RU2656651C1 - Main firing device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: blasting operations.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of explosion engineering, to explosive charge firing device with non-contact triggering function, and can be used in automatic and under-barrel grenade launchers. Device includes an inertial contact sensor with a shock-activated element held in the starting position, a mechanism holding the movable element of the inert contact sensor in the starting position, made on the basis of a neodymium magnet. Firing device also includes a remote-action safety-and-arming device (SAD) with an electric detonator (ED) and a driven flap held in the starting position by a locking element containing a transfer charge of the explosive that is displaced from the ED axis, providing the firing device with the possibility of its closure by moving the flap and axial alignment of the transfer charge of explosive and ED. Electric circuit of the firing device is made open and includes a contactor, which is a pair of neodymium magnets with a closing contact moving under the influence of an overload, which in the starting position abuts one of the pair's magnets and has a connection to the power source. Another magnet of the pair is connected to a nichrome wire. As a flap drive, a magnetic drive is used, which is a pair of neodymium magnets. One magnet from each pair is mounted on the flap, and the opposite magnets are mounted on the body. As a fixing element of the flap, a nylon wire contacting with a nichrome wire is used, one end of which is fixed on the flap and the other on the body, with the possibility of its rupture when heated by a wire, which causes the flap to move to the operating position with simultaneous closure of the firing device's electric circuit.

EFFECT: functionality is increased, safety of handling is increased and dimensions are reduced.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of explosive technology, to detonators of explosive charges (non-explosive) with a non-contact actuation function, and in particular to remote combined fuses of double action, temporary and shock, triggered by inertial movement of mechanisms when they meet an obstacle and after a specified period of time from the moment shot, and can be used in automatic and underbarrel grenade launchers.

Known head fuse (patent RU 55120, publ. 07.27.2006), containing a safety cocking mechanism that holds the transverse slide gate in position when the detonator capsule installed in it is displaced relative to the fire chain, where the executive detonator is mounted, initiating the filling of ammunition, this safety mechanism includes a loaded spring stop, kinematically connected with the slide gate and supported by a pyrotechnic checker, which through distributed pyroelectric communication channels communicates with the ignition unit. The locking checker is made of puff from slag compositions, and the density of the pressing-in of the upper layer is chosen to be higher than the density of pressing-in of the lower layer, to which the communication channels filled with the pyrotechnic composition are located, located at a height from the interface of the layers, which is one third of the diameter of the checker, and in the lower end of the checker there is a central recess adequate to the supporting part of the stopper, the diameter of which is 1 / 3-1 / 2 of the diameter of the checker.

The safety mechanism has a pyrotechnic shutter stopper gate valve, which determines a large variation in cocking time due to different combustion parameters of the pyrotechnic composition. In case of unauthorized heating of the ammunition during storage, spontaneous combustion of the pyrotechnic composition may occur with the subsequent operation of the executive detonator mounted on the firing line, and the munition will be detonated, which is unacceptable in official handling

Another head fuse is known (patent RU 62229, publ. 27.03.2007), adopted as the closest analogue. The fuse includes a contact sensor, a safety-actuating mechanism (PIM) of a long-range cockpit with an electric detonator (ED), which is used as an executive detonator capsule, and moved by a drive with a slide gate, held in the starting position by a locking element containing the explosive transfer charge ( BB), which is offset relative to the axis of the ED, providing open firing circuit of the fuse with the possibility of its closure by moving the shutter and combining the gear for a number of explosives and ED. In the starting position, the ED is closed by a slide gate valve having a spring drive equipped with a rod stopper, which in service circulation is electrically short-circuited to an igniter device that interacts with the explosive transfer charge — a beam detonator capsule. The contact sensor is equipped with an inertial-reaction shock mechanism kinematically connected with the conical fairing of the housing. The power source is made in the form of an ampoule electrolytic battery electrically connected to the electronic control unit, the glass ampoule of which is mounted inside the plate electrodes above the headpiece, made in the form of a wedge or pyramid, with the possibility of longitudinal movement relative to it. The rod stopper is mounted on centrifugal carriages, while a microchip with a structural element control program is used as an electronic unit, which communicates with a receiving antenna mounted on a conical fairing, and the glass ampoule of the electrolytic battery is mounted on plate springs cantilevered to the disk base in the tangential direction, protruding above it in the direction of rotation of the ammunition, and loaded with a massive sleeve, in the central window of which is placed, above the metal lpachkom damping housing pin spring-loaded protrusion metal cap tapered fairing, resting on a helical spring mounted in the annular groove of the housing, operating collectively function inertial reaction mechanism.

A disadvantage of the known fuse is that it is designed for large overloads, and for small ones it is inoperative. In addition, due to the execution of the electric circuit of the fuse open, reduced handling safety. The use of a reaction mechanism complicates the design, increases the dimensions and also reduces security.

