RU2647542C2 - Sound barrier - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to noise-reducing structures installed, in particular, along motor roads and railways, airports, open sections of underground stations, near test sites, noise-active construction and production sites, or any other sources of high noise radiation, characterized as technical objects producing negative acoustic environment pollution. The sound barrier comprises a foundation base, a socle part, a load-bearing base, transverse racks, longitudinal profiles, a rear sound reflecting panel, a front sound transparent panel perforated with through holes, a sound absorbing panel. The sound absorbing panel is made up of acoustic panel modules made in the form of interlocked Helmholtz's acoustic resonators. The modules are formed by used recyclable hollow cavitary bottle tanks of PET-containers (PET-polyethylene terephthalate), comprising capacitive chamber parts and open threaded neck parts with dismantled screw plugs. The tanks are placed with their threaded neck parts in the mounting holes of the assembly and neck die represented by a perforated metal sheet or polymer structure, and rigidly fixed therein with corresponding screwed threaded fastening elements.

EFFECT: providing broadband noise-damping efficiency covering the low-, mid- and high-frequency area of the sound spectrum.

17 cl, 22 dwg

Description

The invention relates to noise-reducing structures, in particular to noise-proofing screen elements designed to protect residential areas (settlements) from the negative noise impact generated by vehicles, power and industrial equipment installed, in particular, along roads and railways, airfields, open sections of metro lines, near test sites, noise-active construction and production sites, or any other sources increased noise emissions, qualified as technical objects producing negative acoustic pollution of the environment. In these cases, both people and animals living in residential areas (forests, fields) adjacent to the marked noise-active technical objects are negatively affected by noise radiation, causing, inter alia, disruption of the processes of their mating and productive reproduction.

Due to the fact that the direct functional purpose of the proposed technical device is to protect residential areas from negative noise pollution, its terminological name is soundproofed (hereinafter - SHZ). This type of technical device, as a rule, is installed on appropriate foundation foundations in the immediate vicinity of the direct source (sources) of noise radiation and contains power supporting elements in the form of vertical posts and horizontal profiles on which flat or curved soundproofing and sound-absorbing panels made of various structural materials.

The descriptions of some typical designs of SCEs used to reduce acoustic pollution of the environment are given, in particular, in [1, 2].

[1] Transport noise. Translation from English K.G. Bomstein edited by V.E. Tolsky, G.N. Butakova and B.N. Melnikova, Transport, 1995, 368 pp.

[2] Tyurina N.V. Calculation and design of acoustic screens. Materials of the international acoustic conference dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of E.Ya. Yudina, October 30, 2014 - Ed. A.I. Komkina. - Moscow: MSTU. N.E. Bauman, 2014, p. 289 ... 304.

According to the above descriptions, with the diagrams and photos given in them, it follows that they can be represented as monolithic or collapsible structures made of metal (aluminum, stainless steel, galvanized steel), reinforced with chip-cement (dyurisol, veloks), wooden (impregnated wood), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) materials. Along with sound-reflecting panel elements, the structure of SHZEs can include sound-absorbing panel structures, as well as various types of translucent panels made of polycarbonate plastic, or breaks are made - for the device of free passages with counter-screens - for their overlap, and / or opening soundproofing are used doorways. Also, the structure of the ШЗЭ includes the corresponding bearing power and fastening elements, in particular, the bearing base of the ШЗЭ, as well as decorative elements. The geometric shape of the BZE can be represented by both flat vertical and L-shaped structures with the use of curved and sail-like non-planar forms of panels. Along with the required (specified agreed upon design requirements) acoustic (noise-reducing) characteristics, the design of the BZE must have acceptable (sufficient) durability, strength and stiffness parameters. They must withstand the negative effects of climatic conditions (precipitation, wind and snow loads, seismic effects), have the required corrosion resistance, fire resistance and aesthetic appearance. According to the source [1], some technical versions of the structural elements of the ШЗЭ are shown in the presented photos on pages 302 ... 304 (Fig. 13 ... 17). The computational schemes used to determine the acoustic (noise-reducing) characteristics of typical designs of SHZ, according to the cited source [2], are given on pages 291 ... 294 (Fig. 2 ... 6). The main and most important drawback of this type of known typical technical solutions is the lack of effective low-frequency sound-absorbing elements in the structure of the BECs that do not provide an acceptable high irreversible dissipative conversion (dissipation) of the energy of the incident low-frequency sound waves into thermal energy. In many cases, a significant proportion of the distributed low-frequency sound energy is freely, without attenuation, re-emitted (in some cases, amplified) by the translucent and / or dynamically excited composite structural elements of the BEC. It should be borne in mind that a significant proportion of sound energy is freely distributed through the upper part (upper edge) of the ShZE to the inhabited (residential) territories adjacent to the ShZE. To the greatest extent, the design flaws of the known SHZ technical devices are manifested precisely in the low-frequency sound range, when the lengths of the emitted sound waves are comparable with the characteristic overall dimensions of soundproofing barriers (SHZ). It is for this reason that the absorption of low-frequency energy in the well-known typical designs of SCEs is quite low, and this type of design of SCEs are essentially translucent and ineffective. It should also be noted that the sound-absorbing efficiency of typical porous (fibrous, open-cell foam) sound-absorbing materials in the low-frequency (up to 500 Hz) sound range is very low.

According to the source [2], the acoustic efficiency (noise-reducing efficiency) of the BEC increases by 3 dB with an increase in the frequency of sound per octave (ie, 2 times). In this case, the dependence of acoustic efficiency on the overall height of the SCE is non-linear. With an increase in the height of the BEC from 1 m to 2 m, the acoustic efficiency increases by 3 dB, from 2 m to 3 m by 2 dB, from 5 m to 6 m by 1 dB. An additional installation of a plane-sheet layer of a porous sound-absorbing material, characterized by a sound absorption coefficient of 0.4 ... 0.8, on the front surface of the ShZE allows to increase the acoustic efficiency of the ShZE by 2 ... 7 dB. L-shaped constructions of BZE of identical height and used structure and grade of materials, in comparison with BZE of flat vertical construction, provide an additional increase in acoustic efficiency up to 3 dB.

