RU2652936C1 - High-speed two-axle wheeled cross-country vehicle on low pressure tires with combined control system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transportation.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions refers to a high-speed biaxial wheeled cross-country vehicle and a method for controlling a off road vehicle. Cross-country vehicle contains a gasoline engine or turbodiesel, transmission, suspension, steering control system. Steering system is a combined steering system and includes a car-type steering with both steer axles and a counter-rotation and tractor-type control using twin side clutches. Method is that when driving the steering mechanism rotates the transverse shaft of the rocker. Rotating on the axis of the transverse shaft, rocking arm shifts the steering rods in antiphase along the sides, turning the front axle wheels in one direction, and the wheels of the rear axle in the opposite direction by a small angle. For a sharp turn or turn on spot with the help of twin side friction clamps is disabled, and the separate bead is blocked by a braking system while simultaneously transmitting the torque to the opposite side.

EFFECT: provided a higher cross-country ability and maneuverability of the off-road vehicle.

11 cl, 5 dwg, 2 photos

Description

The invention relates to vehicles - all-terrain vehicles, designed to move in particularly difficult off-road conditions at any time of the year and on any type of surface.

Currently, many different off-road vehicles have been created. At the same time, they are constantly being improved, made for specific purposes, trying to surpass existing types.

In accordance with the purpose of the all-terrain vehicle, each of its nodes must be designed and arranged in such a way as to be able to maximize the off-road properties of the vehicle.

One of the priority areas for improving the off-road properties of an all-terrain vehicle is to control the direction of movement.

High-cross-country vehicles are known in the prior art, the power transmission of which consists of an engine, a clutch, a gearbox, a differential, two brakes, two half shafts, four final drive chains, which transmit torque from the engine to the left and right drive wheels independently of each other and create a difference in their angular velocities due to the braking of the axle shafts. The use of the above mechanisms in a power transmission allows you to transmit torque from the engine to the left and right drive wheels independently of each other. Slowing the rotation of the wheels on one side of the all-terrain vehicle is done by braking the driving wheels of the left or right side with the help of brakes, which are actuated by special levers from the driver's cab. With a difference in angular velocities, the all-terrain vehicle is rotated in the direction whose wheels rotate at a lower angular velocity. Thus, a change in the direction of movement of the all-terrain vehicle is carried out when the driver acts on the control levers. At the same time, force effects from surface irregularities are not transmitted to his hands. As a result, less effort is required to control the all-terrain vehicle, reducing driver fatigue (RU 134484 U1, publ. 11/20/2013).

In addition, the use of the side turn allows you to increase the usable volume, which is freed up due to the absence of turning wheels.

A disadvantage of the known design is the circulation of "parasitic" power in the transmission, leading to overloaded transmission parts, increased fuel consumption and tire wear.

The closest technical solution, selected as a prototype, is a cross-country vehicle that uses a combined steering control system, in which the rotation is carried out by turning the steered wheels and changing the ratio of wheel speeds of different sides. For example, General Dynamics UK’s AHED has steered wheels for two front axles, and electric wheels allow on-board turning.

Armored car AHED (photo 1, see the end of the description).

The Russian army is armed with an BTR-90 with an on-board power distribution, which is equipped with a combined turn control system consisting of steered wheels of 2 front axles and a hydraulic volumetric turning mechanism (GOMP) (Automotive Engineers Magazine No. 4 (57), 2009. Dynamic assessment Agility of a wheeled vehicle 8X8 with an integrated steering control system Kotiev G.O., Doctor of Technical Sciences, prof. / Chernyshev N.V., Assistant / Gorelov V.A., Ph.D., Assoc. MSTU. Bauman).

BTR-90 with onboard power distribution (photo 2, see the end of the description).

The combined cornering control system disclosed above is efficient, but complex and expensive.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a vehicle with high cross-country ability with increased operational reliability, high cross-country ability when operating in off-road conditions.

The technical result achieved in solving this problem is to increase operational reliability, maneuverability, expanding operational capabilities and improving conditions for maneuvering the vehicle by improving the layout of the chassis, the location of the wheel suspensions and the combined steering control system.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the high - speed biaxial wheeled all-terrain vehicle contains a gasoline engine or turbodiesel with a volume of 1.4 - 2.2 liters, mounted transversely relative to the longitudinal axis of the all-terrain vehicle, a transmission, a suspension, a combined steering control system, comprising: both steered axles and oncoming turns,

 while the longitudinal suspension arms are at the same time the steering link and are fixed through ball joints on the rockers of the transverse shaft, which is turned by the link from the steering mechanism, shifting the longitudinal link arms in antiphase along the sides, and the drive shafts of the wheels are simultaneously transverse link arms;

- tractor type control using dual side clutches,

the length of the all-terrain vehicle (pneumatic passage) on the tires is not more than 4000 mm, the width is not more than the transport dimension, the ground clearance is not less than 600 mm, with the installation of low-pressure wheels of two types: 1450X500-24 - type "Herringbone" or 1540X500X-24 -type "Gear".

