RU2657147C1 - Flexible liner for the transportation of loose cargoes in railway open cars and the method of unloading of an open car with a loose cargo in a flexible liner - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: rail vehicles.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to rail transportation of bulk cargoes. Flexible liner (1) for the transportation of loose goods in railway gondola cars is made of flexible material, it corresponds in size and shape to the inside of the gondola car, has means for connecting the parts of the liner and an unloading device made in the form of a load line from cargo belts connected to the end part of liner (1) and provided with gripping element (16). Method of unloading open-top wagons with bulk cargo placed in a flexible liner is to make holes in it in the places where the unloading hatches are opened and a part of the cargo is removed through them. Attachment of the gripper element of cargo sling (16) to cable (18) of handling device (20) is exerted on gripper (16) of cargo sling liner (1) in the direction and for the time providing for bending bottom (2) of the liner and moving place the bend of the bottom to the opposite end of the liner until liner (1) is completely removed from the open car.

EFFECT: invention speeds up the unloading of open cars for transport in flexible liners of low-flow and dispersed cargoes prone to caking.

13 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the rail transportation of bulk cargo in protective wagon inserts, made in the form of flexible inserts, containers, insulating bulk cargo during transportation and placed in gondola cars equipped with unloading hatches in the floor, and can be used both in the manufacture of protective wagon liners and their use in rail transportation of bulk cargo in open wagons.

Known flexible liner for transporting bulk cargo in railway gondola cars, made in the form of a box corresponding in size to the internal dimensions of the gondola car body and equipped in its lower part with an unloading device (Utility model RU 90751, IPC B61D 39/00, published on 01.20.2010) . The box of the known flexible liner is tight and, therefore, loading and unloading sleeves (device for unloading) are used for loading and unloading bulk cargo, which ensures the use of the known liner for transporting goods with high bulk properties that are preserved during transportation. However, removing the liner from a gondola car while unloading such goods requires additional labor and time. In the case of loading loose loose or prone to caking dispersed goods during unloading of the liner, it is not completely emptied, and therefore the gondola is emptied, as cargo remains accumulate in the central part of the liner, mainly along the spine beam of the gondola, which limits the use of the known liner during transportation such goods.

A known method of unloading a gondola car with bulk cargo placed in a flexible liner, which consists in using a flexible liner corresponding in size to the internal dimensions of the gondola car, equipped with an unloading device in its lower part, open the unloading hatches of the gondola car located along its side, create openings for unloading at the location of the hatches, remove the liner from the gondola with the device for unloading (Utility model RU 90751, IPC B61D 39/00, published on 01.20.2010). In the known method of unloading a gondola car from bulk cargo, placed in a flexible protective liner, use the device for unloading, made in the form of flexible hoses, placed when loading opposite the unloading hatches of the gondola car. When unloading, flexible hoses are manually removed from under the load and pushed into the holes of the hatches, forming holes to remove the load, which requires manual labor. Removing the liner when unloading bulk cargo also requires additional labor and time. When unloading poorly loose or prone to caking dispersed cargoes, the residual cargo accumulates in the liner mainly along the spinal beam of the gondola, due to which the known method of unloading does not provide complete emptying of the gondola, which limits its use for such cargoes.

Known flexible liner for transporting bulk cargo in railway gondola cars, corresponding in size and shape to the inside of the gondola car body (Eurasian application EA 201100635, IPC B65D 88/16, B60P 7/04, B65G 65/00, published on 10/30/2012). The known flexible liner is made in the form of a bag with loading sleeves, which requires the use of special technical means of loading when loading, and when unloading, an additional operation of removing the liner from the gondola after unloading cargo from it. The known liner has limited use, not only because of the need to use special means of loading, but mainly because it does not provide complete emptying of the gondola car when unloading poorly loose or prone to caking dispersed loads, since their remains accumulate in liner in its central part along the spine of the gondola car.