At the same time, the well-known typical designs of the BZE have the weakest acoustic efficiency (noise-reducing efficiency) in the low-frequency sound range, which is dominant in the sound pressure level of the recorded noise spectra of traffic streams. In particular, as follows from the information source [1] (see Fig. 7.1 on p. 120), the broadband octave spectrum of noise radiation shown in it, recorded by instruments at the facade of a building with heavy traffic, is nevertheless a pronounced low-frequency character , indicating that it is concentrated in octave frequency bands with centers of 63, 125, 250 Hz. As follows from fig. 9.3 (p. 168), of the same cited source [1], the low-frequency sound radiation dominating in the spectrum is concentrated in the octave band centered at 125 Hz. It was determined on the basis of a statistical analysis of external motor vehicle noise during heavy traffic of the ATS 5400 auth / h with a share of trucks in the total flow of 6%. In fig. 10.2, p. 184 [1] also shows the 1/3 octave spectrum of the external noise of a moving locomotive, measured at a distance of 25 m from the axis of the railway track, which also indicates the dominant contribution of low-frequency components concentrated mainly in 1/3 octaves with centers 100 and 125 Hz in recorded broadband sound radiation.

From the US patent for the invention US 4007919 (published 02.15.1977), the European patent for the invention EP 0213521 (published 08.16.1986), the French patent for the invention FR 2780074 (published 19.06.1998), the German patent for the invention DE 10159160 (published 26.06. 2003), the international application for the invention WO 2007/120061 (published January 25, 2007), it is known to use various types of structural and technological designs of this type of screening structures, qualified in the form declared as soundproofing, soundproofing, soundproofing, and Bush, noise screens (ShZE).

From the German patent for the invention DE 19804862 (published on 10.10.1998), the German patent for the invention DE 10251506 (published on July 22, 2004), the European patent on the invention EP 1031671 (published on 08.30.2000), the British patent on the invention GB 2251256 (published on 01.07. 1992), US patent for the invention US 5942736 (published on 08.24.1999), the typical designs of the SHZ are known, comprising vertical racks and horizontal profiles, a rear sound-reflecting panel made of a dense structural material and perforated sk oznymi or holes appropriately shaped bezel (e.g., zigzag profile limb or slotted perforation holes) arranged with a predetermined air gap with respect to a reflecting rear panel. The indicated structural and technological designs of this type of SHE form both sound-reflecting and resonant noise-reducing structures formed by the sets of formed open resonator necks and closed chambers (Helmholtz acoustic resonators), which make it possible to achieve a certain degree of energy absorption of the incident sound waves. The narrow-band and low-efficiency sound absorption range of this type of technical devices (SHE) in the low-frequency region of the noise spectrum is their significant drawback for the variants of the necessary both low-frequency and wide-band noise damping of typical wide-band noise spectra (characterized by a wide frequency band of sound radiation, including the dominant low-frequency sound range) sources as follows from [1]. Structural and technological options for the implementation of the SHZ are also possible, including the location in the cavity formed between two panels (rear sound-reflecting and front sound-transparent) of families of oversized acoustic resonator chambers, each of which provides a different tuned noise-reducing effect, recorded in separate different frequency ranges sound (noise) spectrum. However, for this type of indicated designs of SHZE, for practical dimensional and layout reasons, they have insufficiently wideband effects of sound energy absorption in the required frequency range. In particular, there are very limited opportunities for their expansion due to the practical use of an insignificant number of this type of small dimensions that differ in the frequency tuning of narrow-band acoustic resonator cameras. In most cases, this does not sufficiently reduce negative noise emissions, in particular, from vehicles and / or noise-related industrial and energy equipment generated in a fairly wide range, which stand out in the spectrum and, in particular, in the current low-frequency sound range.

For a possible extension of the frequency range of effective damping of sound energy in the descriptions of a German patent for invention DE 3012514 (published on 10.10.1981), European patent for invention EP 1077446 (published on 02.21.2001), US application for invention US 2003/0006090 (published on 01.01.2003 ), the international application for the invention WO 2007/140728 (published December 13, 2007), proposes to use various combined structures of the BZE, in which in the cavity formed between the rear sound reflecting panel and the front translucent (perforated hydrochloric) panel, placed monolithic ploskolistovaya sound absorbing panel made mainly of a porous sound absorbing fibrous material based on natural, synthetic or mineral fibers. At the same time, the indicated sound-absorbing panel can be mounted on the upper horizontal profile of the screen using appropriate mechanical fasteners, with the subsequent formation of a predetermined air gap relative to the front sound-transparent and rear sound-reflecting panels, which to some extent allows to increase the absorption efficiency of low-frequency sound. There are also options for backlash-free mounting of flat-plate sound-absorbing panels on the surface of the rear sound-reflecting panel using sticky adhesive adhesive coating. To exclude possible contamination and getting into the porous structure of a flat-sheet sound-absorbing panel of atmospheric precipitation, small amorphous particles, moisture, operating (washing) liquids, its front surface (in some cases, end surfaces) is lined with an external protective sound-transparent layer of a gas-impermeable film or fabric.

The disadvantage of the technical solutions discussed above is, first of all, the insufficiently high acoustic (noise-reducing) effectiveness of this type of used monolithic, single-layer, flat-sheet sound-absorbing panels, as a part of the structures of the ШЗЭ. This, in particular, is caused by the unsatisfactory sound-absorbing properties of plane-sheet panel structures, characterized by a pronounced abrupt change (sharp mismatch) of the wave resistance to the physical process of propagation of sound waves at the dividing boundary of the plane-surface front layer of the plane-sheet sound-absorbing panel and the adjacent elastic air environment. As a result, this causes a corresponding spasmodic sound-reflecting and, accordingly, reduced sound-absorbing effect, worsening the resulting noise-reducing qualities of the SHE.