The technical result of the claimed invention is the expansion of functionality, increasing the safety of handling and reducing the size.
The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the head fuse, which includes an inertial contact sensor with the element held in the starting position, moved under the influence of shock load, the safety-actuating mechanism (PIM) of the long cocking with an electric detonator (ED) and the shutter held by the actuator held in the starting position, a fixing element containing a transfer charge of an explosive (BB), which is offset relative to the axis of the ED, providing open fire and a fuse, with its closure by moving the shutter and the axial alignment of the transmission explosive charge and ED. What is new is that the mechanism that keeps the movable element of the inert contact sensor in the starting position is made on the basis of a niode magnet, the electric circuit of the fuse is open and includes a contactor, which is a pair of niode magnets with a closing contact that is moved under the influence of overload and which adjoins in the starting position to one of the pair’s magnets and is connected to a power source, the other pair’s magnet is connected to a nichrome wire, as A magnetic drive was used, which consists of two pairs of niobium magnets, while the magnets of one pair are located with the same poles to each other and the opposite ones, the last pair at the same time serves as the closing contacts of the fuse circuit, one magnet from each pair of magnetic drive is mounted on the shutter and the magnets opposite to them on the case, as a fixing element of the shutter, they use a capron thread in contact with a nichrome wire, one end of which is fixed to the flap, and the other on the body, with the possibility of its rupture when heated by a wire, leading to the movement of the flap in working position with the simultaneous closure of the electric circuit of the fuse.

The use of a contact sensor, in which the mechanism that holds the movable element in the starting position, is based on a niode magnet, allows for small dimensions to ensure safety in service by returning the movable element to its original state, as well as to ensure response in a wide range of overloads (including at small angles of approach).

The implementation of the open circuit with the inclusion of a contactor, allows, in addition to improving the safety of handling, remove restrictions on the choice of power source, as well as part of the structural elements of the fuse, which allows to expand the functionality of the fuse and reduce its size.

The design of the contactor in the form of a single pair of niode magnets with a moving circuit-closing contact, which in the starting position adjoins one of the magnets of the pair and is connected to a power source, and the other magnet of the pair is connected to a nichrome wire, allows you to put the fuse into operation at any overloads, including small ones, without increasing dimensions and complicating the design. In this case, under adverse external conditions (fire), the magnets lose their property, thereby preventing from being triggered. In addition, it allows to minimize the range of operation overloads from a safe state to a worker, which allows the use of such a contactor in various types of fuses, ensuring safe handling.

The use of a magnetic drive of the shutter, which is two pairs of neodymium magnets, while the magnets of one pair are located with the same poles to each other, and the opposite are opposite, and one of the magnets of the pair is installed in the groove of the shutter, and the other opposite to it in the groove of the housing, dimensions of the structure, to increase safety, and also to be used in fuses of various ammunition, including in the absence of angular overloads.

The execution of one of a pair of magnets of the magnetic drive of the shutter at the same time as the function of the closing contacts of the electric circuit of the fuse makes it possible to simplify and miniaturize the design, to ensure synchronization of the closure of the fire and electric circuit, simplifying the algorithm for actuating the fuse, which expands the possibility of using it in various types of ammunition. In addition, the synchronization of the actuation of the fire and electrical circuits allows you to avoid additional protective equipment used with separate cocking.

The use of kapron filament as a fixing element of the damper, which is in contact with the nichrome wire, with one end fixed to the damper and the other on the housing, with the possibility of its rupture when heated by the wire, allows for a small size to ensure the speed of movement of the damper, which makes it possible apply in the design of fuses with different actuation distances. In this case, the melting point of the kapron filament is significantly higher than the temperature of loss of the properties of the magnets.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the inventive device, figure 2 - a shutter with an actuator and a locking element, where 1 is the fuse; 2 - contact sensor; 3 - ED; 4 - shutter; 5 - transfer charge; 6 - contactor; 7 - neodymium contact magnets; 8 - make contact of the contactor; 9 - nichrome wire; 10 - ndodymium magnets of the damper actuator installed by the same poles to each other; 11 - kapron thread; 12 - directional flaps; 13 - magnet contact sensor; 14 - movable element of the contact sensor; 15 - non-movable contact of the contact sensor; 16 - Ndodymium magnets of the damper actuator installed by opposite poles to each other.