A known method of unloading a gondola car with bulk cargo placed in a flexible protective liner, which consists in opening the unloading hatches of the gondola car located along its side, a flexible liner made in size and shape to the internal dimensions of the gondola car body, vaporized at the locations of the hatches, removed insert from a gondola car (Eurasian application EA 201100635, IPC B65D 88/16, B60P 7/04, B65G 65/00, publ. 30.10.2012). The known method of unloading bulk cargo is part of the method of transporting bulk cargo using a flexible liner in the form of a bag made of a polymer film in the form of a gondola car body and in size corresponding to the dimensions of its internal space. In this case, after removing the bulk cargo, removing the liner from the open wagon according to the known method of unloading requires manual labor. In addition, the known method of unloading does not provide complete emptying of the gondola car when unloading poorly loose or prone to caking dispersed loads, since their remains accumulate in the liner in the central part of the liner along the spine beam, which limits its use for such cargoes.

Closest to the claimed container for transportation of bulk cargo, made in the form of a flexible liner for transporting bulk cargo in railway gondola cars, corresponding in size and shape to the inside of the body of the gondola car, equipped with an unloading device and means for connecting the parts of the liner (Utility Model Patent RU 101420, IPC B61D 39/00, B65D 88/1, publ. 01.20.2011). The well-known liner, made in the form of a sealed rectangular parallelepiped with an additional awning (cover) and loading sleeves, requires a special device for loading, removed after loading the gondola, and has a special device for unloading in the form of an air bag with hoses, which complicates the design of the container liner, it manufacture and operation during transportation. The pneumatic bag allows unloading of loose cargo, prone to caking, or weak-flowing due to inflation of the air bag to affect the remainder of the cargo, however, its damage and depressurization, for example due to oversight of sharp edges and projections of the body, make it impossible to unload the remainder of the cargo, and therefore unloading gondola car. Loading through hoses requires special technical means of loading (silo installation), manufacturing and temporary installation of special loading supports, and unloading requires the use of a stationary or mobile pneumatic network (as a rule, gondola cars do not have their own pneumatic network), which limits the use of the well-known liner. In addition, to use the well-known liner, it is required to pre-equip each gondola with special elements to fix the tie-straps on them, which significantly limits the use of the well-known liner and increases transportation costs. The operation of the liner at the stages of loading and unloading is time consuming and increases the time under loading and unloading. So when unloading, connection-disconnection, inflation-deflation of the air bag is carried out, and manual removal of the insert together with the pneumatic system requires its preliminary folding, removal of the hoses.

Closest to the claimed method of unloading a gondola car with bulk cargo placed in a flexible liner, namely, that the liner is made of flexible material, corresponding in size and shape to the inside of the gondola car body, equipped with an unloading device and means for connecting the liner parts, open in the upper part, open the unloading hatches located in the bottom of the gondola car, make holes in the liner in the places of opening the hatches, act on the remainder of the load with a device for loading linker, the insert is recovered and means for unloading from the gondola (utility model patent RU 101420, publ. 20.01.2011). The known method can provide unloading of a gondola car with an insert from a loose cargo, prone to caking or weakly loose, for which it involves the use of a pneumatic pillow inflated to influence the remainder of the load, usually from an external pneumatic system, which complicates the known method, it takes time and labor to prepare the air bag for operation, maintenance of the pneumatic system during unloading and manual labor to remove the liner and air bag from the gondola car, which increases vayut being unloaded from the gondola of the bulk cargo. For the application of the known method requires specially equipped open wagons, which limits its use. In addition, the impact of the air bag is carried out smoothly, which does not always ensure the unloading of the loose caked bulk cargo from the liner.

The present invention solves the problem of creating a flexible liner for transporting bulk cargo in railway gondola cars with unloading hatches in the bottom, including low-bulk and prone to caking cargoes, and a method for unloading a gondola car with bulk cargo placed in such a flexible liner. The main technical result of the invention is to accelerate the unloading of open wagons with unloading hatches in the bottom during transportation in flexible inserts of weak-flowing and prone to caking dispersed loads. The technical effects of the inventions also lie in the possibility of using the inventive flexible liner and the inventive method of unloading during transportation in open wagons without their additional equipment, which expands their scope, and in the possibility of complete unloading of strongly caking dispersed cargoes.

The solution of this problem and the achievement of the main and additional technical results is ensured by the fact that in a flexible liner for transportation of bulk cargo in railway gondola cars made of flexible material, corresponding in size and shape to the inside of the gondola car body, equipped with an unloading device and means for connecting the parts insert, the device for unloading is made in the form of a cargo sling connected to the end part of the insert and provided with a gripping element.