The RF patent for the invention RU 2155252, published on 08.27.2000, describes the design of the BZE, which contains load-bearing vertical posts and horizontal profiles, on which noise-reducing modules isolated from each other are mounted. Each of these noise-reducing modules contains a rear sound-reflecting panel, a front sound-transparent panel perforated through holes, a monolithic flat-sheet sound-absorbing panel of fibrous non-woven material (mineral wool). At the same time, a single-sheet monolithic flat-sheet sound-absorbing panel is mounted on the inner surface of the lower horizontal profile, completely filling the air gap between the rear sound-reflecting and front sound-transparent panels. To exclude structural vibrational excitation and, as a result of this, re-emission of spurious sound energy in the form of a structural sound, the rear sound-reflecting and front sound-transparent panels communicate with the attached SHE elements through the corresponding vibration-damping clamps of a trough-like cross section. Despite the fact that the technical solution to a certain extent solves the problem of reducing the structural vibrational excitation of the components of the SCE and the subsequent weakening of the reradiation of spurious structural noise by them, at the same time, the acoustic modules used in it are not effective in terms of noise absorption, transmitted by airborne airborne radiation path from a radiation source (sources) of sound energy (noise sources). This is due to both the insufficient acoustic (noise-reducing) efficiency of the used porous structure of the material, presented in the form of thin-walled monolithic flat-sheet sound-absorbing panels, and the weakening of possible realizations of increasing potentials for more effective absorption of sound energy, due to their irrational placement. Also, in the design of the technical device under consideration, diffractive dissipative mechanisms of absorption of sound energy are not sufficiently implemented that arise when sound waves propagate at the boundaries of the free end perimetric parts (ribs) of noise-reducing modules (perimeter edge zones of the rear sound-reflecting and monolithic flat-sound-absorbing panels). The considered technical solution is also characterized by high cost and unsatisfactory environmental performance in relation to its disposal safety at the end of the life cycle.

, где S_эл - площадь проекции на лицевую поверхность несущей основы меньшей по площади из близлежащих обособленных звукопоглощающих панелей, закрепленных на ней. При этом, ширина воздушного зазора, образованного между лицевыми поверхностями обособленных звукопоглощающих элементов и поверхностью лицевой перфорированной панели, лицевыми поверхностями обособленных звукопоглощающих элементов и поверхностью тыльной звукоотражающей панели находится в диапазоне

, где

- толщина обособленных звукопоглощающих панелей, определяемая размерностью сечения перпендикулярного лицевой поверхности несущей основы. Со стороны размещения обособленных звукопоглощающих панелей поверхность шумопонижающего элемента футерована защитным слоем звукопрозрачной газовлагонепроницаемой пленки или ткани.As a prototype, the RF patent for the invention RU 2465390, published on 10.27.2012, which describes the design of a BZE containing load-bearing elements made in the form of transverse struts and longitudinal profiles, a sound-absorbing element located with a given air gap in the cavity between the back sound-reflecting panel and perforated through-holes front soundproof panel. The sound-absorbing element contains a load-bearing base of sheet perforated or mesh type, fixed to horizontal profiles and / or the base of SHE with mechanical fasteners, lined with at least one of its sides, separated by sound-absorbing panels. Separate sound-absorbing panels are represented by a combination of crushed fragments of porous fibrous or foamed open-cell materials, which are surface-distributed in a certain way and fixedly mounted on the surface of the carrier base, with the formation of corresponding air gaps between them. The value of the equivalent air gap formed between the adjacent end (face) surfaces of the separate sound-absorbing panels does not exceed

, where S _el - the projection area on the front surface of the carrier base is smaller in area from the nearby separate sound-absorbing panels mounted on it. Moreover, the width of the air gap formed between the front surfaces of the separate sound-absorbing elements and the surface of the front perforated panel, the front surfaces of the separate sound-absorbing elements and the surface of the rear sound-reflecting panel is in the range

where

- the thickness of the separate sound-absorbing panels, determined by the dimension of the cross section perpendicular to the front surface of the carrier base. From the side of the placement of the separate sound-absorbing panels, the surface of the noise-reducing element is lined with a protective layer of a soundproof gas-impermeable film or fabric.

The disadvantages of the known technical device for the specified prototype (as related to most of the above analogues) are given below. The use of separate sound-absorbing panels mounted on the surfaces of the carrier base is characterized by insufficiently high sound-absorbing properties in the current low-frequency region of the sound spectrum, which, as is known, dominates the noise spectra of transport (automobile, railway) streams, at a high cost and unsatisfactory environmental characteristics of this type used porous sound-absorbing materials (both the processes of their production and disposal). The separate sound-absorbing panels used in the analogues and prototype are made of porous fibrous or foamed open-cell materials for the manufacture of which the original valuable raw hydrocarbon (oil, natural gas) materials have been spent, with associated labor and energy costs and environmental pollution in their manufacture. It should also be borne in mind that the claimed technical device of the ShZE, installed along the highway and railways, is a large-sized design whose linear dimensions reach tens and hundreds of kilometers. This forces them to spend huge amounts of sound-absorbing materials produced mainly from non-renewable hydrocarbons (oil, natural gas). Related to this are the corresponding labor and financial costs, as well as the use of complex, expensive and environmentally dirty technologies for their production.

There are also urgent problems of the necessary disposal of structural materials represented in the form of solid polymer waste arising from the disposal of technical objects that have completed their life cycle, and / or the disposal of industrial and technological defects and waste polymeric materials (parts and components of machines made from polymeric materials) . The problem of energy utilization of the above-mentioned spurious noise emissions (utilization of sound energy) produced by various sound-generating technical facilities (vehicles, industrial-technological and sanitary-technical equipment, power plants, ventilation and air conditioning systems, electric machines, household appliances) is also very urgent. technique). For these reasons, the development of joint integrated effective technologies (methods, devices) aimed at material and energy utilization of solid polymer waste, the products of which, as semi-finished sound-absorbing substances and / or as semi-finished composite noise-attenuating parts and assemblies, can be further used for the processes of subsequent utilization of the parasitic noise energy emitted by noise generating technical objects seems to be very popular not only with environmental tion, but also from an economic and social point of view.

