RU2219486C2 - Fuse with change-over of operating setting - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fuses with a change-over of the operating setting. SUBSTANCE: the fuse has the first and second sections installed for mutual axial motion and turning, a means for fixing of the mutual turning of the first and second sections, means for coupling the first and second sections made for releasing the fixing by mutual axial motion of the first and second sections directed opposite the axial components of the forced acting on the ammunition members at loading, in the process of the shot and the flight trajectory, firing circuit with the initial and final elements, means for setting of operation modes. The means for fixing, means for coupling and means for setting of operation modes are so made that the mutual axial motion and turning of the first and second sections are accomplished discretely with simultaneous setting of operation modes with any use of some fixtures, the condition of impossibility of releasing the fixing under the effect of torque applied to one of sections of the fuse relative to its other section. EFFECT: enhanced precision of remote operation. 11 cl, 9 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to fuses, namely fuses with switching operating modes, for example: to remote fuses with a preset distance, designed for the trajectory operation of various types of ammunition, including low-speed ones with a relatively small radius of action (from several tens to several hundred meters) grenades of grenade launchers, rifle (barrel) grenades; including to bottom fuses used with directed warheads (directed fragmentation, cumulative type “shock core”, etc.) and with non-lethal warheads for which it is unacceptable to throw striking elements that are pieces of a head fuse forward along ammunition flight direction; fuses with adjustable delay for penetrating ammunition, etc.

 Known bottom fuse (RU, 2125706 C1, F 42 C 1/06, 1997), which may contain a remote device in the form of a press fitting pyrotechnic compositions having a single installation on the time of remote action. It is known that pyrotechnic systems have a spread of burning time of ± 50%, so the accuracy of this system is not high. In addition, to conduct effective firing one installation on a remote action is not enough.

 Known fuse (US, 4281601, F 42 C 9/00, 1981), containing two mutually rotating parts, while the torque required for rotation is determined by the interaction of the split spring ring and the inclined surface, as well as the implementation of rough or toothed surfaces. The description (col. 3, lines 25-31) indicates that the torque required for the mutual rotation of the parts of the fuse goes beyond the capabilities of man. This is necessary to ensure the reliability and safety of the fuse in official circulation, to exclude the possibility of accidentally changing the installation of the fuse. Therefore, to install the fuse, it is necessary to use some device that is not part of the ammunition, for example, an installation key or wrench. Such devices are known, for example: EP 0507262 B1, F 42 C 17/00, 1992 or EP 0511749 A1, F 42 C 17/02. 1992.

 The use of any devices complicates the operation of ammunition with such a fuse, especially small-sized ammunition used by mobile units. In this case, the need to use any device reduces the mass of other wearable useful equipment, and the loss of such a device makes all the ammunition with this fuse inoperative.

 The sound and tactile sensations that occur when one part of the aforementioned fuse is rotated relative to its other part allows you to set the operating mode in complete darkness, however, accurate installation in the absence of visual control can only be done in a discrete way, and in this case, with smooth rotation only when turning all the way , which limits the possibility of precise installation in two positions.

 In addition, if the surfaces that impede the relative rotation of the fuse parts are roughened, then there is a critical value of the torque above which it is possible to overcome the static friction force and the relative relative rotation of the fuse parts without axial movement. And if the surfaces are made toothed so that the teeth have inclined interlocking surfaces, then the torque due to the interaction of the inclined surfaces of the teeth can lead to mutual axial movement of the parts of the fuse, which will lead to the removal of fixation.

 Known contactor for the safety mechanism of electric igniters (DE 3311621 C2, F 42 C 19/06, 1985), designed to connect an electric igniter to an electrical circuit. This system is intended for a single inclusion of an electric circuit and is unsuitable for use as a reusable multi-position switch.

 The problem to which this invention is directed is to create a fuse with discrete switching of operating modes that does not require any devices for the specified switching, does not have small-sized (less than the fuse diameter) control elements that allows multiple switching of operating modes in official use without using any devices and protected from unauthorized switching in official circulation, when fired and on the flight path for both rotating and non-rotating ammunition, including low-speed short-range, with high accuracy of remote operation. In addition, the fuse should provide the possibility of contact operation of ammunition, including with - adjustable delay.