The cargo sling is made in the form of a multi-link sling connected by links to the end of the liner.

The links of the multi-link sling are made in the form of cargo belts attached by the ends to the bottom of the liner along its greater side with a gap relative to each other and protruding beyond the bottom at the end of the liner.

In this case, each freight tape, attached end to the bottom of the liner along its greater side with a gap relative to each other and protruding beyond the bottom, is divided in the protruding part into two tapes, and the separated ends of the tapes are provided with gripping elements that ensure mutual connection of the tapes.

As an option, the cargo sling is made in the form of a flexible panel attached to the bottom of the liner or which is a continuation of the bottom and assembled into a bundle at the point of attachment to the gripping element.

Alternatively, the cargo sling is made in the form of a flexible cloth having the shape of a triangle, the base attached to the bottom of the liner or from the base being a continuation of the bottom, and the top attached to the gripping element.

As an option, the flexible liner also contains an additional unloading device, made in the form of a second cargo sling connected to the second end part of the liner and provided with a gripping element.

In addition, the first and second cargo slings are made in the form of multi-link slings connected by links to the bottom of the liner in its opposite end parts.

In this case, the links of the first and second multi-link slings are made in the form of cargo belts attached by the ends to the bottom of the liner along its greater side with a gap relative to each other and protruding beyond the bottom at the corresponding end of the liner.

In addition, as an option, the first and second cargo slings are each made in the form of a flexible panel attached to the bottom of the liner or being a continuation of the bottom assembled in a bundle at the point of attachment to the corresponding gripping element.

As an option, the first and second cargo slings are made each type of flexible cloth, having the shape of a triangle, the base attached to the bottom of the liner or from the base is a continuation of the bottom, and the top attached to the gripping element.

For all cases of a cargo sling or cargo slings, the gripping element of the sling is made in the form of a cargo loop or ring.

The solution of this problem and the achievement of the main and additional technical results is also ensured by the fact that in the method of unloading a gondola car with bulk cargo placed in a flexible liner, it consists in the fact that the liner made of flexible material, corresponding in size and shape to the inside of the body open wagon equipped with a device for unloading and means for connecting parts of the liner, open, open the discharge hatches located in the bottom of the open wagon, make holes in the liner in the openings of the hatches, they act on the remainder of the cargo with an unloading device, remove the liner and the unloading device from the gondola, the unloading device is made in the form of a cargo sling attached or attached to the end of the liner and provided with a gripping element, the remainder of the cargo is impacted by connecting gripping element of the cargo sling to the gripping element of the sling of the lifting and unloading device, application due to the last external force to the gripping element the bottom of the liner of the liner in the direction and over time, ensuring the liner bottom is bent at the liner end and the bottom bends are moved to the opposite liner end, the external force being applied until the liner is completely removed from the gondola car.

As inventions, we offer a flexible liner for transporting bulk cargo in railway gondola cars and a method for unloading a gondola car with bulk cargo placed in a flexible liner, which are intended for use in the transportation of weakly bulk and prone to caking dispersed goods. The inventive liner and method provide unloading a gondola car without the remainder of such cargoes and without involving manual labor to remove the liner after unloading the cargo. For many bulk cargo transported in carriage liners, the action of gravity is enough to completely empty the liner, and hence the gondola car. However, there are dispersed materials that are weak-flowing or prone to caking (compaction) during long-term transportation, for example, apatite concentrate, phosphorite concentrate. When unloading open wagons with such materials under the action of gravity, only part of the bulk cargo is poured out of the liner. For example, for apatite concentrate, the residue in the liner can reach 60-80% after 3000 km of transportation. As a result, more manual labor is required to unload the cargo (since the liner interferes with the mechanization of the work), to remove the liner, it becomes necessary to clean the gondola from the rest of the cargo, which increases the simple gondola under unloading.

