RU2655770C1 - Super high frequency installation with portable cylindrical resonators for drying down and fur material continuously - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to drying equipment and can be used in farms for drying and disinfecting jackets of rabbits, nutria, mink, fox, Arctic fox, sable, otter, muskrat and so on. Ultrahigh-frequency installation with movable cylindrical resonators for drying fur-and-fur raw material in continuous mode is represented as inclined cylindrical shielding tube 1 made of non-ferromagnetic material. Inside the pipe there are non-ferromagnetic disks 4, a radius less than the internal radius of the pipe. Gap must not exceed a quarter of the wavelength, this will ensure the radio-tightness of the installation in the absence of the first and last capacitors formed between non-ferromagnetic disks 4 of microwave generators 7. Between the non-ferromagnetic disks 4 there are radio-transparent perforated spheres 5 made of two hemispheres, to which radio-transparent corrugations 3 of the raw material are placed. Due to the inclination to a certain angle, non-ferromagnetic disks 4 are moved by rollers along the guides laid along the inner side surface of cylindrical shielding tube 1, and perforated spheres 5 move in the process of rotation along the trajectory of the cycloid. Microwave generators 7 and exhaust fans 6 are arranged alternating along the lateral surface of cylindrical shielding tube 1 from the outside. Angle of inclination of the shielding body can be changed by means of special mechanism 2 with a clamp attached to it. End surfaces of the cylindrical shielding tube 1 perform the functions of the loading and unloading nozzles because of the absence of the radiator 7 above the first and last capacitances between the non-ferromagnetic disks 4.

EFFECT: proposed ultrahigh-frequency installation with movable cylindrical resonators for drying the fur-and-fur raw material ensures the acceleration of the drying process, reducing energy consumption, improving the quality of drying with the simultaneous disinfection of fur-and-fur raw materials.

1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to drying equipment and can be used on farms for drying and disinfecting the skins of rabbits, nutria, mink, fox, arctic fox, sable, otter, muskrat, etc.

The technology for processing rabbit skins includes the following procedures: washing, the drying process, the degreasing operation, the preparation of skins, the pickling of skins, the skimming of skins, tanning, the fatliquoring, drying and finishing of skins [1, 2]. Tanning allows you to change the properties of the skin and hairline. In this case, tanning substances of different chemical composition interact, which improves the elasticity of the skin and increases the tensile strength. To do this, the skins are placed in clean water at a temperature of 40 ° C, where washing powder is added at the rate of 1 teaspoon per liter, and soaked for 3 ... 4 hours. Skins aged in water gain greater strength and bending elasticity. At the same time, measures are also taken to destroy the pathogenic bacteria present on the skin by adding 1 ml per 1 liter of formalin to the solution. After soaking the skins, they are cleaned of the subcutaneous fat and muscle layer and subcutaneous tissue is removed, i.e. carry out the process of staining. Next, the rabbit skin is dressed (pickling). The process consists in treating the skins with a special saline-acid solution to clean the adhesive layer of the mesdra and increasing the strength and softness of the skin, after which the skin is stretched to the rules. The hides dried after tanning are soaked in a greasy solution to prevent them from drying out and cracking, after which the hides are folded and left to stand for 12 hours, after which they are subjected to final drying in a stretched form. Skins processed in this way can be stored indefinitely until their subsequent dressing and assembly into the product [1, 2].

Drying rabbit skins is the final procedure. In the basic version, the skins of rabbits are straightened according to the rules and left to dry in the open air away from sunlight and heating appliances. But with this method, it is difficult to regulate the drying of skins according to the rules, and the quality of fur and fur raw materials leaves much to be desired.

There is a dryer for fur and fur raw materials [3], where the energy source is a high-frequency generator with a frequency of 40.68 MHz. From the point of view of operation, this installation is very complex, and energy costs are quite high.

The technological result is aimed at accelerating the drying process with reduced energy costs, improving the quality of drying while disinfecting fur and fur raw materials.

The technical result.

