RU2660875C2 - Filter - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the oil-water emulsions separating devices and can be used to purify ship oily waters and other oily effluents. Filter contains housing in the form of filled with granules several cylindrical shells, with upper and lower covers, branch pipes for the to be purified oil-water emulsion supply, separated oil products and purified water output, limiting the granular filler metal gratings. As the upper stage filtering charge, double sieved sand with the particles size of 0.5–1.0 mm is used, and as the lower stage filtering charge, spruce wood sawdust with the particles size of 0.5–1.0 mm is used, which has large porosity. Between the sand and sawdust layers there is a gap for the coalesced in the upper stage petroleum products accumulation. In the upper cover annular perforated collector for the purified water supply is installed, which is made in the form of a ring with holes from below, which diameter is gradually increasing with distance from the inlet, and the distance between them decreases, wherein the holes total area must be larger than the collector inlet area.

EFFECT: technical result: increase in the oily waters purification efficiency and degree, possibility of the dissolved petroleum products extraction.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for the separation of oil-water emulsions and can be used for purification of ship oil-containing waters, as well as at all industrial enterprises having oil-containing effluents.

A known filter with granular loading and a method for its regeneration (AS No. 1273142 m. Class V01D 17/022, published November 30, 86, bull. No. 44), containing a cylindrical housing with a bottom, means for supplying cleaned and flushing liquid, drainage of the filtrate, a container with a nozzle for concentrating sediment concentrically mounted on the outside of the housing. The filter is equipped with a means for supplying air attached to the bottom, a cylindrical conical cap with a pipe for venting air, a perforated partition installed under the load, the tank is equipped with a lid. For the effective operation of such a filter, it is necessary to use fine granules. The purified water is pumped through the load from top to bottom.

A well-known filter (Means for cleaning liquids on ships: Handbook / Under the general editorship of IA Ivanov - L .: Shipbuilding, 1984. - S. 100-102). The cylindrical filter housing is filled with filter media, which is used anion exchange resin. To prevent entrainment of the filter load by the stream of purified water, identical packets of crushed stone and gravel with a particle size of 6-10 mm are placed between the perforated sheets in the upper and lower parts of the filter.

A known filter (patent of Ukraine No. 79114 IPC V01D 17/022, published May 25, 2007, bull. No. 7), by most indications adopted for the prototype, containing a housing filled with granules, with upper and lower covers, nozzles for supplying clean oil-water emulsions, withdrawal of separated oil products and purified water, metal grids restricting the granular filler, several cylindrical shells with flanges are placed between the upper and lower filter covers, between which restrictive grids are installed that divide the volume the shells on the sections, which are filled with layers of granules, the upper and lower layers consist of large granules, and the intermediate layers are small, and the density of the granules of the upper layer is lower than the density of water, and the density of the remaining granules is higher than the density of water between the layer of large granules filling the bottom cover , and the overlying layer of small granules there is no gap, in addition, in the bottom cover there is a perforated collector made in the form of a ring with a jumper, with a perforation size smaller than the diameter of large granules, connected to the pipe to output about ischennoy water and a pipe for supplying compressed air, in addition, the upper cover is divided by a partition into two compartments, one of which is attached inlet pipe being cleaned oil-water emulsions, and to the other - the separated oil withdrawal pipe.

The disadvantages of such filters is that the filter load has the same physicochemical properties and, therefore, the same methods of separating oil from water, which reduces the quality of cleaning and does not allow to remove dissolved oil products.

The objective of the invention is to significantly increase the efficiency and degree of purification of oil-containing water, as well as the ability to extract dissolved oil products, which is achieved by the fact that the filter load consists of layers of various components, the principle of operation of which is based on different physicochemical methods of separating oil products from water, and the volume the upper filter shell is filled with twice sifted sand, first through a sieve with a mesh size of 1 mm, and then through a sieve with a mesh size of 0.5 mm, thus Ohm, particles larger than 1 mm and less than 0.5 mm are removed from the sand, and the volume of the lower shell is filled with sawdust from spruce, since sawdust from coniferous trees is slower to oxidize and have a significantly longer service life, and spruce wood has a greater number of micropores, and accordingly, sawdust from it has better adsorption properties. Between the layers of sand and sawdust, two restrictive metal grids are installed to create a gap between the layers, which is necessary for the accumulation of oil products that coalesced in the upper stage.