The proposed liner provides the use of traditional for a gondola car methods of loading bulk cargo in bulk and without containers, protecting the cargo during transportation from moisture and wind, its safety and accelerated unloading of the gondola car without the rest of the cargo using traditional lifting and unloading devices (cranes, winches) and traditional technological equipment used during loading and unloading, namely: cargo slings. The attachment of a cargo sling at the end of the liner (to the bottom of the liner, to the side face, simultaneously to them) with sufficient (for the expected balance of the load) strength of the sling, connection, bottom, face turns it into a device for unloading the remaining load and removing the liner from the gondola car. At the same time, a sling is a device that provides the connection of the load with the hook (another gripping element) of the crane, winch, similar lifting and unloading device. Used in the invention, the cargo sling can be permanently attached to the end of the liner or be removable. The proposed flexible liner is distinguished by the design of the sling. Multilink slings and slings-panels have advantages with large volumes of cargo remaining, as they withstand great efforts and provide a more durable connection with the end part of the liner. For small cargo residues in the liner, a sling from a wide cargo tape can be used. As a gripping element (device, device) of a sling, loops, rings, half rings, including those formed by connecting cargo belts to each other, as well as hooks, brackets, carbines, etc., end links are used. The peculiarity of the sling is that it is made of cargo tapes (textile slings), which ensures a strong connection of the sling to the end of the liner.

The action of the sling as a device for unloading to remove the remainder of the load in the inventive method of unloading is based on bending the bottom of the liner under the action of force and moving the place of bending under the action of force in the direction from one end of the liner (to which the sling is attached) to the opposite (second end).

So the engagement of the gripping element of the sling (for example, the cargo loop) for the gripping element of the sling (for example, the cable hook) of the lifting and unloading device allows for the creation of an external pulling force on the gripping element, the cargo sling, the bottom (end and bottom) of the liner and the liner as a whole and their required movement. The pulling force in size and direction is chosen so as to cause the end (bottom) of the liner bottom to bend and the bottom to bend from the original position to the opposite end of the liner. Due to the force acting on the load of the bent bottom of the liner, the remainder of the load in the bending places is successively deformed, its flowability in these places increases, and the residue is accelerated and sequentially removed through the openings of the liner and open hatches. In this case, the gripping element of the sling, the sling itself, and with it the end part of the liner from the closest body end of the gondola car, moves to the opposite end of the body and upward in the direction above the upper edge of the opposite end of the body. At the moment of removal of the last cargo residue from hatches located at the opposite end of the body, most of the liner has already been removed from the body, there is still effort and the entire empty liner has been removed from the gondola body. The operation of unloading the residue and removing the liner is carried out within 1-2 minutes, which speeds up the unloading time of the gondola car. In fact, the time of unloading using the proposed flexible liner and the method of unloading is determined by the time spent opening the liner, opening the unloading hatches, forming holes for unloading by tearing the bottom of the liner and the time of the initial discharge of the cargo from the liner through the openings and open hatches to form a residue.

To create external force on the gripping element of the cargo sling and the liner with the rest of the cargo, traditional technical means (lifting and unloading devices) are used: various types of cranes, winches, etc., for which, as a rule, they hook the cable hook on the cargo loop of the liner sling, making the proposed flexible liner and discharge method publicly available for use. The magnitude of the external force is determined experimentally, based on the maximum weight of the residue at the places of bending, and the direction of application of the resulting force is chosen so that the component forces are directed along and perpendicular to the spinal beam of the gondola (for this, the angle of inclination of the cable of the power (lifting and unloading) device to the spine beam the gondola car is chosen sharp ranging from the edge of the gondola car to the right angle).

The implementation of the inventive liner with two devices for unloading in the form of cargo slings attached to the end parts of the liner and provided with gripping elements, makes it possible to unload the gondola car regardless of its orientation with respect to the lifting and unloading device, which can also reduce the time under unloading, since during transportation, a change in the orientation of the gondola car is possible, and for unloading it can be fed by the other end side. In addition, when preparing a gondola car for loading, due to two slings and gripping elements, sliding is provided and liner opening is accelerated, which helps reduce labor costs and time under loading. The options for the second sling are the same as the first with the same advantages and advantages of one or another type of slings and their connections with the liner.