This is achieved by the fact that the fuse has:
- the first and second parts installed with the possibility of mutual axial movement and rotation;
- means for fixing said mutual rotation of said first and second parts;
- a means of connecting the specified first and second parts, made with the possibility of removing the fixation by mutual axial movement of the specified first and second parts, directed opposite to the axial components of the forces acting on the elements of the munition during loading, during the shot and on the flight path;
- fire chain with start and end elements;
- a tool for setting operating modes,
wherein the fixing means, the connecting means and the means for setting the operating modes are made in such a way that the mutual axial movement and rotation of the indicated first and second parts is carried out discretely with the simultaneous setting of the operating modes without using any devices, and the fixing means is made from the condition that it is impossible to remove the fixation under the influence of a torque applied to one of these parts of the fuse relative to the other specified parts.

 In this case, the initial and final elements of the fire chain can be placed in the opposite parts of the fuse, for example, the initial element of the fire chain is placed in the first part of the fuse, and the final element of the fire chain in the second part of the fuse, or the initial element of the fire chain is placed in the second part of the fuse, and the final element of the fire chain is in the first part of the fuse.

 These parts of the fuse may have a device for transmitting a firing and / or detonation pulse.

 One of these parts of the fuse can be made with the possibility of fixing in the sleeve of a unitary shot and / or connection with the tail of the munition.

 The indicated parts of the fuse, as well as the means for connecting these parts, can be made from the condition that it is impossible to destroy the structure of the fuse under the influence of inertia acting on the fuse from the warhead of the munition during the shot.

 The fuse may contain a means of setting operating modes, which can be performed in the form of an electronic time-delay unit containing a programmable element, for a remote fuse, or in the form of a pyrotechnic time-delay device, a set of pyrotechnic moderators with different burning times and made in such a way that the combustion products of one retarders cannot initiate combustion of other retardants, - for a contact fuse with a delayed response.

 The fuse may include a long-range cocking device breaking the fire chain.

 The fuse may also contain a contact sensor of the target.

 The illustrations depict exemplary embodiments of the invention in the form of a contact remote fuse with a preset firing distance and a contact fuse with a preset firing delay.

In FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a fuse of the present invention, made in the form of a contact-remote fuse with means for setting operating modes in the form of an electronic timing unit;
figure 2 is a top view of the safety-actuating mechanism;
figure 3 is a section aa of figure 2, which shows the inertial contactor;
figure 4 is a side view and a section aa of the detonating assembly;
in FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an electrical circuit of a timing electronic unit;
in FIG. 6 - appearance of a grenade with a bottom remote fuse before installation in a sleeve (with a process clamp);
Fig.7 is a diagram of the job mode of operation of the bottom remote fuse (after installing the grenade in the sleeve);
in FIG. 8 is a longitudinal section of a fuse of the present invention, made in the form of a contact fuse with a pre-set delay of operation with means for setting operating modes in the form of a pyrotechnic time-setting device;
figure 9 is a functional diagram of an electronic timing unit.

 The fuse (see figure 1) contains the first part 1 and the second part 2 mounted coaxially. The means of connecting the parts of the fuse is a screw 3. The means of fixation comprises a cover 4 with grooves 5 and a base 6 with protrusions 7, as well as a spring 8. The means for setting operating modes is made in the form of an electronic timing unit 9 with contacts 10 and a socket 11 installed in the base 6.

 The first part 1 contains a housing 12, in which an electronic timing unit 9 is placed, the initial element of the fire circuit is an electric igniter 13, a power supply 14, a safety-actuating mechanism 15, a movable contact of the target sensor and a spherical inertial body 17, pressed by the bottom 18. The positive pole of the source power supply 14 is electrically connected to the housing 12. On the outside of the housing 12 there are installed safety sectors 19, which are secured prior to the installation of a grenade with a fuse in the sleeve of the process clamp 20, which rod 21 retain the ball 22 (see FIG. 2) from contact with the screw 23 (see FIG. 3).