It is known that the production of technical devices is associated both with the corresponding material and energy and labor costs, and with the accompanying material and energy environmental pollution. All this causes the urgent need to minimize them. In particular, this relates to the production of technical devices made of polymeric materials. As a raw material in the production of polymeric materials and products from them, as a rule, non-renewable hydrocarbon raw materials (oil, natural gas) are used. The technology of their production is characterized by high energy costs, harmful production conditions and an unsatisfactory level of environmental pollution with toxic emissions into air and water basins. A particular problem is the disposal of solid industrial and technological waste and the marriage of the production of polymer materials and products from them, as well as the disposal of already manufactured technical devices made of polymer materials that have completed their life cycle. The solution of these technical problems of environmentally safe and cost-effective disposal of products from polymer materials is associated with the implementation of expensive technological processes carried out using sophisticated technological equipment. One of the fastest growing in terms of production and consumption of polymer material is polyethylene terephthalate (PET). In particular, PET was widely used in the polymer packaging industry (PET packaging). Also, in large volumes, it is widely used as fibrous and film materials under the trademarks of Sipron, Dacron, Polyester. Specifications for PET material are determined by the requirements of the domestic standard - GOST R 51695-2000 "Polyethylene terephthalate. General specifications. " A special place in the nomenclature of the production of PET containers is occupied by bottle capacitive PET containers, as the most common in the food and packaging industry, used for packaging and storage of water, drinks, beer, juices, oils, etc. Its annual production and related necessary world-wide utilization amounts to trillions (million tons). This presents a very important ecological problem of preventing environmental pollution of this type by utilizable solid, hard to decompose polymeric materials (polymer packaging makes up about 40% of municipal waste sent to landfill). The main technical methods for the disposal of solid polymer waste, as you know, are the technological processes of their thermal decomposition by pyrolysis, decomposition (hydrolysis, glycolysis), to obtain the initial low molecular weight products (monomers, oligomers) and secondary (recycled) mechanical processing. The indicated technical methods of recycling are preceded by pre-treatment of solid polymer waste, including separation separation (flotation, aeroseparase, electroseparation, chemical methods, deep cooling methods), sorting and identification, grinding (mechanical, cryogenic), washing, drying (vortex, belt, bucket , with a "fluidized bed"), granulation. The resulting raw materials, in the form of granules, are used as a secondary additive to primary raw materials, along with additionally introduced plasticizers, stabilizers and fillers, in the production of various types of technical devices, in particular, household chemical goods, construction and agricultural implements, pallets for cargo transportation, pipes, cladding elements, etc. The final consumers of products made of PET material are manufacturers of bottle-type capacitive PET containers, films and fibers, food, textile, and tire industries. Technological processes for the manufacture of bottle-shaped PET containers are based on injection molding, extrusion, blow molding, vacuum molding and may include, among other things, the use of recycled (recycled) polyethylene terephthalate in the form of PET flakes (chips, fleks) or PET granules .

The increase in the volume of recycled processing of recycled bottle capacitive PET containers associated with the implementation of complex and time-consuming technological processes for its collection, sorting, cleaning, crushing, thermochemical transformations is constrained by high financial costs, reaching 50% of the increase in total production costs. A widespread method of disposal of obsolete PET bottle containers is their energy utilization by incineration, the volume of which can reach up to 40% of polymer waste. However, this disposal technology necessitates the use of complex and expensive technical devices for cleaning combustion products, which are characterized by insufficiently high efficiency and / or unsatisfactory stability.

Known technical solutions for the recycling of PET materials represented by recyclable bottle containers of PET containers are contained, in particular, in the following links to descriptions of published applications and patents of inventions related to relevant technical devices and technological operations (technological processes - methods):

- collection, sorting, separative separation, packaging in integral blocks - RU 2348530, RU 2150385, RU 2091224, US 2014299523, US 2014299524, US 2011/0127362, US 2004/0155374, US 5115987, US 5688693, JP 2005041671, JP 2002292630, US 5554657, US 4830188, KR 20070070754, FR 2560155;

- cleaning (washing) - RU 2335394, RU 2465972, RU 2137787, RU 2020005, RU 2235019, US 2011/0127362, US 2004/0155374, US 2003/0010360, EP 0237127, WO 09527753, WO 0183112, US 5688693, DE 10002682 , WO 09955508, US 5266124, EP 0304667, DE 19545357, JPH 11302443, US 4830188, US 2010140382;

- grinding (crushing) - RU 2384592, RU 2561475, RU 2349451, RU 2150385, RU 2233200, WO 0183112, US 2011/0155374, WO 09527753, US 7546965, US 5947016, US 5688693, DE 19545357, KR 20000072851, KR 20000010466, KR 20000010466 JPH 11302443, US 4830188, KR 20010079125;

- granulation - US 6436322, DE 19618363, US 6217804, KR 20010079125;

- Extrusion, thermochemical technological processes - RU 2496805, RU 2458946, RU 2263658, RU 2137787, RU 2103257, US 5073203, US 2007/0299150, DE 19629042, WO 09928285, WO 09527753, US 4605762, US 5945460, US 5807932, US 55979 , US 5952520, US 5580905, KR 20000010466, JPH 11302443, MX 201201936, MX 2007004429, US 4973746, US 4355175;

- combined technologies for the production of multicomponent composite and / or multilayer polymeric materials - RU 2302433, RU 2264917, RU 2356915, SU 1331654, RU 2363572, RU 2569371, JPH 08253223, FR 2560155, US 5472753, US 5804305, WO 9702939, WO 9920462, KR 20100045695, JP 2002361647.

- the use for other purposes, the components of the utilized PET containers as semi-finished elements of technical devices - RU 2559129.

The above known methods and technical devices for recycling PET containers (bottle capacitive PET containers) are characterized by complex, time-consuming, expensive and environmentally imperfect (dirty) technological methods for their processing.

At the same time, the claimed technical device provides for the use of simple, cheap and environmentally friendly secondary use of the already manufactured and forcibly utilized hollow cavity bottle bottle PET containers for other purposes, excluding complicated, time-consuming, environmentally dirty technological procedures for their secondary (recycled) processing . Their use as an off-the-shelf semi-finished product (structural sound-absorbing element) as part of the SHZ technical device is implied, a detailed description of the features of the structural and technological versions of which will be disclosed below in the text of the description of the application, graphic images and claims.

As is known, damping (utilization) of spurious noise energy produced by various operated noise generating technical objects (in this particular case, moving streams of noise generating vehicles) is based on the implementation of physical processes of absorption (conversion) of sound energy, with its accompanying irreversible dissipation (dissipation) thermal energy used in the construction of various types of sound-damping devices contained in them by porous sound insulation structures glazed materials. Compensatory interference phase-amplitude energy interactions and antiphase amplitude suppression of the propagated direct and reflected sound waves (used in the composition of noise-suppressing technical devices with resonant structures - quarter-wave R 'and / or half-wave R-acoustic resonators) are realized to some extent in noise-suppressing technical devices) , and / or arising resistive dissipative losses of sound energy by resonantly oscillating air masses in the surface zones of the throat parts of Helmholtz acoustic resonators R '' '.

