but the present invention is not limited to this, and a glass plate, a plastic plate, or the like may be used. In short, a material that is easy to handle, hardly cracked in strength, and excellent in weather resistance is preferable. In particular, the outer wall 5 preferably has excellent heat permeability. In addition, the interval 2 between the inside and outside of the outer wall
6, 27 need not be the same distance inside and outside,
In this embodiment, the structure is simplified at the same intervals in the upper and lower portions, for example, but desalination can be performed even if the intervals are not necessarily the same. In addition, the sunlight incidence wall 2 of the greenhouse has an acrylic plate 17 placed on a rafter 12 via a packing 16 and fixed with screws 18. A known structure may be used as long as the structure allows solar heat to sufficiently enter the greenhouse.

Next, a basin 4 for evaporating salt water will be described with reference to FIG. 1 and FIGS. FIG. 3 is a plan view showing an embodiment of the basin 4 according to the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a detailed view of a portion B in FIG. As shown in these figures, the basin 4 installed on the floor in the greenhouse,
The plurality of partition walls 19 are partitioned into a plurality of elongated water tanks having a large aspect ratio (9 tanks in the figure), and an opening 20 through which high-concentration salt water moves to the next partition is provided below each partition wall 19. The two openings in one tank are arranged so as to be farthest from each other. In the present embodiment, the water basin 4 is constructed by laying a waterproof sheet 22 on the bottom plate 21 and
, And subjected to a water leakage prevention treatment by the caulking 23, and has a simple structure that is easy to manufacture.

The operation of the saltwater distillation greenhouse of the present invention will be described below. (1) Function of the Inner Airflow Separation Plate 6 In the winter, when water droplets adhere to the glass window of the room being heated, if a curtain is drawn on the glass window, a large amount of water droplets adhere under the curtain. Exposed glass, without curtains, is often cloudy enough to run down. This is because while the air is sufficiently cooled between the drawn curtain and the window glass, the exposed glass, where the curtain is not drawn, is cooled by the outside air through the window glass. This is because the air moves quickly and the condensation does not proceed. Based on such knowledge, the present inventors arranged the inner airflow separation plates 6 on the indoor side of the outer wall 5 at appropriate intervals. By doing so, the airflow containing the heated water vapor in the greenhouse flows from above the greenhouse wall 3 to the inner side between the inner airflow separation plate 6 and the outer wall 5 as shown by an arrow 24 in FIGS. The cooling is performed while descending the space 26, and the gas phase and the liquid phase are separated by the condensing action of the cooling. The liquid phase is dropped into the water collecting passage 10 for fresh water as a water droplet, and the gas phase becomes a dry air flow as it is. Then, the water is refluxed from the lower outlet into the greenhouse, and the evaporation of the salt water in the basin 4 is promoted. By providing a flow control means at the air outlet, the inner space 2
The rate of descent of the evaporative air flow in 6 can be set arbitrarily, and an effective condensation action can be performed.

(2) Action of Outside Airflow Separation Plate 7 Heat exchange between the inside and outside of the greenhouse through the outside wall 5 heats the outside air, and the weight of water vapor evaporating on the outside wall 5 is reduced by half of the air. Because of the following (specific gravity about air: about 0.45), the air on the outer surface side of the outer wall 5 becomes lighter.
This air is separated by the outer airflow separation plate 7 into the outer space 27.
As a result of being trapped inside, as shown by the arrow 25 in FIGS. 1 and 2, a strong updraft is generated, and the air sucked in from below the outer airflow separation plate 7 blows over the outer surface of the outer wall 5 to promote evaporation. I do.

(3) Water spraying action on the water retaining material 8 For example, a transparent plastic bag is washed, water is roughly removed, the bag is inflated, the mouth of the plastic bag is closed, and if left for a while,
Water droplets adhere to places inside the bag and become cloudy. If this is observed carefully, it can be seen that the drop adheres to the place where water remains on the outside of the bag. This is because as the water outside the bag evaporates, the cooling action causes the water vapor inside the bag to condense inside. The same phenomenon is caused on a large scale by the water retention material 8 of the present invention and water sprinkling thereon. The present inventors have proposed a water retention member such as a nonwoven fabric or a cotton cloth on the outside of the outer wall 5 which is likely to contain water. No. 8 was affixed, and salt water was allowed to flow over the paste to make it wet. In this way, the outer wall 5 is cooled by the evaporation of the outer salt water, and the inside of the outer wall 5 is also cooled correspondingly, and the condensation of the evaporated airflow in the greenhouse is promoted, so that a large amount of fresh water is obtained. be able to. Here, the cooling salt water sprinkled on the outdoor surface side of the outer wall 5 is drained from the drain passage 11 such that the salt water flows to such an extent that salt crystals cannot be formed. It is also possible to collect salt from the drained salt water.

(4) Function of the basin partition wall 19 When the salt water is heated by solar heat, heavy water having a high salt concentration due to evaporation stays under a light water layer having a small salt content, and this dissipates heat derived from sunlight. Will be stored. At this time, what is called a "heat pond phenomenon" occurs in which convection does not occur between the upper layer portion and the lower layer portion. It is an intense phenomenon that extends to power generation by collecting heat using this phenomenon.
In order to couple solar energy to evaporation, this phenomenon must be prevented from occurring. Therefore, the present inventors have divided the basin 4 into a plurality of elongated waterways, provided an opening 20 into or out of which the lower salt water flows in each section, so that the inlet and outlet are farthest from each other. It installed so that the opening part 20 of the lower part of the partition 19 may be alternately diagonally changed. In this way, the heat-stored lower-layer water with a high salt concentration flows into the adjacent section through the opening 20 to form the upper layer. In this way, the supplied salt water passes through the elongated water tank while evaporating, so that the lower layer salt water passes through the openings one after another, so that high salt concentration hot water comes out one after another and the water evaporates. Will be.