 Contact 24 is electrically connected to the negative pole of power supply 14 and serves to verify it.

 Contact group 25 serves to verify the operation of the electronic timing unit 9.

 The second part 2 of the fuse contains a base 6 with a socket 11 installed therein, which is electrically connected to the housing 12, as well as a detonating assembly 26. At the base 6, through holes 27 are made, through which the fire pulse of the initial element of the fire chain - electric igniter 13 enters the detonating assembly 26.

 The first part 1 and the second part 2 are interconnected by a screw 3 and preloaded by a spring 8, while the radial protrusions 7 of the base 6 are included in the mating grooves 5 of the cover 4, fixing the first part 1 relative to the second part 2 in order to prevent their unauthorized rotation. The side walls of the protrusions 7 and the grooves 5 are made in such a way that they lie in planes normal to the direction of movement that occurs when the relative relative rotation of the first part 1 and second part 2.

 The target contact sensor is a normally open contact pair. The movable contact of the target sensor 16 is a flat spring contact isolated from the housing 12, including from the side of the spherical inertial body 14 using an elastic dielectric strip 28, and the fixed contact of the target sensor 29 is placed on the housing of the safety-actuating mechanism 15.

 The safety-actuating mechanism (see Fig. 2, 3) contains a dielectric housing 30, in which are placed: a stationary contact of the target sensor 29, a spring contact of the power supply 31, an inertial contactor 32 held in the upper position by the spring 33 and the cover 34, a flat split contact 35, fixed by a screw 23 and preloaded by a sleeve 36, as well as a ball 22, preloaded by a spring 37.

 In the lower part of the detonating assembly 26 (see FIG. 4), an annular groove 38 is made, connected to the radial grooves 39 in which the detonator caps 40 are installed. In addition, the detonating assembly 26 contains a transfer charge of the explosive 41, which is the final element of the fire chain membrane fuse 42.

The composition of the electronic timing unit 9 (see figure 5, 9) includes:
- voltage stabilizer, for example, MAX6141 (manufacturer Maxim Integrated Product, US):
- a timing circuit that can be performed, for example, using the PIC16C54B programmable integrated controller described in the following sources:
1.PIC 16/17 MICROCONTROLLER DATA BOOK 1996 Microchip technology Inc. Printed in the USA 10/96. DS000158B.

2. Single-chip microcontrollers. Microchip: P1C16C5X / Per. from English / Ed. A.N. Vladimirova. - Riga. OR-MIX. 1996, 120 p.,
while the accuracy of working out time in a wide temperature range can be provided, for example, by a thermally compensated clock RC-generator:
- a circuit for operating an electric igniter, in which, for example, a discharge of a tantalum capacitor C3 can be used through an electronic key on VT1-VT3 bipolar NPN transistors.

 Two sets of time intervals are programmed in the PIC16C54B. In this case, the choice of one of the two sets is made by the presence or absence of a signal (supply voltage) at the input "VREZH" (the presence or absence of an electrical connection between contacts 8 and 15, see figure 5) and is determined during the manufacture of the unit. The choice of one of seven time intervals within the same set is made by the presence or absence of a signal (supply voltage) at the inputs "TIME1" - "TIME7" (the presence or absence of an electrical connection between contacts 1-7 and 15 see Fig. 5) and is determined the mutual position of the contacts 10 and the socket 11 (see figure 1).

The capacitor C3 is charged from the power source by the charge resolution signal "C.ZAR" from the output "ZAR."
The operation of the electric igniter 13 occurs as a result of the discharge of the capacitor C3 according to the discharge enable signal "C. TIME" from the output "TIME".

 The use of a programmable processor allows the manufacture of the unit to set almost any values of the times of remote action without changing the electrical circuit. Thus, this fuse can be used in a wide range of ammunition of both short and long range.