Frequency tuning of the noise absorption efficiency of the applied SHZ technical device is carried out on the actual low-frequency range of noise radiation generated by automobile or railway transport, located mainly in the frequency domain - 50 ... 300 Hz. In this case, the claimed technical device of the SHZ includes the use of a utilized standard hollow cavity bottle PET container, with its predetermined spatial distributed mixed placement in the designs of groups of formed acoustic panel modules used as part of the design of the SHZ. The claimed technical device primarily solves the problem of damping the discrete discrete components in the composition of the broadband low-frequency sound spectrum of 50 ... 300 Hz relevant for traffic flows. Using a group of acoustic panel modules of various sizes, characterized by the geometric shape of the throat and chamber parts, utilizing a hollow cavity bottle PET container, it is possible to realize a family of corresponding noise-suppressing devices in the form of Helmholtz acoustic resonators, endowed with (characterized) different (natural) resonant frequencies of sound vibrations f _R. This ensures (covers) the expanded frequency range of the resonant sound attenuation by the used group of acoustic panel modules of the sound absorbing panel of the ShZE. An additional physical effect on the expansion of the muffler frequency band of each of a single instance of a hollow cavity bottle PET container used as part of an acoustic panel module can be achieved by introducing into their throat parts the corresponding structural elements of the formation of additional dissipative resistive losses, which are represented, in particular, by perforating the walls of the throat parts, and / or the introduction of porous air-blown plugs into the cavity of the throat portions and / or the introduction of the air oduvan sound transmission layers of materials on the outer end sections (they overlap). Also, as an additional technical element for damping stray sound energy in the low and medium frequencies of the sound spectrum of noise-generating transport flows, the design of layout throat matrices, represented by perforated plate elements, characterized by a perforation coefficient k _per-pm ≥0.2, spaced at a given distance, is used B mounted with a predetermined air gap from the surface of the rear sound reflecting panel. To enhance the degree of absorption of sound energy, the inner and / or outer surface of the perforated wall of the throat assembly matrix can be lined with a layer of porous sound-absorbing material.

In this case, the spatial placement of a layer of porous sound-absorbing material lining the surface of the perforated wall of the neck-throat matrix with an air gap relative to the surface of the back sound-reflecting panel of the ШЗЭ allows to increase its sound-absorbing efficiency at frequencies of quarters of the length of sound waves (0.25 λ,), which fit (coincide) in size with the parameter]} (thickness) of the acoustic panel module, which forms the sound absorbing panel of the ШЗЭ. Given the typical dimensions (height) of mounted disposable hollow cavity bottle containers of PET containers, comprising 0.2 ... 0.6 m and determining (forming) the thickness of the acoustic panel module B, which also contains a lining layer of porous sound-absorbing material, to four quarters of sound waves 0 , 25 λ will correspond to the frequency components located in the region of 140 ... 430 Hz, falling into the current frequency range of road and railway noise emissions of 50 ... 300 Hz [1, 2].

The stated technical problem is solved due to the fact that, in contrast to the well-known SHZ technical devices by analogs and prototypes, containing a foundation base, a supporting base, transverse struts, longitudinal profiles, a rear sound-reflecting panel, a front sound-transparent panel, perforated through holes, - in the claimed technical device ShZE sound-absorbing panels are made in the form of formed groups of acoustic panel modules, represented by interlocked acoustic res Helmholtz nators formed by used utilized hollow hollow cavity bottle containers of PET containers containing a capacitive chamber and an open threaded neck part with dismantled threaded plugs. The utilized hollow hollow cavity bottle containers of PET containers with their open threaded throat parts are placed in the corresponding mounting holes of the throat assembly matrix, represented by a perforated sheet metal or polymer structure. The fixed fastening of the utilized hollow hollow cavity bottle containers of PET containers is carried out by screw-on threaded fastening nuts made from standard screw caps with removed (cut off) blind bottoms of the threaded neck parts of the utilized bottle containers of PET containers. The screw-threaded fastening nuts used for these purposes can be formed by mechanical cutting (removal) of the bottom parts of the standard screw-plugs of the threaded neck parts. Sound-absorbing panels composed of formed groups of acoustic panel modules are fixed to the transverse struts, and / or longitudinal profiles, and / or to the base of the SHZ.

The components of the BZE, including the blocked utilized hollow cavity bottle containers of PET containers and the corresponding neck and neck matrix used, form groups of acoustic panel modules that form the sound-absorbing BZE panels. The soundproofing gaskets used in the structure of SHZE structures, at least in separate zones in contact with the conjugated constituent elements of ShZE zones, can be fastened into inseparable monolithic structural modular elements by corresponding sound-transparent adhesive joints (sticky adhesive, thermoactive hot-melt).

Used sound-transparent adhesive compounds of the components of the SHZ can be, in particular, represented:

- sets of spaced thin continuous lines or broken lines of sticky adhesive;

- hot-melt perforated film or fibrous fabric layers of thermoactive adhesives;

- continuous sticky adhesive layer with a specific surface weight of ≤100 g / m ² ;

a continuous layer of thermosetting fusible substance characterized by a specific surface weight of ≤50 g / m ² .

The rear sound-reflecting panel can be made of dense structural material (metal - aluminum, stainless steel, galvanized steel, reinforced chip-cement - durisol, velox, wood - impregnated wood, polymer polymethylmethacrylate, or a multilayer composition of several dissimilar materials).

The open threaded neck of the utilized hollow cavity bottle bottle of the PET container used may contain additional dissipative damping elements, represented as through holes of perforations made in the corresponding zones of its wall, and / or contain a porous air-blown plug placed in the cavity of the open threaded neck of overlapping its bore, and / or contain a porous air-blown fabric (non-woven fabric) layer mounted on the outer end m area of the open threaded neck, and / or contain a porous air-blown fabric (non-woven fabric) layer mounted at least on certain limited sections of the wall surface of the open threaded neck in the areas of the through holes of the perforation.

