RU2661510C1 - Method for forming and developing technogenic deposit and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to mining and can be used for the formation of technogenic deposit from wastes of concentrating plants with subsequent processing. Method includes laying a mixture in sections and extracting them within a single section. In this case, with a device for controlling the segregation process laying technogenic mixture is carried out as one-sided, as well as a distributed release along the length of the section, into a rectangular-shaped warehouse with inside sections, warehouse is formed from dams of various designs, sections of which are divided by partitions from a rock overburden, the width of a partition is equal to the minimum width of the working platform for placing mining equipment on it, length of the partition is equal to the length of the warehouse leaving a gap between a rock partition and a dam equal to the width of the section, and corresponds to two radii of the working area of the backhoe excavator , the excavation of the technogenic mixture is made by downward digging with the help of the backhoe excavator within the section with its location on the dam or rock section of the section, and the transportation of technogenic raw materials to the concentrating plant for further processing or its use.

EFFECT: increase in the productivity of separation of tailings of concentrating plants of color or ferrous metallurgy at their storage at various positions, decrease in influence of temperature conditions on division.

4 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mining and can be used to form a man-made deposit from the waste of enrichment plants with its subsequent development.

A known method of forming a technogenic mineral deposit (patent RU No. 2395687, publ. 07/27/2010). According to which the formation of a technogenic mineral deposit begins with the supply of coal grades to the coal-burning enterprise, depending on the combustion methods and types of furnace devices used by this the enterprise, and the supply of coal of burned grades is carried out depending on the composition and content of valuable impurity elements in them, the technogenic deposit of which is planned to be formed, as well as possible methods for its subsequent development and processing with the extraction of valuable components. Then, coal is prepared for burning and burned in furnace devices to produce thermal energy in the form of hot water or process steam and the formation of slag ash waste and their subsequent storage and storage in slag ash dumps.

The disadvantage of this method is that the formation of a technogenic deposit is carried out by a conventional dump, which makes it impossible to store liquid waste from concentration plants, dusting occurs, and dilution during the extraction of technogenic raw materials.

There is a method of forming and developing an underground technogenic deposit (RU patent No. 95104436, publ. March 10, 1997), by which underground voids are first prepared, enrichment tails are fed through pipelines to underground voids, followed by their development. Development is carried out by the leaching method.

The disadvantage of this method is that the formation of an anthropogenic deposit in underground conditions leads to dilution of anthropogenic raw materials, the capacity of an anthropogenic deposit is limited by voids in the mine workings, the development of such a field is accompanied by the difficulty of re-conservation of the mine workings, additional measures to increase their stability, as well as the placement of mining machines.

It is known the creation of man-made deposits (RU patent No. 2182964, publ. 07/20/1998), including the formation of drainage, enrichment and leach layers.

The disadvantage of this method is that the gross laying of technogenic raw materials is carried out, which leads to dilution. The layers are formed from dry waste, and measures for their drainage are necessary to place liquid waste in them. The formation of a man-made deposit from dry waste can lead to their subsequent dusting and clogging of adjacent territories.

There is a method of formation and development of a technogenic deposit (patent application RU No. 94025106, publ. 06/10/1996), adopted as a prototype, in which the prepared mixture of coal waste with binder sludge and fluoride gypsum is placed sectionwise in a three-section ring-type warehouse and in the same sequence, the excavation is carried out, while in the first section, the composition is laid and the composition is dehydrated, in the second section, dehydration is continued and the composition is solidified, in t of the second section, the finished product is excavated, the purpose of the sections changes as the finished material is developed, moreover, dewatering is performed by drainage, and the released water is discharged through the drainage grooves. In addition, removable partitions are used and they are moved alternately along the ring following the development zone.