An example of a specific implementation of the claimed device can be a remote combined head fuse of double action, temporary and shock, triggered by inertial movement of mechanisms when meeting with an obstacle and after a specified period of time from the moment of the shot. The fuse includes an aluminum cylindrical body with a detonation contact sensor located in it, the contacts of which are open, while one of the contacts is made in the form of a movable element and placed with a gap opposite the other contact. The movable element is a metal cylinder with a height of 4 mm and a diameter of 3.5 mm. The mechanism holding the movable element in the starting position is made on the basis of a cylinder-shaped neodymium magnet made in the shape of a cylinder, 2 mm high and 2 mm in diameter, to which the movable element adjoins in the starting position. The housing also houses a long-range PIM with ED and a flap that is moved by the actuator along the guides and held in the starting position by the locking element. The ED is made coaxial layout in accordance with patent RU 2343400 (publ. 10.01.2009). A through channel with a height of 3.8 mm and a diameter of 3.6 mm is made in the shutter, equipped with an explosive, which is a transfer charge displaced relative to the axis of the ED, ensuring the fuse circuit is open with the possibility of its closure by moving the shutter and axial alignment of the transfer charge and the ED. The electric circuit of the fuse is also open and includes a contactor, which is a pair of neodymium magnets with a contact moving under the influence of overload, which in the starting position adjoins one of the magnets of the pair and has a connection to the pyrotechnic current source located in the ammunition outside the fuse body. Niode magnets are made in the form of a washer 1 mm high and 5 mm in diameter. The make contact is a prefabricated structure consisting of three parts, the middle one is made of fiberglass and the extreme ones are made of steel alloy. One of the extreme parts, with which the make contact adjoins one of the magnets of the pair in the starting position, is made of a smaller diameter with a corrosion-resistant coating, and the other extreme part is coated with silver to provide better contact. Another magnet of the pair is connected to a nichrome wire (length 4.5 mm, diameter 0.05 mm), heated by applying voltage from a power source. As a damper actuator, a magnetic actuator is used, which is two pairs of rectangular niode magnets (one pair is 6 × 3 × 3 mm and the other is 6 × 2 × 2 mm). Larger magnets are located with the same poles to each other, while others are opposite. One magnet from each pair is installed in the grooves of the flap, other magnets from the pair are located opposite, in the grooves of the fuse box. A capron thread (15 tex thick) in contact with a nichrome wire is used as a fixing element of the shutter, one end of which is fixed to the shutter and the other to the body, with the possibility of it breaking when heated by a nichrome wire.

The fuse works as follows.

When fired from a grenade launcher under the influence of inertia from linear acceleration of the ammunition, the make contact 8 of the contactor 6 moves from one of the magnets 7 of the contactor 6 to another magnet, which is connected by a wire to a nichrome wire 9. When fired, a pyrotechnic current source placed outside the fuse case 1 (not shown) and applies voltage to the nichrome wire 9, which, when heated, burns the kapron thread 11, which is the lock of the shutter 4, and releases it. In this case, a pair of larger neodymium magnets 10, located relative to each other by like poles, are repelled by magnetic forces, and a pair of smaller neodymium magnets 16, located relative to each other by opposite poles, are attracted, bringing the shutter 4 with the transfer charge 5 to the working position, at which the fire chain closes. In this case, the axis of the ED 3 and the transfer charge are combined 5. At the same time, the electric circuit of the fuse closes. The rectilinear movement of the shutter 4 is provided by the guides 12. The fuse is ready for use. When the ammunition encounters an obstacle at the moment of impact, one of the contacts of the contact sensor 2, made in the form of a movable element 14, is detached from the magnet 13 of the contact sensor 2 by the action of inertia forces and, moving, enters into connection with another contact 15, closing the electric circuit ED 3, after which the ED is triggered.

T.O. the advantage of the claimed fuse is the possibility of its use in a wide range of classes of ammunition, relatively small dimensions, reliability of operation and safe handling.

Claims (1)

A head fuse, including an inertial contact sensor with an element held under the influence of shock loading held in the starting position, a long-range safety-actuator (PIM) with an electric detonator (ED) and a shutter moved by the actuator, held in the starting position by a locking element containing the explosive transfer charge substance (BB), which is offset relative to the axis of the ED, providing open fuse chain fuse with the possibility of its closure by moving bores and axial alignment of the transfer charge of explosive and electric drive, characterized in that the mechanism that holds the movable element of the inert contact sensor in the starting position is made on the basis of a niode magnet, the electric circuit of the fuse is open and includes a contactor, which is a pair of niode magnets with movable under the influence overload by a make contact, which in the starting position adjoins one of the magnets of the pair and is connected to a power source, the other magnet of the pair is connected nichrome wire, a magnetic actuator is used as a damper actuator, which consists of two pairs of neodymium magnets, while the magnets of one pair are located with the same poles to each other and the opposite ones, the last pair simultaneously serves as the closing contacts of the fuse electrical circuit, one magnet each each pair of the magnetic actuator is mounted on the shutter, and the magnets opposite to them are mounted on the housing, and the contact with the nichrome Oloka nylon filament having one end secured to the shutter and the other - on the housing, with the possibility of wire rupture during heating, resulting in displacement of the damper in operating position with simultaneous closure of the electric fuse circuit.

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