Installed in the cavities of the open threaded neck portions of hollow cavity bottle containers PET containers, porous air-blown plugs can be made of air-blown foamed open-cell or fibrous sound-absorbing materials. The additional damping channels made in the walls of the open threaded neck portions, represented by the perforation through holes with the total cross-sectional area F _per.o. , should be no more than 0.05 of the passage section area S _{g of the} corresponding cross section of the open threaded neck part of the utilized hollow cavity bottle container PET containers, in the plane of which there are through holes of perforation (F _per.o. ≤0.05 S _g ). In this case, they are characterized by the limiting value of the perforation coefficient of the wall of the open threaded _neck part k _lane. :

The utilized hollow hollow cavity bottle containers of PET containers that have completed their life cycle and must be disposed of in this way can be fixed in separate cells of the carrier base of the acoustic panel module using appropriate adhesives or mechanical fasteners such as locking joints, remote fasteners, profiles, mounting frames.

At least on a limited portion of the outer and / or inner surface of the perforated wall of the throat matrix of the acoustic panel module, using a suitable adhesive, a porous air-blown fabric layer (non-woven fabric layer), or an air-blown layer of a microperforated polymer film, or an air-blown layer of microperforated metal foil material. The thickness of the air-blown layer of these structural materials is 0.025 ... 0.25 mm, specific surface weight is 20 ... 200 g / m ² , and their resistance to blowing by the air flow is in the range of 20 ... 500 N⋅s / m ³ .

The technical device for damping sound energy, presented by the SZE with a pronounced absorption effect of its low-frequency sound range, is formed by separate tuned Helmholtz acoustic resonators R '''containing different frequencies ( _{R R} ) containing additional damping resistive elements of dissipative dissipation introduced into their open throat parts sound energy. Also, in the process of utilization damping of sound energy, a dimensional air layer is formed between the opposed surfaces of the carrier sound-reflecting panel and the perforated walls of the layout-neck matrix and the front panel of the BZE (including a possible additional option for lining the back surface with a porous sound-absorbing layer), with the maximum effect being realized absorption of sound energy of frequency components in which a quarter of the length 0.25 λ is equal to the width of the specified formed gab ritual air layer and the thickness of the assigned sound-absorbing layer of the lining of the layout-throat matrix of the acoustic panel module (parameter B). The given frequency tuning to ensure the efficiency of damping low-frequency sound energy represented by the SZE device is achieved by the appropriate choice of its basic structural components (parameters) differing from each other - the volume of the cavity capacity of the chamber part V _to each of the many different utilized hollow cavity bottle containers of PET containers , open threaded throat parts of which are mounted (interlocked) in the layout-throat matrix, as well as their perceptible overall parameters of geometric lengths h _g and areas of bore open sections of the threaded neck part S _g .

where t ° C - ambient temperature, ° C;

f _R is the value of the natural (resonant) frequency in Hz of the Helmholtz acoustic resonator Rʺ ';

π = 3.14

S _g - the cross-sectional area in m ^{2 of the} open threaded neck portion 12 with the dismantled threaded stopper of the utilized hollow cavity bottle bottle of PET packaging 9;

where d _g is the diameter of the circular bore of the open threaded neck with a dismantled threaded plug used recyclable hollow cavity bottle capacity of PET containers, m;

V _k is the volume of the cavity capacity of the chamber part of the Helmholtz acoustic resonator Rʺ 'corresponding to (identical to) the air volume of the chamber part of the utilized hollow cavity bottle bottle capacity of PET containers, m ³ ;

k _p - conductivity of the open threaded neck of the Helmholtz acoustic resonator Rʺ ', m;

- динамическая длина открытой резьбовой горловой части акустического резонатора Гельмгольца Rʺ', м.Where

- the dynamic length of the open threaded neck of the Helmholtz acoustic resonator Rʺ ', m

where h _g is the geometric (overall) length of the open threaded neck of the Helmholtz acoustic resonator Rʺ ', m

The ratios of the overall geometric parameters used as part of the SHZ technical device, the utilized hollow cavity bottle PET container, form the corresponding efficiency of the use of noise suppressing SHZ technical devices. In this regard, the used hollow cavity cavity disposable PET bottle, characterized by a pronounced separation of the open threaded neck and chamber parts, can be considered as a Helmholtz acoustic resonator, the circuit of which is shown in FIG. 7a. In particular, the domed upper zone of the chamber part, mating with the connecting cylindrical open threaded throat part (see Fig. 7b, 7c, 7g, 7d, 7e), adequately approximates the physical model of the Helmholtz classical acoustic resonator, schematically represented in FIG. 7a.

) открытая горловая часть соизмеримая по габаритам с ее диаметром d_г (площадью S_г), характеризуется эффективными значениями параметра проводимость k акустического резонатора Гельмгольца Rʺ', находящегося в диапазоне 10×10^-3…20,6×10^-3 м. Тем самым, обеспечивается его эффективное функционирование в качестве звукопоглощающего устройства вследствие реализации малого волнового сопротивления горловой части акустического резонатора Гельмгольца Rʺ', с возникновением «короткого акустического замыкания» на его собственной (резонансной) частоте f_R (в узкой частотной полосе Δfc центром f_R).Mating to the chamber part of volume V _k , short (h _r ,

) the open throat portion, commensurate in size with its diameter d _g (area S _g ), is characterized by effective values of the conductivity parameter k of the Helmholtz acoustic resonator Rʺ ', which is in the range 10 × 10 ^-3 ... 20.6 × 10 ^-3 m. ensures its effective functioning as a sound-absorbing device due to the implementation of a small wave impedance of the throat portion of the Helmholtz acoustic resonator Rʺ ', with the occurrence of a “short acoustic circuit” at its natural (resonant) frequency f _R (in a narrow frequency band Δfc center f _R ).

Making a drainage hole in the bottom and / or side wall of the utilized hollow hollow cavity bottle PET container to evacuate possible atmospheric precipitation entering its cavity through an open threaded neck portion (into the chamber cavity) without impairing the acoustic properties of the utilized hollow hollow PET bottle Helmholtz formed acoustic resonators Rʺ ', is achieved by a corresponding restriction on the choice of its overall dimensions (passage area) of the drainage holes

where F _dr.o - the area of the bore of the drainage hole;

S _g - the flow area of the open threaded neck.

Comparison of scientific, technical and patent documentation for the priority date in the main and related sections of the MKI shows that the set of essential features of the claimed technical solution was not previously known, therefore, it meets the patentability condition of “novelty”.