Filling the filter with various components (twice sifted sand with a particle size of 0.5-1 mm and wood sawdust from spruce with a particle size of 0.5-1 mm) allows you to effectively separate oil products from water by various physicochemical methods (coalescence, filtration, adsorption) .

The first component of the filter load is double-sifted sand with a particle size of 0.5-1 mm more effectively “attracts” droplets of oil products and has good filtering and coalescing properties. The filter uses sea sand, since in comparison with river sand it has a larger range of granules (grains of sand) and contains less impurities (clay and others).

The second component of the filter load is wood sawdust made of spruce with a particle size of 0.5-1 mm and has filtering and adsorption properties. Due to the presence of a large number of micropores in the wood structure from spruce, the separation of oil products in the lower stage of the filter, filled with sawdust, is carried out not only by filtration, but also by adsorption, which allows even dissolved oil products to be extracted and significantly improve the quality of treatment.

Thus, by varying the composition of the components of the filter load, which has various physicochemical properties, it is possible to significantly improve the quality of treatment and significantly intensify the process of separating oil products from water.

The pipe for supplying purified water is made in the form of a perforated ring with holes from the bottom so that the purified water is uniformly fed down the periphery of the filter housing, and the separated oil products floated upward along the axis of the filter into the oil collector without mixing with each other. Additionally, to ensure laminar, even along the perimeter, outflow of purified water from the annular perforated collector, the diameter of the holes in it gradually increases with distance from the inlet, and the distance between them decreases, and the area of the holes should be larger than the area of the inlet of the collector to prevent an increase in speed filtration and turbulent flow. Without the presence of a perforated collector, there is an inequality in the velocities of the liquid being cleaned, stagnant zones are present. The proposed design of the collector allows you to evenly distribute the purified water throughout the entire volume of the filter load in the laminar flow regime, which generally increases the efficiency and degree of purification of oily water.

The filter for the purification of oily waters is illustrated by the drawings: FIG. 1 - filter for the purification of oily water in the context; FIG. 2 is a bottom view of an annular perforated collector for supplying purified water.

The filter for purification of oily water (Fig. 1) contains the upper 1 and lower 2 covers, between which cylindrical shells 3 with flanges are placed. The internal volume of the filter is divided into sections by horizontal restrictive grids 4.

The volume of the upper shell is filled with twice sifted sand 5 with a particle size of 0.5-1 mm, and the volume of the lower shell is filled with sawdust from spruce 6 with a particle size of 0.5-1 mm. The top cover 1 of the filter has an annular perforated collector 7 for supplying a cleanable oil-water emulsion and a pipe 8 for removing oil products. In the bottom cover 2 is placed a perforated manifold with a pipe 9 for the removal of purified water.

The filter for the purification of oily water works as follows.

Oil-containing water is supplied to the volume of the upper filter cover 1 through an annular perforated collector 7 and is fed to the upper stage for cleaning, filled with twice sifted sand 5 with a particle size of 0.5-1 mm, where oil-containing water is purified by coalescence and filtration. After a layer of sifted sand 5, oil-containing water enters the lower stage of the filter, filled with sawdust from spruce 6 with a particle size of 0.5-1 mm, where oil products are separated from the water by filtration and adsorption, which allows even dissolved oil products to be removed from the water. Then the purified water is removed from the volume of the lower cover 2 of the filter through the pipe 9. Separated oil products are removed from the volume of the upper cover 1 through the pipe 8.

Claims (1)

A filter containing a housing in the form of several cylindrical shells filled with granules with upper and lower covers, nozzles for supplying a clean oil-water emulsion, output of separated oil products and purified water, metal mesh limiting granular filler, characterized in that as a filter load of the upper stage twice sifted sea sand with a particle size of 0.5-1.0 mm is used, and sawdust with a particle size of 0.5-1.0 mm from wood is used as the lower stage of the filtering load spruce spring, which has a high porosity, and between the layers of sand and sawdust there is a gap for the accumulation of oil products, coalesced in the upper stage, in addition, in the upper cover there is an annular perforated collector for supplying purified water, which is made in the form of a ring with holes at the bottom, diameter which gradually increases with distance from the inlet, and the distance between them decreases, and the total area of the holes should be greater than the area of the inlet of the collector.

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