RU2656619C2 - Bulk material crushing device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for grinding bulk materials and can be used in agricultural production, in particular on cattle-breeding complexes and farms in the fodder preparation lines. Device for grinding bulk materials contains a fixed housing. Inside the fixed housing, two discs are horizontally and coaxially installed – lower and upper. On the lower rotating disk, alternating annular projections with through slots in the radial direction are formed. On the upper fixed disk, replaceable blades are made in the form of a diamond with small sharpening angles of relatively large diagonals. In this case, the outer row of blades with variable inclination angles forms a separating surface, allowing infinitely to regulate the degree of grinding of the material by changing the angle of inclination. In this case, through grooves on the lower disk are made at an inclination in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the disk.

EFFECT: in the grinding device, a reduction in the power consumption of the drive mechanism is achieved by improving the material crushing conditions.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for grinding bulk materials, can be used in agricultural production on livestock complexes and farms in the lines for the preparation of feed, in animal feed, food and other industries.

A device for grinding bulk materials is known, including a housing in which two disks with alternating annular protrusions are mounted horizontally and coaxially, in which there are radial grooves through the grooves, with a guide plate in the form of a screw mounted along the vertical wall of the receiving chamber, the upper end of which is attached to the loading pipe, and the lower one is placed with the formation of a gap between it and the bottom of the receiving chamber [RF patent No. 49735, IPC V02C 13/22. Device for grinding bulk materials / N.S. Sergeev, A.P. Konshin, V.N. Nikolaev. - No. 2005121946/22; declared 07/11/2005; publ. 12/10/2005].

The disadvantage of this device is the increased power on the drive and the metal structure of the device for grinding bulk materials through the use of two rotating disks.

In addition, another disadvantage of this device is the low efficiency of the guide plate installed in the receiving chamber, and low productivity.

The closest in technical solution and the achieved result to the proposed invention relates to a device for grinding bulk materials, including a stationary case, inside of which are horizontally and coaxially mounted two rotating discs with alternating ring protrusions, on the lower of which there are through grooves in the radial direction, and on the upper removable knives are installed on the disk [RF patent No. 1464644, IPC V02C 13/00. Device for grinding bulk materials / V.A. Sukhlyaev, A.A. Molin, I.N. Mezlyakov. - No. 20133130636/13; declared 07/03/2013; publ. 10/20/2014, bull. No. 29] is a prototype.

The disadvantage of this device is also the increased power on the drive and the metal structure of the device for grinding bulk materials through the use of two rotating disks.

The installation of wedge-shaped knives on the upper disk determines, as they wear, the presence of an additional change kit, which leads to an increase in the cost of the finished product.

When performing through rectangular grooves on the lower disk, impact cutting of the crushed material is carried out, which leads to increased power costs for the disk drive.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the device for grinding bulk materials containing a fixed body, inside of which two disks are horizontally and coaxially mounted, alternating ring protrusions with through grooves in the radial direction are made on the lower rotating disk, and replaceable knives are installed on the upper disk , the upper disk is fixed, and interchangeable knives are made in the form of a rhombus with small sharpening angles with respect to large diagonals, while the outer row of knives with variable angles and the inclination forms a separating surface, which allows steplessly controlling the degree of grinding of the material by changing the angle of inclination, and the through grooves on the lower disk are made obliquely in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the disk.

As a result of the analysis of literary sources, no identical execution of the proposed device was found. Moreover, distinctive features from the prototype signs give the claimed combination of new properties, manifested in a positive effect.

When installing the upper disk, the energy costs for its drive are motionlessly eliminated, the metal consumption of the device structure is reduced due to its simplicity, and accordingly the material costs for the manufacture of the grinder are also reduced.

When making knives in the form of a rhombus, when the cutting side is worn, it is replaced by the other side by turning the knife 180 °, that is, you can use both faces of the knives alternately as they wear, which eliminates the use of additional interchangeable knives, which reduces the cost of the finished product. Sharpening knives with small angles of relatively large diagonals results in a better cut quality of the crushed material with less energy.

The separating surface of the upper disk, formed by the outer row of teeth with variable tilt angles, allows you to steplessly control the degree of grinding of bulk material and, accordingly, reduce the labor costs of obtaining the finished product.

When performing through grooves on the lower disk at an angle to the side opposite to the direction of rotation of the disk, sliding cutting of the crushed material is ensured, which leads to a reduction in the power consumption of the disk drive.

As a result, during the operation of the proposed device, a positive effect is achieved that exceeds the effect of the prototype. A new set of features of the claimed device, providing a positive effect, has significant differences.

The figure 1 shows a General view of the device for grinding bulk materials, Figure 2 is a General view of the lower disk, Figure 3 is a General view of the upper disk.

A device for grinding bulk materials consists of a fixed housing 1 with boot 2 and output 3 nozzles. Two rotating adjacent disks are coaxially installed inside the case: the upper 4 and the lower 5. On the working surface of the lower disk 5, annular protrusions 6 are made, and on the working surface of the upper disk 4 there are knives 7, which are made in the form of a rhombus with small sharpening angles with respect to large diagonals, moreover, the outer row of knives 8 forms a separating surface, the change in the angle of inclination of which allows steplessly controlling the degree of grinding of the material. The lower disk 5 has in the radial direction through grooves 9 made at an angle to the side opposite to the direction of rotation of the disk. The lower disk 5 is mounted on the flange of the drive shaft 10 and rotated by means of a pulley 11 mounted on it. The upper disk 4 is rigidly fixed to the fixed housing 1. In the upper part of the fixed housing there is a receiving chamber 12, which is formed by vertical walls. The receiving chamber 12 in the upper part is in communication with the loading pipe 2 and through the radial windows 13 is connected to the working chamber 14, which is the space between the disks 4 and 5.

A device for grinding bulk materials is as follows.

Bulk material is fed into the loading pipe 2, from which it fills the receiving chamber 12. The crushed material through the radial windows 13 of the receiving chamber 12 enters the working chamber 14 between the upper stationary disk 4 and the rotating lower disk 5. Passing under the action of centrifugal forces along the radial through grooves, the material is crushed by means of a cut on cutting pairs formed by adjacent edges of adjacent protrusions of the counter plate 6 and knives 7. The material being crushed, being exposed to the first cutting pair, moves Under the action of centrifugal forces through the grooves to the next pairs, and then, reaching the outer row of knives 8, which form a separating surface, passes into the gap between the knives 8 and, under the influence of the air flow created by the rotating lower disk 5, leaves the housing 1 through the outlet pipe 3.

The advantage of the invention in comparison with the prototype is to reduce the cost of power to drive the mechanisms of the device by improving the grinding conditions of the material, reducing metal consumption due to the simplicity of design, as well as reducing labor costs for obtaining the finished product.

Claims (1)

A device for grinding bulk materials containing a stationary case, inside of which two disks are horizontally and coaxially mounted, alternating ring protrusions with through grooves in the radial direction are made on the lower rotating disk, and removable knives are installed on the upper disk, characterized in that the upper disk is fixed and replaceable knives are made in the form of a rhombus with small sharpening angles with respect to large diagonals, while the outer row of knives with variable tilt angles forms a separating over awn allowing steplessly adjust the degree of comminution of the material by changing the inclination angle, and the through-grooves formed on the lower disc at an angle in the direction opposite to the rotation direction of the disc.

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