The disadvantages of this method are the addition of binders (whiteite and fluoride gypsum) to coal waste for laying in sections, which leads to an increase in the process of laying waste, as well as the mixing of binders, which leads to dilution of technogenic raw materials, reducing the intensity of development of technogenic raw materials in within sections due to the installation, dismantling and transfer of partitions. The formation of a technogenic deposit is carried out only from dry waste, which makes it impossible to store liquid waste due to their spill along the perimeter of the deposit itself.

Known screw separator (RU patent No. 63254, publ. 05.27.2007), containing a vertically mounted screw chute, a hopper for loading the source material mounted above the screw chute, and enrichment product cutters installed in the lower part of the screw chute, the upper turns of the screw the gutters are equipped with a device for heating the initial bulk material moving along the gutter and evaporating the moisture contained therein, and several vibrators interacting with the bottom of these turns of the gutter.

The disadvantage of this device is its low productivity, its mandatory upright position, the cost of heating the source material, low operating efficiency at low temperatures, and the cost of forming a man-made deposit from the waste from enrichment plants is also increasing.

Known screw separator (patent RU No. 2436635, publ. 01/14/2010), including a supporting frame consisting of a vertical axial bed, a slurry receiver, a magnetic system that creates magnetic tension in the separation zone of the enrichment product with the direction of magnetic forces on the released grains in the direction of the separator axis, a spiral chute, a device for separation and output of enrichment products.

The disadvantage of this device is that when the screw separator is in a horizontal position, the separation of the feeding material will not occur, low productivity in the separation of the material, freezing of the separated material at low temperatures with a gravity-fed method of feeding the separated material, low separation efficiency in the presence of clogging components.

Known gas-liquid separator (patent RU No. 2583268, publ. 11/21/2014), adopted as a prototype device, which includes a vertical cylindrical body with a nozzle for supplying a gas-liquid mixture, an inner cylinder with a channel communicated with a number of holes made along the central axis, with a cavity channel and with a cavity under the lower surface of the guide vane and a pipe for gas removal, a screw guide vane placed between them and forming sections with fluctuations in the velocity in the spiral channel in the gas-liquid mixture flow A, expansion chamber with a nozzle for draining degassed liquid in the lower part of the housing.

The disadvantage of this device is the low degree of separation when using material with clogging components, the vertical position of the working body for efficient separation of the mixture, low productivity due to the gravity-fed method of supplying the separated material, as well as freezing of the separated material inside the gas-liquid separator at low temperatures.

The technical result of the method is the effective formation of a technogenic deposit with the allocation of promising zones for their development, increasing the intensity, safety of mining operations, reducing dilution during mining.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the device for controlling the segregation process conducts the laying of the technogenic mixture, both one-sided and dispersed, along the length of the section, into a rectangular warehouse with sections located inside, the warehouse is formed from dams of various designs, the sections of which are divided by rock overburden partitions, the width of the partition is equal to the minimum width of the working platform for placing mining equipment on it, the length of the partition is equal to the length of the warehouse, leaving the spacing between the rock wall and the dam equal to the width of the section, and corresponds to the two radii of the working area of the backhoe, the excavation of the technogenic mixture is carried out by lower digging with the help of the backhoe in the section with its location on the dam or rock wall of the section, and transportation of technogenic raw materials to the processing plant for further processing or its use. The development of the formed technogenic deposit with increased depth and capacity is carried out by a backhoe, which works out the upper layer of technogenic raw materials within the sections and the rock overburden partition, moving the excavator to the lower layer of the rock overburden partition with subsequent mining of the lower layer of technogenic raw materials.

The technical result of the device is to increase the separation performance of the tailings of the processing plants of non-ferrous or ferrous metallurgy when they are stored at different positions (horizontal or vertical), reducing the influence of temperature conditions on the separation.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a continuous helical guiding apparatus is located inside the cylindrical body and is rigidly fixed along its entire diameter, the distance between the turns of which is equal to the diameter of the cylindrical body, with at least 3 turns, after the helical guiding apparatus there is a layer division zone of the mixture, the length of which equal to fifty to fifty-five diameters of the cylindrical body in which the layered divider is located, consisting of a hollow cylinder, the diameter of which is calculated melts depending on the size of the divisible fraction.