A microwave installation with mobile cylindrical resonators for drying fur materials in continuous operation is characterized by the fact that non-ferromagnetic disks are located inside a cylindrical shielding pipe of non-ferromagnetic material mounted at an angle, with a radius less than the radius of the shielding pipe, but not more than a quarter of the wavelength,

moreover, between the non-ferromagnetic disks there are radio-transparent perforated spheres made of two hemispheres, where the radio-transparent rules with raw materials are placed,

while the disks move with the help of rollers along the guides laid along the inner side surface of the cylindrical shielding pipe, and the perforated spheres moves during rotation along the cycloid path,

moreover, microwave generators and exhaust fans are placed alternating along the lateral surface of the cylindrical shielding pipe from the outside, containing a mechanism for adjusting its angle

at the same time, the end bases of the cylindrical shielding pipe serve as loading and unloading nozzles due to the absence of a radiator above the first and last capacities between non-ferromagnetic disks.

In FIG. 1 shows a spatial image of a microwave installation with mobile cylindrical resonators for drying fur and fur raw materials in a continuous mode (in section):

1 - a cylindrical shielding housing made of non-ferromagnetic material in the form of a pipe; 2 - a mechanism for adjusting the angle of inclination of the cylindrical shielding housing; 3 - radiolucent rules; 4 - non-ferromagnetic disks; 5 - radiolucent perforated spheres made of two hemispheres; 6 - exhaust fans; 7 - microwave generators.

In FIG. 2 shows a spatial image of a microwave installation with mobile cylindrical resonators for drying fur and fur raw materials in a continuous mode (front view);

In FIG. 3 shows a spatial image of a shielding enclosure with microwave generators and exhaust fans.

In FIG. 4 shows a spatial image of a radio-transparent perforated hemisphere, with the location of the radio-transparent rules.

In FIG. 5 shows a spatial image of a non-ferromagnetic disk with a radius smaller than the radius of the shielding pipe.

Microwave installation (Fig. 1-5) with mobile cylindrical resonators for drying fur-fur raw materials in a continuous mode contains:

a cylindrical shielding housing 1 made of non-ferromagnetic material in the form of a pipe; a mechanism for adjusting the angle of inclination of the cylindrical shielding housing 2; radiolucent rules 3; non-ferromagnetic disks 4; radiolucent perforated spheres 5 made of two hemispheres; exhaust fans 6; microwave generators. 7.

The microwave installation with mobile cylindrical resonators to ensure continuous operation is presented in the form of a pipe 1 made of non-ferromagnetic material. It performs the function of a shielding case and is mounted on a mounting base so that it contains mechanisms for adjusting the angle of inclination 2. Inside the shielding pipe 1, non-ferromagnetic disks 4 and radiolucent perforated spheres 5, made of two hemispheres, are alternated. Moreover, the diameter of the non-ferromagnetic disks 4 is less than the diameter of the shielding pipe, so that the disks with the help of rollers can move freely along the guides having on the inner generatrix of the pipe 1. The inner diameter of the shielding pipe 1 is larger than the diameter of the disk 4 by no more than a quarter wavelength. This will allow to keep to the maximum the radio tightness of the cylindrical resonators formed between the non-ferromagnetic disks 4, where the translucent perforated spheres 5 are made of two hemispheres. Inside the translucent perforated spheres 5 are placed radiolucent rules of raw materials 3. On the side surface of the shielding pipe 1 from the outside there are microwave generators 7 and alternating exhaust fans 6. Moreover, the microwave generators 7 are arranged so that from the end faces of the shielding pipe 1 a gap is left equal to the distance to accommodate one sphere 5 and the non-ferromagnetic disk 4.

The technological process of drying and disinfection of fur-fur raw materials by the action of an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency in a continuous mode is as follows.

