RU2648129C2 - Earthquake-resistant building structure - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to earthquake-resistant objects. This is achieved by the fact that in an earthquake-resistant construction of a building containing a workshop frame, bearing walls with fences in the form of floor and ceiling, lined with sound-absorbing structures, window and door openings, as well as single sound absorbers containing a frame, in which the sound-absorbing material is located, and being installed above the noisy equipment, and the floor construction is made on an elastic base and comprises a mounting plate, made of concrete reinforced with vibration damping material and installed on two rigidly connected to each other high strength and earthquake-resistant base slabs of intermediate floor with cavities through layers of vibration damping and waterproofing material with a gap relative to the bearing walls of the production area, the layers of the vibration damping and waterproofing material are made with a flanged edge, tightly adjacent to the bearing wall structures and the base load-bearing slabs of intermediate floor, and a layer of the vibration damping material is laid between the base slabs of intermediate floor, and the cavities of the base slabs are in a staggered arrangement and filled with a vibration damping material, for example, expanded polymer, polyethylene or polypropylene. There are vibration damping inserts in the cavities of the intermediate floor base plates in the form of a cylinder made of rigid vibration damping material, inside which an elastic core is located axially symmetric and coaxial, along the axis of which the damping disks are rigidly fixed along the entire length of the cavity, while the extreme discs are fixed "flush" with the cylinder of the vibration damping material, whose ends, in turn, are located "flush" with the side surfaces of the base slab.

EFFECT: technical result is an increase in the strength and earthquake resistance of the building, as well as the efficiency of sound attenuation.

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Description

The invention relates to earthquake-resistant objects.

Known low-noise structures for industrial buildings in the form of acoustic cladding and piece sound absorbers, the cavities of which are filled with sound-absorbing material [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. Currently, fibrous sound absorbers are the most common in construction practice.

The disadvantages of the known designs of sound absorbers are their relatively low efficiency at low and medium frequencies, and they do not meet the increased requirements for the design of premises and the seismic resistance of structures under construction.

Known low noise earthquake-resistant industrial buildings containing a building frame with a base, bearing walls with fences in the form of floor and ceiling, which are lined with sound-absorbing structures, window and door openings, as well as piece sound absorbers containing a frame in which sound-absorbing material is located, and installed above the noisy equipment [6, 7, 8].

Their disadvantage is the relatively low noise attenuation efficiency at high frequencies due to the absence of circuit designs containing Helmholtz resonators in structural elements.

Known low-noise earthquake-resistant industrial buildings containing basic load-bearing floor slabs, equipped at the places of their attachment to the bearing walls of the building with a spatial vibration isolation system consisting of horizontally located vibration isolators that absorb vertical static and dynamic loads, as well as vertically located vibration isolators that accept horizontal static and dynamic loads [9, 10].

The disadvantages of the known building designs are their relatively low efficiency at low and medium frequencies, and they do not meet the increased requirements for the seismic resistance of structures under construction.

The closest technical solution to the technical nature and the achieved result is a low noise earthquake-resistant industrial building according to RF patent No. 129125 [11] for a utility model, the base of the building frame of which is made with vibration isolation of a reinforced concrete slab consisting of interconnected reinforced concrete beams at the base of the building, which includes at least four vibration isolators installed between a metal plate and a reinforced concrete beam located at the base of a building made at the same time a bed with at least eight strip foundation blocks, which are a kind of "trap", and each of the metal plates is mounted on at least three reinforced concrete pillars, emphasis, and sandbags are installed between each strip foundation blocks and each of the reinforced concrete beams and under the vibration isolators are fixed strain gauge sensors that monitor the sediment of the vibration isolators, while the sand cushions are installed in detachable metal clips.

The disadvantages of this earthquake-resistant industrial building are the relatively low noise reduction efficiency at low and medium frequencies, as well as the relatively low damping at resonant frequencies in vibration isolation systems and, as a result, the relatively low seismic resistance.

The technical result is an increase in the strength and seismic resistance of the building, as well as the effectiveness of sound attenuation.