In this case, the all-terrain vehicle can have both a mechanical transmission, which includes an automatic / mechanical gearbox mounted transversely relative to the longitudinal axis of the all-terrain vehicle, from which torque is transmitted by chains to the sprockets of the drive shafts, and a hydraulic transmission, which includes a hydraulic pump, from which through pipelines high-pressure hydraulic fluid is supplied to the stroke motors, and further from them, torque is transmitted by chains to the sprockets of the drive shafts. All-terrain vehicle movers contain wheel gears, the driving gear of each is steel, the driven gear screwed to the wheel rim is made of heavy-duty polymer, and the wheel gear housing is the axis of the wheel, which is mounted on a large diameter bearing.

Wheel disks are made displacement, airtight, allowing to overcome water barriers due to the displacement of tires and high lugs on wheels.

The all-terrain vehicle has the ability to install removable tracks on the wheel movers, and when driving on a caterpillar track, the steering wheel is locked and the machine is controlled by levers.

For comfort and transportation, the all-terrain vehicle body has six seats, of which four rear are transformed into two sleeping spaces, front and rear doors with openable windows, heat insulation, conventional or double glazing, sunroof, air conditioning heater. The all-terrain vehicle has the ability to articulate with a similar all-terrain vehicle.

A method for controlling an all-terrain vehicle comprising an engine, transmission, suspension, a combined steering control system comprising automobile-type steering with both steered axles and oncoming bend, and tractor-type steering using dual side clutches, with the possibility of using both jointly and separately.

The all-terrain vehicle in most situations is driven by a steering wheel that, through the steering mechanism, turns the wheels of the front and rear axles in opposite directions by a small angle equal to about 8-9 ° and having a maximum turning radius of not more than 8.5 meters. In the formula, such a turn of the wheels is disclosed as an oncoming turn and is named as automobile-type steering. If you need a sharp turn-around or turn-around in place with the help of dual side clutches, it turns off and a separate board is blocked by the brake system while transmitting torque to the opposite side. In the formula, such a view is disclosed as a tractor type control.

The invention is illustrated by drawings of an all-terrain vehicle, which shows:

figure 1 - mechanical transmission of an all-terrain vehicle;

figure 2 - hydraulic transmission of an all-terrain vehicle;

figure 3 - transmission with a combined control system of rotation and suspension arms;

figure 4 - the mechanism of rotation of the wheels with wheel gears;

figure 5 is a diagram of the suspension.

The device and principle of operation of the invention are illustrated by drawings. Figure 1 shows the kinematic diagram of the power transmission of an all-terrain vehicle. It consists of engine 1 and a transmission. The torque from the engine is transmitted through the gearbox 2. The output shaft of the gearbox 2 is connected to the drive shaft 8 of the drive sprocket 6, which has a support 7 mounted, for example, on the engine housing. Chain transmission from the drive sprocket to the torque is transmitted to the sprocket of the double side clutch 4, on the shaft of which 22 there is a clutch 23 for disconnecting the front axle drive and brake calipers 5a. From the shaft 22, the chain drive transmits the torque to the drive shafts 10 of the wheels 3. The wheels 3 of the all-terrain vehicle contain wheel reducers 14, the drive gear 24 of each is steel, the driven gear 25, screwed to the wheel rim, is made of heavy-duty polymer, and the wheel gear housing is the wheel axis which is mounted on a large diameter bearing.

Figure 2 shows the hydraulic transmission diagram, which includes a hydraulic pump 18, from which hydraulic fluid is supplied through high pressure pipes to the hydraulic motors 19 of the stroke, and then they transfer torque to the chain wheels of the drive shafts 3.

If necessary, maneuver the driver turns the steering wheel in the direction of rotation. The steering mechanism 9 rotates the wheels of the front axle in the direction of the planned rotation, and the wheels of the rear axle in the direction opposite to the side of the planned direction of rotation. The wheels 3 of the front and rear axles are rotated by a small angle equal to about 8-9 ° and having a maximum turning radius of not more than 8.5 meters. This radius is enough for a full ride, both on off-road conditions and on public roads. If a sharp turn-around or turn-around is necessary, the wheels of one side are locked with the help of dual side clutches while transmitting torque to the opposite side.

From the point of view of controllability during high-speed movement on rough terrain, an independent suspension design is most preferable. First of all, this is due to the smaller volume of its unsprung masses, greater energy intensity and less tendency to roll.

 In the invention, the trailing link 11 is simultaneously a steering link. All the longitudinal levers are fixed through ball joints on the rockers 13 of the transverse shaft 12. In this case, the steering mechanism 9 rotates the rocker 13 around its axis. The rocking chair acts on the steering rods 11, which are simultaneously longitudinal suspension arms that rotate the wheels of the front axle in one direction, and the wheels of the rear axle in the other direction, the so-called oncoming turn

Suspension - swinging axle shaft. As the axis of swing of the lever is the drive shaft 10, which is simultaneously a transverse suspension arm.

The wheel gear housing is the axis of the wheel. The wheel is mounted on a large diameter bearing. The driving gear of the wheel gearbox is steel, driven, screwed to the wheel rim of heavy-duty polymer. Wheel displacement, sealed.