The analysis of known technical solutions in this technical field showed that the inventive device ШЗЭ has features that are absent in the known technical solutions, and their use in the claimed combination of features makes it possible to obtain a new technical result, therefore, the proposed technical solution has an inventive step compared to the existing one. prior art.

The proposed technical solution is industrially applicable, because can be manufactured industrially, efficiently, feasibly and reproducibly, therefore, meets the patentability condition “industrial applicability”.

Other features and advantages of the claimed invention will become apparent from the drawings and the following detailed description of the device, where:

- in FIG. 1 shows a General view of the inventive device SHZ installed in the immediate vicinity of the railway tracks 27 with passing noise generating train 34;

- in FIG. 2 presents a General view of the inventive device SHZ installed in the immediate vicinity of the road (road surface 28) with passing technical objects of a sound-generating passenger-and-freight automobile (cars and trucks) and public automobile (buses) transport 34;

- in FIG. Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional diagram of a ShZE with a curved upper part installed in the immediate vicinity of the road (road surface 28) with passing technical objects of noise-generating passenger-and-freight automobile (cars and trucks) and public automobile (buses) vehicles 34, whose sound-absorbing panels 8, formed by acoustic panel modules 21, made in the form of a blocked used recyclable hollow cavity bottle PET containers s 9, s disassembled screw plug 10 which at their open threaded neck portion 12 positioned and fixedly secured in the fitting hole 14, the throat-matrix layout 13 presented perforated sheet metal structure lined with the inner side of the inner layer are lined with sound-absorbing 16poristogo sound-absorbing material;

- in FIG. 4 is a diagram of a cross-section of a ShZE with a curved upper part installed in the immediate vicinity of a road (road surface 28) with passing technical objects of a noise-generating passenger-and-freight automobile (cars and trucks) and public automobile (buses) vehicles 34, sound-absorbing panels 8 of which, formed by acoustic panel modules 21, made in the form of a blocked used recyclable hollow cavity bottle PET containers s 9, with dismantled threaded plugs 10, which are placed and fixedly fixed in the mounting holes 14 of the throat assembly matrix 13, represented by a perforated sheet structure, lined from the inside by two inner lining layers 16 of the porous sound-absorbing material, with their threaded plugs 12 disassembled ;

- in FIG. 5 is a diagram of the acoustic panel module 21 of the BZE with overall dimensions L × B × H, made in the form of interlocked used disposable hollow cavity bottle containers of PET containers 9, with dismantled threaded plugs 10, which are placed and fixedly mounted in the landing fittings with their threaded open throat parts 12 holes 14 of the layout-throat matrix 13, represented by a composite sheet structure, perforated by perforation holes 15, concentrated in various localized zones surfaces and differing in number and area of a section through passage;

- in FIG. 6 shows a diagram of the acoustic panel module 21 of the BZE with overall dimensions L × B × H, made in the form of nine interlocked used disposable hollow cavity bottle containers of PET containers 9 placed in a supporting profiled sheet base 33 of the assembly layout of used recycled hollow cavity bottle containers of 9 PET bottles , with dismantled threaded plugs 10, which with their open threaded throat parts 12 are placed and fixedly fixed in the mounting holes 14 layout-g rlovoy matrix 13;

и площадью сечения S_г горловой части 12, определяющих собственную (резонансную) частоту f_R акустического резонатора Гельмгольца 19-Rʺ', согласно приведенных соотношений геометрических и физических параметров (см. также выражения 2…5);- in FIG. 7a shows a diagram of a Helmholtz acoustic resonator of a classical type, characterized by a bulb-shaped geometric shape of the chamber part 11, with formed air volumes of the throat 12-V _g and chamber 11-V _{to the} parts, with air masses m _g and m _k concentrated in them, geometric length h _g dynamic length

and the cross-sectional area S _{g of the} neck portion 12, which determines the natural (resonant) frequency f _{R of the} Helmholtz acoustic resonator 19-Rʺ ', according to the given ratios of geometric and physical parameters (see also expressions 2 ... 5);

и площадью сечения S_г открытой резьбовой горловой части и воздушным объемом V_г (сосредоточенной в ее объеме массой воздуха m_г), характеризующуюся исследованным верхним предельным значением эффективных соотношений площадей поперечных сечений горловой и камерной частей (с куполообразной верхней зоной камерной части) S_г/S_к=0,13;- in FIG. 7b shows a diagram of the utilized hollow hollow cavity bottle capacity of PET containers 9, the geometric parameters of which adequately approximate the functioning Helmholtz classical acoustic resonator Rʺ ', pos. 19, containing the chamber part 11 - air volume V_to (air mass m concentrated in its volume_to) and an open threaded neck portion 12, of geometric length h_gdynamic length

 and cross-sectional area S_g open threaded neck and air volume V_g (air mass m concentrated in its volume_g), characterized by the studied upper limit value of the effective ratios of the cross-sectional areas of the throat and chamber parts (with a domed upper zone of the chamber part) S_g/ S_to= 0.13;

и площадью сечения S_г открытой резьбовой горловой части и воздушным объемом V_г (сосредоточенной в ее объеме массой воздуха m_г), характеризующуюся исследованным нижним предельным значением эффективных соотношений площадей поперечных сечений открытой резьбовой горловой и камерной частей (с куполообразной верхней зоной камерной части) S_г/S_к=0,03, а в боковой стенке камерной части 11 выполнено дренажное отверстие 36;- in FIG. 7c shows a diagram of the utilized hollow hollow cavity bottle capacity of PET containers 9, the geometric parameters of which adequately approximate the functioning scheme of the Helmholtz classical acoustic resonator Rʺ ', pos. 19, containing the chamber part 11 - with an air volume V _k (air mass m _k concentrated in its volume) and an open threaded neck part 12, of geometric length h _g , dynamic length

and the cross-sectional area S _{g of the} open threaded neck and air volume V _g (air mass m _g concentrated in its volume), characterized by the lower limit value of the effective cross-sectional area ratios of the open threaded neck and chamber parts (with a domed upper zone of the chamber part) S _g / S _k = 0.03, and a drainage hole 36 is made in the side wall of the chamber portion 11;