The proposed liner has in its design (before loading) the shape and dimensions of the gondola car body, that is, the shape of the box, consisting of a bottom, side (longer) and end walls and made of flexible material (woven laminated material or a polymer film), and the bottom ( and the end walls to which the sling is attached) make it more rigid and durable (due to thickness, reinforcement), but providing easy bending of it (them); The main requirement for the side walls is that they should be easily creased. The top of the liner can be formed by panels that are a continuation of the sides and / or end faces superimposed on each other, or without them, for example, can be formed by a covering panel (cover, awning). Finally, in some cases of transportation, the box may not have a lid connected to it, and for its shelter, an awning attached to the gondola car itself can be used (for gondola cars that already have fixing means (grippers). Box covering the panels (tent, lid) provide means for connecting parts of the liner (ties, loops, belts, cables, etc.) That is, the claimed liner differs in the number of panels used to seal its open top, and the way they are connected to each other and to the box with COROLLARY to join the parts of the insert. The simplest in design insert has in the assembled state form under loading boxes, provided with an open upper part of at least one material web for its airtight closing, or having a separate awning for covering and sealing the gondola.

The opening of the liner in the inventive method is necessary to prevent the parts of the liner covering the cargo, mix with the rest of the cargo when it is removed and thereby prevent the complete emptying of the liner.

We illustrate the possibility of implementing the invention by the example of using as a basis the inventive flexible liner box with a large number of parts covering it, and as a device (s) for unloading - multi-link (multi-link) cargo slings with a gripping element in the form of a cargo loop.

The invention is illustrated by a number of figures. Figure 1 schematically shows the proposed flexible liner with the upper part open, and figure 2 shows its bottom view from the bottom, dotted lines indicate the proposed places for the formation of openings for unloading. Figure 3 illustrates an embodiment of the liner with two cargo slings located at its different ends, view from the bottom of the liner. Figure 4 illustrates the location of the liner in a gondola with cargo during unloading after opening the hatches, cutting holes, unloading part of the cargo, a side view in section along the spinal beam. Figure 5 illustrates the location of the liner in the gondola with the load during unloading after opening the hatches, cutting openings, unloading part of the cargo and bending the bottom of the liner under the action of external force applied to the liner through the load loop and the cable of the power device (lifting and unloading device), view side view in section along the spinal beam. Figure 6 illustrates the location of the liner in the gondola during unloading at the time after the unloading of the remainder of the load and pulling the liner out of the gondola, a side view in section along the spinal beam.

The proposed flexible liner is made in the form of a box 1 of woven material, for example, of a polymeric fabric, or of a polymer film, for example polypropylene, corresponding in size to the internal dimensions of the gondola car body and, therefore, having a rectangular parallelepiped having a bottom 2 in a straightened state, having side 3, 4 and end 5, 6 of the side and containing in its upper part of the panel 7, 8, which are a continuation of the sides 3, 4, and the panels 9, 10, which are a continuation of the end 5, 6 sides of the box 1, means d compound I insert portions 11 disposed on webs 7-10 and the box 1 and provided in the form of loops, drawstrings, ribbons etc. rigging elements. To the bottom 2 along its greater side 3 in the space 12 between the places of the intended implementation of the openings for unloading 13 (dotted in figures 2-3) with a gap 14 relative to each other cargo belts 15 protruding beyond the bottom 2 in the end of the box formed by the side 5, and coupled together with the possibility of forming a load loop 16 (that is, load belts 15 and load loop 16 form a multi-link cargo line attached to the end of the duct 1).

In an embodiment of the liner with two cargo slings at the ends of the box 1, the cargo belts 15 extend beyond the bottom 2 and at the opposite end of the box formed by side 6 and are connected together with the possibility of forming a cargo loop 17 (i.e., cargo belts 15 and a cargo loop 17 form a second multi-link cargo sling attached to the end of the duct 1).

That is, the load belts 15 can each be attached to an individual gripping element - a cargo loop 16 (option with one sling) or to cargo loops 16 and 17 (option with two slings).

The inventive flexible liner before loading a gondola car is placed inside its body, straightened, forming a box 1, and placed panels 7-10 on the side and end walls of the body, placing the loop 16 (or loops 16 and 17 according to the second option) at the level of the expected load level.