The method of formation and development of anthropogenic deposits is illustrated by the following drawings:

FIG. 1 is a general view of the formation of a technogenic deposit;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the formation of a technogenic deposit;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the formation of a man-made field with excavation;

FIG. 4 - formed technogenic deposit in the plan with the arrangement of excavators;

FIG. 5 is a general view of the development of the formed technogenic deposit;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the development of the formed technogenic deposit with increased depth and capacity;

FIG. 7 is a longitudinal section of the installation;

FIG. 8 - continuous screw guide apparatus;

FIG. 9 - section of the branching pipe of a larger diameter with a large (rich) fraction and a smaller diameter with a small (poor) fraction, where:

1 - a dam of various designs;

2 - sections;

3 - a partition from rock overburden;

4 - the gap between the rock wall and the dam;

5 - radius of the working area of the excavator;

6 - backhoe "backhoe";

7 - dump truck;

8 - pipe with a large (rich) fraction;

9 - pipe with a fine (poor) fraction;

10 - a device for managing segregation in the formation of anthropogenic deposits;

11 - excavation in the ground;

12 - location of the excavator;

13 - the boundaries of the layered development of partitions from rock overburden;

14 - a cylindrical body;

15 - continuous screw guide apparatus;

16 - zone of turbulent movement of the mixture (layer division);

17 - layer divider;

18 - large (rich) fraction;

19 - fir-tree (poor) fraction.

The method is as follows.

A dam 1 is formed (Fig. 1-5), the design of which may be different, in the form of a rectangular shape. The resulting capacity is divided into sections 2 using partitions from rock overburden 3 (Fig. 1-6). The width of each section is formed on the basis of their technical characteristics of the backhoe, and is equal to its two radii of the working areas 5 (Fig. 4). The width of the bulkhead from the overburden is taken equal to the minimum width of the working platform of the backhoe backhoe. Backfilling of the rock overburden along the length is made with a gap of 4 between the rock overburden partition 3 (Fig. 1-6) and the dam 1 (Fig. 1-5) equal to the two radii of the working areas of the backhoe. Laying of technogenic raw materials can be carried out both with unilateral and dispersed release into each section by pipes with a large (rich) fraction 8 or pipes with a small (poor) fraction 9 of technogenic raw materials (Fig. 1-6). The branching of pipes 8, 9 emerging from the device 10 may have a different design (Figs. 1-4, 6, 9). The division into large (rich) or small (poor) fractions is carried out by the segregation control device during the formation of the technogenic deposit 10 (Fig. 1, 4), which divides into large (rich) fraction 8 and small (poor) fraction 9 (Fig. 1 -4, 6, 9). After filling sections 2 (Fig. 1-6), the development of technogenic raw materials within each section from its two sides is carried out using a backhoe “6” (Fig. 4, 5) to the entire depth of the section. Excavated technogenic raw materials are immersed in a dump truck 7 (Fig. 5) and transported to a concentration plant for further processing or its use in various industries.

Also, the development of the formed technogenic deposit within the filled sections 2 (Fig. 1-6) can be carried out using walking excavators (not shown), which can increase the depth of the developed section and the tank as a whole.

When forming a man-made deposit in the foundations of each section 2 (Fig. 1-6), soil is excavated to a certain depth, followed by shielding, in order to increase the capacity and safety of operation of the man-made deposit.

The development of a technogenic deposit with increased depth and capacity within the filled section can be carried out using a backhoe, with a specific sequence. First, the upper layer of technogenic raw materials is worked out to the maximum digging depth of the backhoe (not shown), then the upper layer of the partition is removed from the overburden 13 (Fig. 6). An excavator "backhoe" 12 is installed on the removed layer of the rock wall (Fig. 6), which, by lowering it, conducts mining of the underlying layer of technogenic raw materials (not shown). Next, the operations are repeated until all technogenic raw materials have been worked out.