This is achieved by the fact that in the earthquake-resistant structure of the building, containing the workshop frame, bearing walls with fences in the form of floor and ceiling, which are lined with sound-absorbing structures, window and door openings, as well as piece sound absorbers containing the frame in which the sound-absorbing material is located, and installed above noisy equipment, and the floor structure is made on an elastic base and contains a mounting plate made of concrete reinforced with vibration damping material, which is installed on two tightly interconnected base plates of interfloor overlap of increased strength and seismic resistance with cavities through layers of vibration damping and waterproofing material with a gap relative to the bearing walls of the production room, and layers of vibration damping and waterproofing material are made with a flange that is tightly adjacent to the bearing wall structures and base bearing floor slabs , and between the base plates of the interfloor overlap a layer of vibration damping material is laid, and the cavities of the base plates of races staggered and filled with vibration damping material, such as foamed polymer, polyethylene or polypropylene, and the walls are lined with sound-absorbing structures.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the earthquake-resistant construction of the building, figure 2 is a section of the floor of the building, figure 3 is a system of vibration isolation of the basement with a basement, figure 4 is a diagram of the vibration damping insert in the cavities of the base plates.

The earthquake-resistant building structure (Fig. 1) contains a workshop frame (not shown in the drawing), window 9 and door 10 openings and load-bearing walls 1, 2, 3, 4 with fences 5, 6 (floor and ceiling), which are lined with sound-absorbing structures, as well as piece sound absorbers 7 and 8, containing a frame in which sound-absorbing material is located, and installed above the noisy equipment 11.

The floor structure on an elastic base (Fig. 2) contains a mounting plate 12 made of concrete reinforced with vibration damping material, which is mounted on two, rigidly interconnected, base plates 15 and 18 of the floor with increased strength and seismic resistance with cavities 16 and 19 respectively layers of vibration damping material 14 and waterproofing material 13 with a gap of 17 relative to the supporting walls 1, 2, 3, 4 of the production room. In order to ensure effective vibration isolation of the mounting plate 12 in all directions, the layers of the vibration damping material 14 and the waterproofing material 13 are made with a flange that is tightly adjacent to the supporting structures of the walls 1, 2, 3, 4 and the base supporting plate 15 of the floor.

To increase the strength and seismic resistance of buildings, as well as the effectiveness of sound insulation and sound absorption in the workshops located under the floor of the cavity, a layer of vibration damping material 20 is laid between the base plates 15 and 18 of the floor, and the cavities 16 and 19 of the base plates 15 and 18 are staggered and filled with vibration damping material, for example, foamed polymer, polyethylene or polypropylene, and walls 1, 2, 3, 4 are lined with sound-absorbing structures.

A variant is possible when in the cavities 16 and 19 of the base plates 15 and 18 of the interfloor overlap there are vibration damping inserts (Fig. 4), made in the form of a cylinder 27 of rigid vibration-damping material, for example, plastic compound like “Agate”, “Anti-vibration”, “Shvim” , inside of which the elastic core 28 is axisymmetrically and coaxially located, along the axis of which the cavities are rigidly fixed along the entire length of the cavity, the damping disks 29, while the extreme disks are fixed “flush” with the cylinder 28 made of vibration damping material, the ends of which, in in turn, are "flush" with the side surfaces of the base plates 15.

Vibration-damping inserts contribute to the absorption of vibroacoustic energy of the interfloor overlap at medium and high frequencies, causing sound vibrations, and consequently, increased noise levels in the building itself.

As sound-absorbing material of sound-absorbing structures, slabs made of rockwool basalt-based mineral wool or URSA-type mineral wool or P-75 basalt wool or glass-wool lining are used, and the sound-absorbing element is acoustically lined over its entire surface transparent material (not shown in the drawing), for example, fiberglass type E3-100 or polymer type "Poviden."

As a sound-absorbing material, a rigid porous material can also be used, for example, foam aluminum or cermets, or a shell rock with a degree of porosity in the range of optimal values: 30–45%. As a sound-absorbing material, a material in the form of crumbs from solid vibration-damping materials, for example, elastomer, or polyurethane, or plastic compound can be used, moreover, the size of the fractions of the crumb lies in the optimal range of values: 0.3 ÷ 2.5 mm (not shown in the drawing).