After filling the body of the gondola car with bulk cargo, the liner is closed as follows. First, end panels 9, 10 are placed on the load and connected by means of connecting means 11, then a side panel 7 is placed on the load and end panels 9, 10 (the panels 7, 8 in this embodiment have a gondola car width) are connected with an interference fit to the side 4 by means of the connection 11, then impose on the side panel 7 side panel 8 and also connect it with an interference fit with side 3 by means of 11. The gondola car is ready for dispatch.

During transportation, the proposed liner provides complete protection of bulk cargo from wind and moisture.

Unloading a gondola car is carried out in accordance with the claimed method as follows. Upon arrival of the gondola car at the unloading place, the means 11 are untied sequentially and the insert box 1 is opened, placing the cloth 8, then 7, 9, 10 sequentially on the side and then the body end sides. Before placing the cloth 9 on the body end side, a slot is cut in side 5. above the loading level and hooked through the slot for the cargo loop 16 of the cable 18 of the power device (the gripping element of the sling of the lifting and unloading device attached to the cable 18 is not marked with a position). Then open the unloading hatches of the gondola car, located in its bottom along its lateral sides, cut the bottom 2 of the box 1 at the locations of the hatches, forming holes for unloading. Under the influence of gravity, bulk cargo is unloaded through openings and unloading hatches and into the cargo bunker. After the end of self-loading, an external force is applied to the loop 16 in the initial direction above the upper edge of the opposite end of the gondola (on which the panel 10 is located). External force through the cable 18, the cargo loop 16 is transmitted to the cargo belts 15 and the bottom 2 of the liner 1, the bottom 2 is bent at the point where it intersects with the end side 5 (the end of the liner) and the bottom end 2 is moved up and towards the opposite end of the gondola car and to the top the edge of this end. In this case, the place of the bend sequentially moves from the initial position at the end (end side) 5 to the opposite end of the liner 6 (and to the end of the body on which the panel 10 is located).

Moreover, due to the efforts of the bottom 2 and the belts 15 on the remainder of the cargo, the latter is sequentially deformed at the bend along the spinal beam. Due to deformation and transshipment, the flowability of cargo is increased, which is discharged through openings and discharge hatches. At the time of the rash of cargo residues from the last hatches, almost the majority of the liner 1 is located behind the opposite end of the gondola. With the subsequent continuation of the movement due to external force, the entire liner 1 is removed from the gondola car.

In the figures illustrating unloading, the liner is indicated as 1 (as well as the box), the remaining cargo is indicated by 19, and the shaft of the power (lifting and unloading) device located above the gondola is indicated by 20.

The box and panels of the inventive flexible liner are made from woven materials, mainly from a woven polymer sheet laminated on one or two sides, from a polymer film, for example polypropylene, cargo tapes, elements for connecting the parts of the liner are made from textiles, polymers, the connection of the box panels and the joining of the top-covering panels to it, the joining of elements for joining to them is carried out by stitching, gluing and other known methods. A flexible liner has the advantage, all parts of which are made of the same polymeric material, for example polypropylene fabric or polypropylene film and polypropylene tape, since such a disposable liner is easily disposed of by sending it for recycling.

If the gondola car has protruding parts on the external part of the body, elements for which the panels 7-10 can catch, then the latter are cut off after the insert is opened.

If the flexible liner is made in the form of a box made of woven material corresponding in size to the internal dimensions of the gondola car body and attached to its side and end parts using elements for connecting the tent (cover), then the tent (cover) is removed before unloading, and then after that the disclosures unload the open wagon in the same way as with the foregoing liner embodiment.

The proposed flexible liner and the method of unloading a gondola car are tested on the railway transportation of dispersed raw materials for the production of mineral fertilizers.

Example. 80 tons of Kovdor apatite concentrate were loaded into a liner corresponding to its size and shape to the dimensions of the interior of the body of a typical gondola car, shown in figures 1-2, and the sling of which was made of polypropylene tapes, the liner box was hermetically sealed by applying sheets and their linking with ribbons and loops. After transporting to a distance of 3400 km when opening bulk cargo, there were no traces of moisture and wind penetrating the cargo. Unloading a gondola car was carried out in accordance with the method according to the invention. The discharge scheme is illustrated by figures 4-6, and the sequence of actions is carried out, as described above. The remainder of the bulk cargo after it was unloaded through the formed openings was about 70 percent, the time for unloading the remainder from the liner and removing the empty liner from the gondola car body was 2 minutes, and the total unloading time for the gondola car was 40 minutes.