As a result, not only is the evaporation promoted, but also the heat energy of the salt water having a high salt concentration can be effectively used for the evaporation. According to the present embodiment, it was possible to collect approximately 10 m ³ of fresh water a day when the opening area of the basin was 400 m ² as compared with the conventional basin evaporation method. Therefore, a desalination ability 10 times or more as compared with the conventional art can be obtained, and further, effects such as obtaining natural salt can be obtained.

[0020]

As described above, according to the present invention, remarkable effects described later are obtained by appropriately employing the following means. An airflow containing water vapor in the greenhouse is liquefied by condensation while descending the distance between the inner airflow separation plate and the outer wall, and drops as water droplets. The outside air warmed by the heat exchange between the inside and outside of the greenhouse becomes light, becomes an ascending airflow from below the outer airflow separation plate, and blows over the outer surface of the outer wall to promote evaporation and promote cooling of the indoor side. The water retaining member attached to the outside of the outer wall is moistened with cooling water and evaporated to cool the outer wall, and accordingly, the inside of the outer wall is also cooled to promote condensation. Since the basin is divided into a plurality of sections by partitions with openings at the bottom, hot water with a high salt concentration in the lower layer flows into adjacent sections one after another through these openings, exits to the surface, and evaporates moisture. become.

By using these means alone or by combining them appropriately, as a self-contained facility utilizing solar heat, which is natural energy, efficient evaporation of salt water and efficient condensation and desalination Can be. Therefore, it is possible to provide a saltwater distillation greenhouse suitable for collecting a large amount of fresh water, especially in a dry area such as an isolated island or a desert where it is difficult to collect freshwater.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of a salt water distillation greenhouse of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a detailed sectional view of a portion A in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a plan view showing an embodiment of a basin according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a detailed view of a portion B in FIG. 3;

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Sunlight 2 Sunlight incidence wall 3 Greenhouse wall 4 Basin 5 Outer wall 6 Inner airflow separation plate 7 Outer airflow separation plate 8 Water retention member 9 Cooling water pipe 10 Fresh water channel 11 Cooling water drainage 12 Rafter 13 Inner gap adjusting material 14 Outside Gap adjusting material 15 Acrylic plate stopper auxiliary material 16 Packing 17 Acrylic plate 18 Screw 19 Partition wall 20 Opening 21 Bottom plate 22 Waterproof sheet 23 Caulking 24 Indoor air flow direction 25 Outdoor air flow direction 26 Inner interval 27 Outer interval 28 Flow rate adjusting means

Claims (12)

[Claims] 1. From the steam of salt water evaporated in a greenhouse,
In a saltwater distillation greenhouse for collecting fresh water, along the indoor side of the outer wall of the greenhouse, an inner plate is attached with an interval provided between the outer wall, and the evaporative airflow in the room passing through the interval is cooled, A saltwater distillation greenhouse for collecting fresh water. 2. The saltwater distillation greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein a means for adjusting the flow rate of the airflow is provided at an airflow outlet that flows into the room through a space between the inner plate and the outer wall. Features a saltwater distillation greenhouse. 3. The saltwater distillation greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein an outer plate is attached along an outdoor side of the outer wall with an interval provided between the outer plate and the outer wall. A brine distillation greenhouse characterized by promoting indoor and outdoor heat exchange on the outer wall by an ascending airflow passing through the interval. 4. The saltwater distillation greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein a watering means for spraying cooling water is provided on an outer surface of the outer wall. 5. The saltwater distillation greenhouse according to claim 4, wherein a water retention member such as a nonwoven fabric or a cotton cloth soaked with cooling water is attached to an outer surface of the outer wall. 6. The salt water distillation greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein the water basin is installed in the greenhouse, and a plurality of water tanks are connected by a water passage, wherein the water passage is provided at a lower portion of the water tank. A saltwater distillation greenhouse through which the lower layer of saltwater is passed. 7. The saltwater distillation greenhouse according to claim 6, wherein the basin is divided into a plurality of water tanks by a partition having an opening at a lower portion, and the plurality of water tanks are integrally formed. Features a saltwater distillation greenhouse. 8. A method for producing steam from salt water vapor evaporated in a greenhouse.
In a greenhouse wall panel that constitutes a saltwater distillation greenhouse for collecting fresh water, a wall plate that divides the inside and outside of the greenhouse, and an inner plate that is provided at a predetermined interval along the indoor surface side of the wall plate, A greenhouse wall panel, wherein an outer plate provided at a predetermined interval along the outdoor surface side of the wall plate is integrally formed in advance. 9. The greenhouse wall panel according to claim 8, further comprising a pipe for spraying cooling water on an outer surface of the wall plate. 10. The greenhouse wall panel according to claim 9, wherein a water retention member such as a nonwoven fabric or a cotton cloth is attached to an outer surface of the wall plate. 11. A plurality of water tanks for passing salt water,
A water basin for evaporating water from salt water in the water tank by solar heat, the water basin having a water inlet for sequentially moving salt water in a lower layer of the water tank between the water tanks. 12. The basin according to claim 11, wherein the plurality of water tanks are integrally formed by a partition, and an opening through which the lower-layer salt water passes is provided below the partition. Basin to do.