The system of vibration isolation of the basement with the basement 21 (Fig. 3) is carried out by installing the elevated part of the building on the vibration isolators 22 while cutting it with anti-seismic seams (not shown) from neighboring buildings and the surrounding soil. To protect against vertical vibrations, vibration isolators are installed in the niches of the walls of the basement 21 on sections of the strip foundation 25. Each set of vibration isolation systems consists of a metal plate, 4 vibration isolators, 2 sheets of sandpaper to exclude the possibility of sliding of the foundation elements and 2 supporting reinforced concrete blocks (not shown in the drawing).

To protect the building from horizontal vibrations propagating through the ground, a vibration isolation system is arranged along the vertical faces of the outer walls 24 of the basement floor 21 at the level of the foundation and floor 12 (Fig. 2). To this end, a retaining wall is arranged around the entire building, the buttresses 23 of which are connected to the ends of the bearing walls through vibration isolators, which are installed in the niches 26 of the buttresses 23. The design of the vibration-insulated building has increased rigidity.

The basement of the building is made in the form of a spatial frame structure made of monolithic reinforced concrete with overlapping and partitions included in the frame (not shown in the drawing). This design provides increased rigidity of the building, compensating for its decrease due to bearing on vibration isolators. For the same purpose, jumpers are reinforced above door and other openings (not shown in the drawing) so that the stiffness of the partitions does not change, and the basement of the basement floor 21 is made in the form of a tape cross structure with a height of about 50 cm, protruding above the foundation slab.

Earthquake-resistant building construction works as follows.

Sound energy from the equipment 11 located in the room falls on the layers of sound-absorbing material of sound-absorbing structures, which are lined with load-bearing walls 1, 2, 3, 4 with fences 5, 6 (floor and ceiling), as well as piece sound absorbers 7 and 8, containing a frame in which the sound-absorbing material is located, and which are installed above the noisy equipment 11. The transition of sound energy into heat (dissipation, energy dissipation) occurs in the pores of the sound absorber, which are the Helmholtz resonator model, where the losses nergii occur due to friction with the driving frequency of the oscillating mass of air located in the neck of the resonator neck wall itself, has the form of branched networks pore absorber. The perforation coefficient of the perforated wall is taken to be equal to or more than 0.25. To prevent the eruption of a soft sound absorber, a fiberglass fabric, for example, type EZ-100, is located between the sound absorber and the perforated wall.

When installing vibroactive equipment on plate 12, two-stage vibration protection occurs due to vibration damping inclusions in the mass of plate 12 itself, as well as due to a layer of vibration damping material 14, which can be used as: Vibrosil needle-punched mats based on silica or aluminoborosilicate fiber, material from solid vibration-damping materials, for example plastic compound, from soundproof plates based on glass staple fiber of the “Shumostop” type with a material density of 60 ÷ 80 kg / m ³ . Moreover, needle-punched mats consist of fibers having a diameter not lower than the maximum permissible hygienic value, do not contain carcinogenic asbestos and ceramic fibers, and such harmful binders as phenol are not included in their composition. Therefore, with confidence they can be attributed to the class of heat and sound insulating materials that meet high hygienic and fire safety requirements. At the same time, fiberglass materials have low thermal conductivity, are not influenced by steam, oil, water, and have high temperature stability.

The basement of the building is made in the form of a spatial frame structure made of monolithic reinforced concrete with overlapping and partitions included in the frame (not shown in the drawing). This design provides increased rigidity of the building, compensating for its decrease due to bearing on vibration isolators. For the same purpose, jumpers are reinforced above door and other openings (not shown in the drawing) so that the stiffness of the partitions does not change, and the basement of the basement floor 21 is made in the form of a tape cross structure with a height of about 50 cm, protruding above the foundation slab.

Sources of Bibliography

1. Kochetov O.S., Sazhin B.S. Noise and vibration reduction in production: theory, calculation, technical solutions. M .: MSTU im. A.N. Kosygina, 2001 .-- 319 p. (Fig. P. III. 10, p. 263).

2. Kochetov OS Textile vibroacoustics. Textbook for universities. M .: MSTU im. A.N. Kosygina, the group "Sauvage Bevo" 2003. - 191 p. (Fig. A.2, p. 176).

