RU2670928C9 - Mobile solar diffuser - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for distilling marine, contaminated or mineralized waters by using only solar energy. In the case of the desalination plant several pairs of metal sheets are successively set up with the formation of condensation zones, a hygroscopic material is placed between the sheets in each pair, the lower ends of which, through the hermetic openings in the bottom of the housing, are withdrawn into a container with desalinated water, the metal sheets of odd evaporating pairs are pierced with holes, their upper ends are led out through the housing cover to the outside, the lower ends of the metal sheets of even condensation steam through the bottom of the housing are withdrawn into a container with desalinated water and the upper ends of these pairs of sheets from inside the housing are connected to its cover in which holes for evaporation of water are made for them, the condensate collecting pipe branch is laid along the bottom of the housing and there are holes in the condensation zones of the vapor between the pairs of metal sheets. In addition, a transparent hood with a fog-netting located along its edges is installed on the hull to drain additional condensate created by even condensation pairs of sheets with hygroscopic material. For orientation to the sun, the upper ends of the metal sheets of the odd evaporating pairs are blackened and equipped with swivel hinges.EFFECT: invention provides an increase in the capacity of the solar diffuser.3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for the distillation of marine, polluted or mineralized waters through the use of only solar energy.

The proposed desalination plant refers to floating desalination plants or placed on supports in desalinated water and can be used both in indoor pools and on an open water surface.

Known solar desalination plant [1] according to USSR author's certificate No. 1611873, containing a humidification chamber with a frame, on which a translucent coating of fiberglass is stretched, which also forms the bottom. The condensate collector is immersed in water, connected to a humidification chamber and a series of pipes, the upper ends of which are equipped with caps.

The condensate collector also has vertical pipes mounted on the top cover and on its bottom and having openings for the entry and exit of sea water. For pumping out condensate an additional pipe with a pump is used. There is also a drive mechanism for rotating the desalination plant.

The disadvantages of this desalination plant are its small surface for evaporation, structural complexity, high metal consumption and the need to have additional energy sources for pump operation and rotation of the installation.

Known solar desalination plant [2] according to USSR author's certificate No. 1650598, containing a floating body, an optically transparent cover, upper and lower body cavities, separated by a membrane with a valve installed in the upper body cavity, as well as a metering nozzle.

This desalination plant does not require external energy sources. The stated purpose of this desalination plant is to reduce its size and weight.

The disadvantage of this desalination plant is its low productivity, due to the small evaporation surface and the need to heat every portion of the water on the membrane to the stage of creating a certain vapor pressure. Only after that the vapor pressure will squeeze out (bend) the membrane and the vapor will enter the lower cavity through the valve for condensation. In addition, the number of bends of the membrane is structurally limited.

Also known is a solar desalination plant [3] according to USSR author's certificate No. 1370387, comprising a body filled with water, a translucent coating, a distillate collector, and float elements made of blackened porous material in the form of cylinders, the ends of which move in the grooves of the side walls of the body.

This desalination plant does not apply to floating mobile devices. Its effectiveness is not confirmed by the advantages of the presence of blackened material on the surface of the water closed by it in comparison with the commonly used option of blackening the bottom, when the sun's rays pass through the water column to the bottom, heating it, while part of the thermal energy reflected from the bottom is also trapped by water. In addition, this desalination plant has a small surface area for water evaporation.

It is known "Device for producing distilled water" G.R. Returned [4], selected as a prototype. The device comprises a housing, a translucent coating located above the metal bottom, a fabric made of absorbent material, which is wetted in salt water in a container, where a strip of fabric is lowered, and - a container for collecting condensate.

Upon receipt of distilled water, one end of the fabric is immersed in salt water, the fabric absorbs it, and the fabric layer adjacent to the surface of the metal bottom is heated by the sun's rays, while water evaporates and condensates on the inner surface of the pan, through which condensate flows into the tank.

To accelerate condensation, the outer surface of the pallet is also wetted by a strip of fabric dipped in salt water.

The disadvantage of this device is the need for its constant maintenance by pouring the next portions of water into the salt water tank located at the top of the body, and taking distilled water, as well as the remains of salt water in three containers located at the bottom of the body.

In addition, the device has a small evaporative surface, determined by the area of one evaporative metal bottom, in contact with which is absorbed tissue and, therefore, insignificant volumes of condensate obtained.