Tilt installation 1 to a certain angle using a special mechanism 2. Put each rule in advance with fur and fur raw materials into the inside of sphere 5, revealing hemispheres. For this, fixing elements are provided in the hemispheres, which allow opening the hemispheres. Turn on the exhaust fans 6. Load the non-ferromagnetic disks 4 and perforated radiolucent spheres 5 into the non-ferromagnetic pipe 1 alternating. Thus, movable cylindrical resonators are formed between the non-ferromagnetic disks 4. The inclination of the installation 1 ensures the movement of non-ferromagnetic disks 4 due to the attached rollers located in the guides, and the rotation of the radiolucent spheres 5. Perforated radiolucent spheres 5, inside which the radiolucent rules 3 are stacked, rotate in the volume of movable cylindrical resonators (between the disks 4), describing the cycloid ( a cycloid is a curve described by a point fixed in a circle rolling without sliding in a straight line). This contributes to the rotation of the rules with the raw materials in the cylindrical resonator, providing a uniform effect of the electromagnetic field of an ultrahigh frequency on the raw materials. As the cylindrical resonators with radiolucent perforated spheres 5 are filled in, where the rules for raw materials 3 are laid down, the corresponding microwave generators should be turned on 7. Due to the fact that the first and last capacitance between the non-ferromagnetic disks 4 do not perform the functions of volume resonators, then in the process of continuous supply radiolucent perforated spheres 5 into the shielding pipe 1, the radiation flux from microwave generators 7 located above the subsequent resonators is limited by two eferromagnitnyh disc 4. Due to the fact that the arrangement of the microwave generator 7 and exhaust generators 6 alternates, repeated exposure to ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic field alternating pause. In the volumes where the emitters from the microwave generators 7 are directed, the microwave electromagnetic field is excited, while the fur-fur raw materials in the translucent perforated spheres undergo endogenous heating. Further, when moving the disks, radiolucent spheres with fur-fur raw materials will be under an exhaust fan, where moist air is removed and pressure, temperature, humidity are equalized throughout the structure of endogenously heated raw materials, which ensures uniform drying. Moisture evaporated from the raw material is removed through perforation of the radiotransparent sphere 5 with the help of exhaust pumps 6 outside the shielding housing 1.

As the radiolucent sphere 5 with dried fur material is unloaded through the unloading end face of the shielding housing 1, the next perforated sphere is loaded with the processed fur material and the next non-ferromagnetic disk is sent through the loading end. In the process of repeated exposure to an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency, fur and fur raw materials are disinfected. In this case, the duty cycle of the process (the ratio of the duration of exposure to EMFHF to the duration of the cycle, i.e., to the sum of the duration of exposure and pause) is 0.5. Such a duty cycle can provide equalization of pressure, temperature and humidity throughout the structure of the feedstock. The duration of exposure to an electromagnetic field of ultra-high frequency on the raw material is regulated depending on the type of size of the skins. Being repeatedly in an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency, the fur-fur raw material is heated to a temperature of not more than 60 ° C.

The heat generation rate can be controlled by controlling the power of microwave generators. The performance of the installation depends on the number of microwave generators.

The formed containers between the mobile disks perform the functions of volumetric resonators with alternating capacities, from where moist air is removed by means of exhaust pumps.

Information sources

1. Ivashov, V.I. Technological equipment of meat industry enterprises / V.I. Ivashov. - M .: Kolos, 2001 .-- 552 p. (p. 74).

2. Peleev, A.N. Equipment for shooting and equipment for shooting and processing hides at meat processing plants. - M.: Food Industry, 1968. - 162 p.

3. RF patent 2011682, IPC С14В 1/58. A dryer for fur and fur raw materials / Tsuglenok N.V., Zaitsev V.E., Novikova G.V., Nemkov S.N .; applicant and patent holder Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University. - No. 4907723/12; declared 02/04/1991; publ. 04/30/1994.

Claims (5)

A microwave installation with mobile cylindrical resonators for drying fur materials in continuous operation is characterized by the fact that non-ferromagnetic disks are located inside a cylindrical shielding tube of non-ferromagnetic material installed at an angle, with a radius smaller than the tube radius, but not more than a quarter wavelength, moreover, between the non-ferromagnetic disks are translucent perforated spheres made of two hemispheres, which are placed radiotransparent rules of raw materials, while the disks move with the help of rollers along the guides laid along the inner side surface of the cylindrical shielding pipe, and the perforated spheres move during rotation around their axis, moreover, microwave generators and exhaust fans are placed alternating along the lateral surface of the cylindrical shielding pipe from the outside, containing a mechanism for adjusting its angle at the same time, the end bases of the cylindrical shielding pipe serve as loading and unloading pipes, due to the absence of a radiator above the first and last capacities between non-ferromagnetic disks.

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