3. Kochetov OS Laboratory workshop on industrial sanitation. Textbook for universities. M .: MSTU im. A.N. Kosygina, the group "Sovezh Bevo" 2004. - 168 p. (Fig.6.6, p. 120).

4. Kochetov O.S. Sound-absorbing structures to reduce noise in the workplace of industrial premises. The journal "Labor safety in industry", No. 11, 2010, pp. 46-50 (Fig. 1; p. 48 and Fig. 2; p. 48).

5. Kochetov O.S. Sound-absorbing construction of the workshop // Patent for invention No. 2414565. Published 03/20/2011. Bulletin of inventions No. 8.

6. Kochetov O.S. The method of acoustic protection of the operator // Patent for invention No. 2431022. Published on October 10, 2011. Bulletin of inventions No. 28.

7. Kochetov OS, Stareeva M.O. Production room with low noise // Patent for invention No. 2425931. Published on August 10th, 2011. Bulletin of inventions No. 22.

8. Durnev R.A., Kochetov O.S., Ivanova O.Yu. Earthquake-resistant building // Utility Model Patent No. 120447. Published on September 20, 2012. Bulletin of inventions No. 26.

9. Durnev R.A., Kochetov O.S., Ivanova O.Yu., Avgutsevichs A.Kh. Earthquake-resistant construction // Utility Model Patent No. 123433. Published on December 27th, 2012. Bulletin of inventions No. 36.

10. Durnev R.A., Kochetov O.S., Ivanova O.Yu., Avgutsevichs A.Kh. Earthquake-resistant brick wall panel // Utility Model Patent No. 118331. Published on July 20, 2012. Bulletin of inventions No. 20.

11. Durnev R.A., Ivanova O.Yu., Kochetov O.S. Low noise earthquake-resistant industrial building // Utility Model Patent No. 129125. Published 06/20/2013. Bulletin of inventions No. 17.

Claims (1)

An earthquake-resistant building structure containing a workshop frame, bearing walls with fences in the form of floor and ceiling, which are lined with sound-absorbing structures, window and door openings, as well as piece sound absorbers containing a frame in which sound-absorbing material is located and installed above noisy equipment, the floor is made on an elastic base, the floor structure on an elastic base contains a mounting plate made of concrete reinforced with vibration damping material, which is mounted on two, rigid interconnected base plates of interfloor overlapping of increased strength and seismic resistance with cavities through the layers of vibration damping and waterproofing material with a gap relative to the bearing walls of the production room, and the layers of vibration damping and waterproofing material are made with a flange that is tightly adjacent to the bearing wall structures and base bearing floor slabs, and a layer of vibration damping material is laid between the base plates of the interfloor overlap, and the cavities of the base plates are located They are staggered and filled with vibration damping material, for example, foamed polymer, polyethylene or polypropylene, and the walls are lined with sound-absorbing structures, the vibration isolation system of the foundation with the basement is made with its seams being cut anti-seismic from neighboring buildings and the surrounding soil, and the vibration isolators are installed in neither walls basement on the sections of the strip foundation, and each set of vibration isolation system consists of a metal plate, four vibration isolation, a heap of sandpaper sheets to exclude the possibility of sliding of the foundation elements and two supporting reinforced concrete blocks, while protecting the building from horizontal vibrations propagating along the ground, a vibration isolation system is arranged along the vertical faces of the outer walls of the basement floor at the level of the foundation and floor, while around the entire building a retaining wall is arranged, the buttresses of which are connected to the ends of the bearing walls through vibration isolators that are installed in the niches of the buttresses, and the basement floor is The structure is made in the form of a spatial frame structure made of monolithic reinforced concrete with overlapping and partitions included in the frame, as well as reinforced jumpers over door and other openings with constant stiffness of the partitions, characterized in that the vibration-damping inserts made in the form of a cylinder are located in the cavities of the base plates of the interfloor overlap from a rigid vibration-damping material, inside of which an elastic core is axisymmetrically and coaxially located, along the axis of which are rigidly fixed along all lengths cavity damping wheels, wherein the extreme wheels mounted "flush" with the cylinder of the vibration damping material whose ends are in turn arranged "flush" with the side surfaces of the base plate.

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