The objective of the proposed invention is to remedy the above disadvantages and create a desalination plant with higher performance.

The technical result of the invention is as follows:

- increased productivity of the desalination device by increasing the evaporation surface by installing several evaporating pairs of metal sheets with holes in the housing, with fabric made of hygroscopic material placed between them, the ends of the fabric lowered through the bottom of the housing into salt water, and the upper ends of the sheets brought out through the housing cover to the outside ;

- increased productivity of the desalination device due to the placement of several condensation pairs of metal sheets with absorbent material placed between them, with the ends of the sheets and the ends of the fabric of absorbent material lowered through the bottom of the case into desalinated water, the upper ends of the sheets inside the case attached to its cover, in which holes are made that vaporize the fabric;

- increased productivity of the desalination device due to the placement of a transparent cap over the casing with a fog catcher placed at its edges [16] to drain additional condensate created by condensation pairs of metal sheets;

- increased productivity of the desalination device due to blackening and equipping the upper outer ends of the metal sheets of the evaporating pairs with hinges to orient them to the sun.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that in a device for distillation containing a housing, metal sheets coated with hygroscopic materials, the ends of which are lowered into a container with desalinated water, several series-installed pairs of metal sheets are formed, forming condensation zones between them, between the sheets each pair contains hygroscopic material, the lower ends of which are led through sealed openings in the bottom of the case into a container with desalinated water, on a metal sheet holes are odd in order of vaporization, their upper ends are led out through the housing cover, the lower ends of the metal sheets of even condensation pairs are led through the bottom of the body into a container with desalinated water, and the upper ends of these pairs of sheets from the inside of the body are attached to its cover, in which holes evaporating water, and a condensate collection pipe is laid along the bottom of the housing and holes are made in it in the condensation zones between pairs of metal sheets.

The technical result is also achieved due to the fact that a transparent cap is installed on the desalination unit body with a mist catcher located at the edges [16] to drain additional condensate created by even condensation pairs of sheets with absorbent material, and the upper outer ends of the metal sheets of odd evaporating pairs are blackened and equipped with swivel joints for orientation to the sun.

In the drawing, in section, the proposed "Mobile solar desalter" is depicted.

The solar desalter contains a pair of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 metal sheets with absorbent material, sequentially installed in the housing 7, the odd vaporizing pairs of sheets 1, 3, 5 are placed between the top cover 8 and the bottom 9 of the housing, the sheets have openings 10 for steam to escape, their hygroscopic material through the holes 11 extends outside the bottom, and the upper outer ends of the sheets have blackening and pivoting joints 12 to orient them to the sun S. The metal sheets of even condensation pairs 2, 4, 6 are solid (without holes), their lower the ends 13 together with the absorbent material are brought out through the bottom of the case, and in the upper case cover over even pairs there are openings 14 for the output of an additional pair of reporting pairs of sheets. To capture this additional steam, a transparent cap 15 is installed on the housing with a fog trap 16, the ends of which are passed through holes 17 in its upper cover. The distillate is removed into a container for collecting it (not shown in the drawing) by a pipe 18 laid on the bottom of the housing, having openings in the zones of condensation formation between adjacent pairs of metal sheets. The bottom is made of heat-insulating material or heat-insulating material (not shown in the drawing) is laid on it to reduce the cooling of the odd evaporating pairs of sheets from contact with the bottom.

The hygroscopic material 19, installed between the metal sheets, is selected according to its capillary properties for a particular desalinated water (marine, industrial mineralized or contaminated).

The solar desalter in the pond is placed on the supports 20, or on floats (not shown in the drawing) with a significant depth of the pond.

"Mobile desalination" operates as follows.

The solar desalter is installed in a reservoir with desalinated water so that the ends of the hygroscopic material 19 of all pairs of metal sheets are always immersed in desalinated water, since moisture will rise and spread between them through the capillary effect. The metal sheets of odd evaporating pairs 1, 3, 5 are heated by solar energy from their upper outer ends having blackening and hinges 12 to rotate them in the sun, creating conditions for the evaporation of moisture from their hygroscopic material.