The device is made in the form of a sealed cylindrical housing 14 with a continuous screw guide apparatus 15 located therein (Fig. 7, 8). The pitch of the screw guide apparatus is equal to the diameter of the cylindrical body, and its length is three or four of its steps. After the screw guide apparatus there is a zone of turbulent movement of the mixture (layer division) 16 (Fig. 7) with a length of from fifty to fifty-five diameters of the cylindrical body, then a layer divider 17 (Fig. 7) is located. The branching of pipes of a larger diameter with a large (rich) fraction and of a smaller diameter with a small (poor) fraction can have a different design (Figs. 1, 4, 9).

The operation of the device is as follows.

The polydisperse mixture transported through the pipeline enters the pipeline section with the device of cylindrical shape 14 (Fig. 7). Passing through this section, the mixture enters a continuous screw guiding apparatus 15 (Fig. 7, 8) with a step equal to the diameter of the cylindrical body and a length equal to three or four of its steps, where from laminar motion it is transformed into turbulent. Leaving this apparatus 15 (Fig. 7, 8), it enters the zone of turbulent movement of the mixture (layer division) 16 (Fig. 7) from fifty to fifty-five diameters of the cylindrical body, where, under the action of axial, peripheral speeds, and centrifugal forces separation occurs where a large (rich) fraction is transported through a pipe of larger diameter 18, and a small (poor) fraction is transported through a pipe of smaller diameter 19 (Fig. 7). The branching of pipes with a large (rich) and small (poor) fraction can have various designs (Fig. 1, 4, 9). The separated fractions in the layer stream enter the layer divider 17 (Fig. 7), which in turn directs them in different directions.

As a result of the application of this method and device, the dilution of man-made materials is significantly reduced, the safety of mining operations is increased, the intensity of mining operations at the man-made field, the complexity of their use, and development costs are significantly reduced.

Claims (4)

1. A method of forming and developing a technogenic deposit, including laying the mixture in sections and extracting them within one section, characterized in that the device for controlling the segregation process conducts laying of the technogenic mixture, both one-sided and dispersed, along the length of the section, into a rectangular warehouse with sections located inside, the warehouse is formed from dams of various designs, sections of which are divided by partitions from rock overburden, the width of the partition is equal to the minimum width of the working area docks for placement of mining equipment on it, the length of the partition is equal to the length of the warehouse with the gap between the rocky partition and the dam equal to the width of the section, and corresponds to the two radii of the working area of the backhoe, excavation of the technogenic mixture is carried out by lower digging using a backhoe »Within the section with its location on the dam or rock partition of the section, and transportation of technogenic raw materials to the processing plant for further processing or its use zovaniya. 2. The method of formation and development of a man-made deposit according to claim 1, characterized in that the formation of a man-made deposit is carried out by excavating part of the soil at the base of the sections with laying of a shielding layer in a rectangular warehouse. 3. The method of formation and development of a man-made deposit according to claim 1, characterized in that the development of a formed man-made deposit with increased depth and capacity is carried out by a backhoe, which works out the top layer of man-made raw materials within the sections and a partition from the overburden, rearranging the excavator on the lower layer of the rock overburden wall with subsequent mining of the lower layer of technogenic raw materials. 4. A device for controlling the segregation process in the implementation of the method of forming a technogenic deposit according to claim 1, comprising a cylindrical body with a continuous screw guide apparatus located therein, characterized in that the continuous screw guide apparatus is located inside the cylindrical body and is rigidly fixed over its entire diameter, the distance between the turns of which is equal to the diameter of the cylindrical body, with the number of at least 3 turns, after the screw guide apparatus there is a zone layer division of the mixture, the length of which is from fifty to fifty five diameters of the cylindrical body, in which there is a layer divider consisting of a hollow cylinder, the diameter of which is calculated depending on the size of the divided fraction.

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