Similarly to the foregoing, the claimed method of unloading a gondola car with other types of liner, differing in the number of parts covering the box (panels, tents and their connection), as well as the type of slings and gripping elements, is carried out. At the same time, for disposable liners, when the liner is opened during unloading, the covering panels interfering with the removal of the remaining cargo can be cut off and removed.

In view of the foregoing, the flexible liner and the unloading method proposed as inventions can be widely used in rail transportation in gondola cars of caking and loose bulk cargoes.

Claims (13)

1. A flexible liner for transportation of bulk cargo in railway gondola cars made of flexible material, corresponding in size and shape to the inside of the gondola car body, equipped with an unloading device and means for connecting the parts of the liner, characterized in that the unloading device is made in the form of a cargo a sling connected to the bottom of the liner in its end part and provided with a gripping element. 2. Flexible liner according to claim 1, characterized in that the cargo sling is made in the form of a multi-link sling connected by links to the bottom of the liner. 3. The flexible liner according to claim 2, characterized in that the links of the multi-link sling are made in the form of cargo belts attached with ends to the bottom of the liner along its greater side with a gap relative to each other and protruding beyond the bottom at the end of the liner. 4. The flexible liner according to claim 3, characterized in that each cargo tape attached end to the bottom of the liner along its greater side and protruding beyond the bottom is divided in the protruding part into two belts, and the separated ends of the belts are provided with gripping elements that provide mutual connection of tapes. 5. Flexible liner according to claim 1, characterized in that the cargo sling is made in the form of a flexible panel attached to the bottom of the liner or which is a continuation of the bottom and assembled at the point of attachment to the gripping element. 6. The flexible liner according to claim 1, characterized in that the cargo sling is made in the form of a flexible cloth having the shape of a triangle, the base attached to the bottom of the liner or from the base being a continuation of the bottom, and the top attached to the gripping element. 7. The flexible insert according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains an additional device for unloading, made in the form of a second cargo line connected to the bottom of the insert in its second end part and provided with a gripping element. 8. The flexible liner according to claim 7, characterized in that the first and second cargo slings are made in the form of multi-link slings connected by links to the bottom of the liner in its opposite end parts. 9. The flexible liner according to claim 8, characterized in that the links of the first and second multi-link slings are made in the form of cargo belts attached by the ends to the bottom of the liner along its greater side with a gap relative to each other and protruding beyond the bottom at the corresponding end of the liner. 10. The flexible liner according to claim 7, characterized in that the first and second cargo slings are each made in the form of a flexible panel attached to the bottom of the liner or which is a continuation of the bottom and assembled at the point of attachment to the corresponding gripping element. 11. The flexible liner according to claim 7, characterized in that the first and second cargo slings are each made in the form of a flexible cloth having the shape of a triangle, the base attached to the bottom of the liner or from the base being a continuation of the bottom, and the top attached to the corresponding gripping element. 12. Flexible liner according to any one of paragraphs. 1-11, characterized in that the gripping element of the sling is made in the form of a cargo loop or ring. 13. The method of unloading a gondola car with bulk cargo placed in a flexible liner, which consists in the fact that the liner made of flexible material, corresponding in size and shape to the inside of the gondola car body, equipped with an unloading device and means for connecting the liner parts, is opened, open the unloading hatches located at the bottom of the gondola car, make holes in the liner at the openings of the hatches, act on the remainder of the load with the unloading device, remove the liner and the device for unloading from a gondola car, characterized in that the unloading device is made in the form of a cargo sling attached or attached to the end part of the liner and provided with a gripping element, the remainder of the cargo is impacted by attaching a gripping element of a cargo sling to a gripping element of a sling of a lifting and unloading device, applications due to the last external force to the gripping element of the cargo sling of the liner in the direction and during the time, ensuring the folding of the bottom of the liner in the end part of the insert and bottom displacement space to bend the opposite end of the liner, the external force is applied to the complete extraction of the insert from the gondola.

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