The metal sheets of even condensation pairs 2, 4, 6 are cooled due to the fact that their lower ends are lowered through the bottom of the casing into desalinated water. The steam leaving the openings of 10 odd pairs of sheets condenses on the cold surfaces of the metal sheets of even pairs, the distillate flows down the casing, fills the nozzle 18 through the holes and is removed outside into the container for its collection (shown in the drawing by an arrow). In order to provide greater cooling of the metal sheets of even pairs due to the constant movement of moisture along their hygroscopic material, there are openings 14 in the upper cover 8 of the housing for the release of additional fumes from even pairs of sheets.

In order to catch this additional steam, a transparent cap 15 is installed with a mist-collecting net 16. Condensate vapor flows down the inner wall of the cap, is trapped by the net 16 and is directed through the openings 17 in the lid to the inside of the housing.

In addition, the cap 15 isolates from the cooling by wind the upper ends 12 of the vaporizing pairs 1, 3, 5 of metal sheets, creating a higher temperature inside the cap.

In the mobile version for individual use, the number of pairs of metal sheets with absorbent material can be limited to two or three pairs, the cap 15 is absent, and the outer ends 12 of the sheets of odd pairs 1, 3, 5 with hinges during transportation fit on the top cover 8 of the housing 7. To satisfy the needs of desalinated water, for example, of a settlement, such a desalination plant of greater productivity may contain an unlimited number of such pairs of metal sheets placed in a housing Leica Geosystems sizes.

The proposed Mobile Solar Desalter is simple in design, mobile for transportation, easy to maintain and has high performance, which allows us to hope for its quick practical use.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1-Dolinsky O.Ya., Leshchenko G.A., Troyanovich L.V. Solar desalination plant. USSR copyright certificate No. 1611873. IPC C02F 1/14 (analog).

2. Elamanov A.I. Solar desalination plant. USSR copyright certificate No. 1650598. IPC C02F 1/14 (analog).

3. Wild N. A., Beloivan A. I., Soldatkin I. V. Solar desalination plant. USSR copyright certificate No. 1370387. IPC F24J 2/32 (analog).

4. Bartuli G.R. A device for producing distilled water. USSR copyright certificate No. 947063. IPC C02F 1/14, F24J 2/32 (prototype).

5. Knyazev BM, Borodychev VV et al. Pond-evaporator of mineralized drainage flow. RF patent No. 2527041. IPC Е02В 11/00 (analog).

6. Kholmatov T.Kh. Mobile solar installation for desalination (options). RF patent No. 2401803. IPC C02F 1/14 (analog).

7. Slesarenko V.N., Panasenko A.A. The method of desalination of sea water and a device for its implementation. RF patent No. 2453352. IPC B01D 1/22 (analog).

8. Chuguevets T.P. Solar desalination plant. USSR copyright certificate No. 1322035. IPC F24J 2/32 (analog).

9. US Patent No. 3870605 A, 03/11/1975

10. Japan patent No. 60220182 A, 02/11/1985

11. US patent No. 4196717 A, 1977.

12. US Patent No. 4363703 A, 12/14/1982

13. US Patent No. 4,135985 A, 1979

14. UK patent No. 313817 A, 06/20/1929

15. Japanese Patent No. 10080688 A, 03/31/1998.

16. Fibrous eliminators. Types and basic parameters. GOST R 50821-95.

Claims (3)

1. A mobile solar desalter comprising a housing, metal sheets coated with hygroscopic materials, the ends of which are lowered into a container with desalinated water and a condensate collecting tank, characterized in that several pairs of metal sheets are sequentially installed in its housing to form condensation zones between the sheets each pair contains hygroscopic material, the lower ends of which are led through sealed openings in the bottom of the housing into a container with desalinated water, onto odd metal sheets evaporating holes are applied to their pairs, their upper ends are led out through the housing cover, the lower ends of the condensation pair metal sheets are led through the housing bottom to a container with desalinated water, and the upper ends of these pairs of sheets from the inside of the housing are connected to its cover, in which openings are made for them, evaporating water, moreover, the nozzle of the condensate collecting tank is laid along the bottom of the casing and holes are applied on it in the vapor condensation zones between the pairs of metal sheets. 2. A mobile solar desalter according to claim 1, characterized in that a transparent hood is installed on the housing with a mist catcher placed at its edges to drain additional condensate created by even condensation pairs of sheets with absorbent material. 3. Mobile desalination device according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper outer ends of the metal sheets of odd evaporating pairs are blackened and equipped with swivel joints to orient them to the sun.

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