On all-terrain vehicles with pneumatic travel, wheels of extra-large diameter and width with low internal pressure are used. Extremely low pressure on the ground allows you to not damage the surface of soils, plants, and also provides buoyancy and controllability on the water due to developed lugs.

Thus, an all-terrain vehicle was created, the main advantages of which are the following compared to other cross-country vehicles:

- In difficult conditions, an all-terrain vehicle will go along a swamp and other weakly bearing surface with constant traction on all wheels, without braking the side

- The rotation is carried out under traction, not braking the side, which will prevent the stall from slipping on slippery surfaces

- Lack of tightening through the windows in the swamp

- Steering without breaking the surface when turning

- Following the rear wheels along the front track

- Use of side turn only if necessary

- Smooth taxiing when driving on public roads

- High speed thanks to the suspension and steering

- ride

- Large body volume due to small steering angles

At the same time, the proposed design of the transmission of a light wheeled all-terrain vehicle on ultra-low pressure tires ensures its high throughput, eliminates the circulation of “parasitic” power, which reduces the load on the parts, reduces fuel consumption and reduces tire wear.

Positions in the drawings:

 1 - engine;

 2 - gearbox;

 3 - wheel;

 4 - dual side clutch;

5 - a brake disk;

5a - brake caliper;

6 - a leading asterisk;

7 - bearing shaft drive sprocket;

8 - drive sprocket drive shaft;

9 - steering mechanism;

10 - drive shaft / wishbone;

11 - steering draft / trailing suspension;

12 - rocking shaft;

13 - a rocking chair;

14 - wheel gear;

15 - tire low pressure;

16- all-terrain vehicle frame;

17 - shock absorber;

18 - hydraulic pump;

19 - hydraulic motor;

20 - a leading gear wheel reducer;

21 - driven gear wheel gear;

22 - a shaft of an onboard friction clutch;

23 - clutch disconnect front axle drive.

Claims (13)

1. High-speed biaxial wheeled all-terrain vehicle containing a gasoline engine or turbodiesel of 1.4-2.2 liters, mounted transversely relative to the longitudinal axis of the all-terrain vehicle, transmission, suspension, steering control system, characterized in that the steering control system is combined, comprising: - automobile-type steering with both steered axles and oncoming rotation, while the longitudinal suspension arms are at the same time the steering link and are fixed through ball joints on the rockers of the transverse shaft, which is turned by the link from the steering mechanism, shifting the longitudinal arms in antiphase along the sides, and the drive shafts the wheels are simultaneously wishbones; - and control of tractor-type levers using dual side clutches, while the length of the all-terrain vehicle on the tires is not more than 4000 mm, the width is not more than the transport dimension, the ground clearance is not less than 600 mm, with the installation of two types of low-pressure wheels: 1450X500-24 - type "Fir-tree" or 1540Х500-24 - type "Gear". 2. An all-terrain vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a mechanical transmission including an automatic or mechanical gearbox mounted transversely relative to the longitudinal axis of the all-terrain vehicle, from which the torque is transmitted by chains to the sprockets of the drive shafts. 3. The all-terrain vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a hydraulic transmission and includes a hydraulic pump, from which hydraulic fluid is supplied through the high pressure pipelines to the stroke motors, and further from this, torque is transmitted by chains to the sprockets of the drive shafts. 4. An all-terrain vehicle according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that it contains wheel gears, the driving gear of each is steel, the driven gear screwed to the wheel rim is made of heavy-duty polymer, and the wheel gear housing is the axis of the wheel, which is mounted on a large diameter bearing . 5. An all-terrain vehicle according to claim 4, characterized in that the disks of the wheels are displacement, airtight.  6. The all-terrain vehicle according to claim 5, characterized in that it has the ability to overcome water barriers due to the displacement of tires and high lugs on wheels. 7. An all-terrain vehicle according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that it has the ability to install removable tracks on wheel movers. 8. The all-terrain vehicle according to claim 7, characterized in that when driving on the tracks the steering wheel is locked and the machine is controlled by levers.  9. An all-terrain vehicle according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that the body has six seats, of which four rear are transformed into two sleeping spaces, equipped with a front and rear door with openable windows, heat and noise insulation, conventional or double glazing, a sunroof, heater with air conditioning.  10. An all-terrain vehicle according to claim 9, characterized in that it is possible to articulate with a similar all-terrain vehicle. 11. A method for controlling an all-terrain vehicle comprising an engine, transmission, suspension, a combined steering control system including automobile-type steering with both steered axles and oncoming rotation and tractor-type control using dual side clutches, characterized in that in most situations the all-terrain vehicle is steered which, through the steering mechanism, rotates the transverse rocking shaft, on which the steering rods are fixed through ball joints, the rocker, turning and the axis of the transverse shaft displaces the steering rods in antiphase on the sides, turning the wheels of the front axle in one direction, and the wheels of the rear axle in the opposite direction by a small angle equal to about 8-9 ° and having a maximum turning radius of not more than 8.5 meters , if necessary, a sharp turn-around or turn-in-place with the help of dual side clutches is disabled, and a separate board is blocked by the brake system while transmitting torque to the opposite side.

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