 The first part 1 of the fuse can be connected to the tail stabilizer of ammunition 43, for example a grenade, and / or fixed in the sleeve 44 of a unitary shot (see Fig. 6, 7), and the second part 2 is connected to the warhead 45 of the grenade. In this case, the housing 12, the base 6 and the screw 3 are made from the condition of the impossibility of destruction of the fuse structure under the influence of inertia forces acting on the fuse from the side of the warhead 45 of the grenade during the shot.

 To set the mode of operation of the fuse (see Fig. 7), it is enough to move the warhead of the ammunition, which is the warhead 45 of the grenade and the second part 2 of the fuse, along the axis of the ammunition from its tail, which in this case is the first part 1 of the fuse connected to tail stabilizer 43 and secured in the sleeve 44, until the protrusions 7 (see Fig. 1) exit the grooves 5, as well as the contacts 10 from the socket 11 and the holes 27, and rotate the head of the ammunition relative to the tail of the ammunition discretely until the protrusions 7 and grooves 5 are aligned in accordance with the marks of the firing distance on the fuse body and the mark-pointer on the body of the warhead 43, after which, under the action of the spring 8 (see Fig. 1), the head of the munition will move along the axis of the munition to its original position. In this case, one of the contacts 10 of the electronic timing unit 9 through the socket 11 is electrically connected to the positive pole of the power source 14, which determines the time of remote operation, and the electric igniter 13 is opposite one of the holes 27. In the absence of an electrical connection to any of the contacts 10 s the positive pole of the power source 14 (when the socket 11 is located opposite the electric igniter 13), the electronic timing unit 9 is in standby mode signal from the contact sensor and.

The design described above is implemented in practice and has passed successful tests. The developed sample has seven settings for remote action and one setting for contact action. This ensures the accuracy of working off time intervals of remote action ± 4% in the temperature range from -30 ^o C to +50 ^o C.

 In official use, the fuse allows multiple discrete switching of operating modes and ensures accurate setting of the operating mode even without visual inspection (for example, in complete darkness - by counting a given number of discrete movements from the initial position). The force required to remove the fixation is 30-50 N and is characteristic of the controls of mine-explosive equipment (safety checks, etc.). In addition, changing operating modes requires the sequential execution of two different movements: axial movement and rotation. This allows, on the one hand, to switch operating modes without the use of any devices, and on the other, it eliminates the accidental change of the operating mode in official use. When loading, during the shot and on the flight path, a change in the operating mode is excluded even if the fuse is bottom and is located between the head and tail parts of the projectile (see Fig. 6), because the forces acting on the elements of the projectile (the force exerted when the projectile is sent to the barrel, the inertia force acting during the shot, and the ramping force acting on the trajectory) are directed opposite to the movement necessary to release the fixation.

In official use, the fuse is safe, which is achieved by the following:
- the electrical power circuit of the timing electronic unit 9 is broken by two safety devices: inertial contactor 32 and the safety rod 21.

When fired under axial overload:
- inertial contactor 32 (see figure 3), overcoming the resistance of the spring 33, goes down, where it engages with a flat split contact 35.

After departure from the bore:
- under the influence of the incoming air flow, the safety sectors 19 are separated from the fuse housing 12 and stop holding the safety rod 21, as a result of which the ball 22 comes into electrical contact with the screw 23 due to the force of the spring 37.

 Thus, the electronic timing unit 9 is supplied with voltage from the power source 14.

On the trajectory:
- after power is supplied, the electronic timing unit 9 starts counting the long-range cocking time and, at the same time, the remote-action time, or at the end of the long-range cocking time, enters the signal standby mode only from the target’s contact sensor, depending on the selected operating mode.

 As a result, after the time of distant cocking, the fuse is cocked.

 After the expiration of the remote action time or by the signal of the contact sensor of the target, the electronic timing unit 9 gives a signal to trigger the initial element of the fuse circuit - the electric igniter 13. The fire force of the electric igniter 13, passing through the hole 27 (or the hole of the socket 11 - depending on the selected mode), falls into the annular groove 38 of the detonating assembly 26, and from there into the radial grooves 39, initiating one or both of the detonator capsule 40, which causes the explosive charge 41 to trigger, and as with COROLLARY - 45 warhead.

 The contact action is carried out when meeting with the obstacle as follows: a spherical inertial body 17, rolling and / or sliding in the cavity of the bottom 18 under the influence of inertia arising from the interaction of the munition with the obstacle, electrically connects the moving contact of the target sensor 16 to the stationary contact of the target sensor 29 ( see Fig. 2, 3), which is a signal for the operation of the initial element of the fire chain - electric igniter 13.

 On Fig presents an implementation of the invention in the form of a contact fuse with a preset delay for the penetration of ammunition type. In this case, a higher error of counting the delay time is allowed, therefore, the fuse is made with a cheaper (compared to the electronic unit) means of setting operating modes — a pyrotechnic time-setting device. Depending on the angular position of the first part 1 and the second part 2 of the fuse, an electric igniter 13 is installed opposite one of the pyrotechnic moderators 46 located in the openings 27 connected to the environment by channels 47. Channels 47 serve to exhaust the combustion products of the moderator 46 mounted opposite the electric igniter 13, so that these combustion products do not break between the housing 12 and the cover 21 and initiate other moderators. To protect the moderators 46 from the environment, the channels 47 are closed by membranes 48, which are opened by the pressure of the combustion products of the moderators 46.

 Electric igniters may contain explosives and compositions with high sensitivity to shock loads that occur, for example, in the process of a shot. For this reason, in order to increase safety in official circulation and during firing, the fuse may contain a long-range cocking device breaking the fire chain in official circulation and during the shot. Such a device may be a spring-loaded shutter blocking the channel through which the fire pulse is transmitted from the electric igniter to the detonator capsule. Structurally, the long-range cocking device can be performed similarly to the rod 21, which is pushed out of the channel in which it was located, by the force of the spring 37 after the munition leaves the bore.

Claims (11)

1. The fuse containing the first and second parts, mounted with the possibility of mutual axial movement and rotation, means for fixing the mutual rotation of the first and second parts, means for connecting the first and second parts, made with the possibility of removing the fixation by the mutual axial movement of the first and second parts, directed opposite axial component of the forces acting on the elements of the ammunition during loading, during the shot and on the flight path, the firing chain with the initial and final elements, a means of setting modes work, while the fixing means, the connecting means and the means of setting the operating modes are made in such a way that the mutual axial movement and rotation of the first and second parts is carried out discretely with the simultaneous setting of operating modes without using any devices, and the fixing means is made from the condition of the impossibility of removal fixing under the influence of a torque applied to one of the parts of the fuse relative to its other part. 2. The fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that the initial and final elements of the fire chain are located in the opposite parts of the fuse. 3. The fuse according to claim 2, characterized in that the initial element of the fire chain is located in the first part of the fuse, and the final element of the fire chain in the second part of the fuse. 4. The fuse according to claim 2, characterized in that the initial element of the fire chain is located in the second part of the fuse, and the final element of the fire chain in the first part of the fuse. 5. The fuse according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the first and / or second parts of the fuse have devices for transmitting a firing and / or detonation pulse. 6. The fuse according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that one of the parts of the fuse is made with the possibility of fixing in the sleeve of a unitary shot and / or connection with the tail of the munition. 7. The fuse according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the fuse parts, as well as the means for connecting the parts, are made from the condition that the fuse structure cannot be destroyed by the inertia forces acting on the fuse from the side of the munition during the shot. 8. The fuse according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the means for setting the operating modes is an electronic time-setting unit containing a programmable element. 9. The fuse according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the means of setting the operating modes is a pyrotechnic time-setting device consisting of a set of pyrotechnic moderators with different burning times and made in such a way that the combustion products of one moderator cannot initiate the combustion of others moderators. 10. The fuse according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it comprises a long-range cocking device breaking the fire chain. 11. The fuse according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it contains a contact sensor of the target.

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