- in FIG. 7d shows a diagram with the geometric parameters of the components of the Helmholtz acoustic resonator R'ʺ pos. 19 formed by the utilized hollow hollow cavity bottle PET container 9 containing the chamber part 11 with an air volume V _k and the open threaded neck part 12 with an air volume V _g , the end portion of which is covered by an air-blown sound-transparent layer 22, and in the bottom wall of the chamber part 11 a drainage hole 36 is made;

- in FIG. 7e shows the geometric parameters of the components of the Helmholtz acoustic resonator Rʺ ', pos. 19 formed by the utilized hollow hollow cavity bottle PET container 9, containing the chamber portion 11 with an air volume V _k and the open threaded neck portion 12 with an air volume V _g , while the walls of the open threaded neck portion 12 are perforated with through holes 20;

длиной и воздушным объемом V_г с сосредоточенной в ней упругой массой воздуха m_г;- in FIG. 7f shows a simplified schematic physical model of an oscillatory acoustic system represented by a Helmholtz acoustic resonator Rʺ 19 formed by a utilized hollow cavity bottle bottle PET container 9 containing a chamber portion 11 with an elastic air mass m _k concentrated therein, an open threaded neck portion 12 of a geometric h _g dynamic

length and air volume V _g with concentrated elastic mass of air m _{g in it} ;

- in FIG. 8 is a diagram of the structural and technological design of a fragment of a ShZE equipped with a rear sound-reflecting panel 6, on which an acoustic panel module 21 is mounted by means of mounting and fixing elements of adhesive type 23, which forms a sound-absorbing panel 8, with the formation of mating interconnections between the mounting and fixing elements of adhesive type 23 of mounted sixteen used disposable hollow cavity bottle containers of PET containers of 9 identical geometric shapes, overall sizes and air volumes of chamber 11 and open threaded neck parts 12;

- in FIG. 9 is a diagram of the structural and technological design of a fragment of a ShZE equipped with a rear sound-reflecting panel 6, on which an acoustic panel module 21 is mounted by means of mounting and fixing elements of adhesive type 23, which forms a sound-absorbing panel 8, by creating mating joints between the mounting and fixing elements of adhesive type 23, assembled twenty-six utilizable hollow cavity bottle containers of PET containers of 9 different geometric shapes, overall dimensions air volume of chamber 11 and the open threaded neck portions 12;

- in FIG. 10 is a diagram of the structural and technological design of the FZE fragment formed by the supporting profiled sheet and rod base 33 of the mounting arrangement mounted on the rear sound-reflecting panel 6, which contains the Helmholtz acoustic resonators 19 formed by nine utilized hollow cavity bottle containers of PET-9 overall and geometric shapes and sizes;

- in FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional diagram of an acoustic panel module 21, represented by a family of Helmholtz acoustic resonators 19, formed by used disposable hollow cavity bottle containers of PET containers 9, mounted by means of mounting and fixing elements of adhesive type 23 on the surface of the rear sound reflecting panel 6, while the open threaded neck parts 12 utilizable hollow cavity bottle containers of PET-containers 9 are installed in the landing holes of the 14 neck-throat matrix 13, containing a supporting plate structure, perforated with perforation holes 15 and an inner lining sound-absorbing layer 16 of a molded type, covering the outer surface of the walls of the open threaded neck parts 12 and the upper dome-shaped zones of the surface of the walls of the chamber parts 11;

- in FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional diagram of an acoustic panel module 21, represented by a family of Helmholtz acoustic resonators 19, formed by used disposable hollow cavity bottle containers of PET containers 9, mounted by means of mounting and fixing elements of adhesive type 23 on the surface of the rear reflective panel 6, and on the side surfaces of the contacting walls 6 chamber parts 11 of utilizable hollow cavity bottle bottles of PET containers 9, with open threaded neck parts 12 of tilizable hollow cavity bottle containers of PET containers 9 are installed in the landing holes 14 of the throat assembly matrix 13, containing a lamellar structure perforated with perforation holes 15 and an inner lining sound-absorbing layer 16 of the flat-sheet type, covering the outer surface of the walls of the open threaded neck portions 12;

- in FIG. 13 shows a diagram of the structural and technological design of the profiled sheet-metal base of the mounting arrangement 33 of the components of the acoustic panel module 21, in the undercuts of which the Helmholtz acoustic resonators 19 are formed, formed by the utilized hollow cavity bottle containers of the PET container of 9 identical geometric shapes, overall dimensions and chamber volumes 11 and open threaded throat parts 12, which are installed in the respective landing holes ia 14 layout throat matrix 13;

- in FIG. 14 is a diagram of the structural and technological embodiment of the acoustic panel module 21, presented in the form of a profiled supporting sheet base 33 of the mounting arrangement, mounted on the rear sound reflecting panel 6, containing Helmholtz acoustic resonators 19, formed by nine utilized hollow cavity bottle containers of PET containers 9 identical in overall dimensions -geometric sizes, while their open threaded neck parts 12 are installed in the landing holes 14 of the patterns full-throat matrix 13;

- in FIG. 15 is a diagram of the structural and technological design of a fragment of a ShZE containing a rear sound-reflecting panel 6 on which an acoustic panel module 21 is mounted as a part of a sound-absorbing panel 8, formed by nine utilized hollow cavity bottle containers of PET containers 9 of identical geometric shapes, overall dimensions and chamber air volumes 11 and open threaded neck portions 12, while their open threaded neck portions 12 are installed in the mounting holes 14 of the layout neck th matrix 13 comprising two inner footer mounted sound-absorbing layer 16;

- in FIG. 16 is a design diagram of a single-wall flat lamellar perforated structure of a throat assembly matrix 13 in the wall of which there are mounting holes 14 and perforation holes 15;

- in FIG. 17 is a diagram of the structural and technological design of a double-walled, made of flat perforated lamellar structures, a throat assembly matrix 13 in each of whose walls are made coaxial landing holes 14 and perforation holes 15;

- in FIG. 18 is a diagram of the structural and technological coupling of the constituent elements of the acoustic panel module 21 in the mounting area of the fragment portion of the neck assembly 13, in the mounting holes 14 of which, using the screwed threaded nut 18, an open threaded neck portion 12 of the utilized hollow cavity bottleneck capacity of PET containers 9, represented by the Helmholtz acoustic resonator 19;

- in FIG. 19 is a diagram of the structural and technological design of the mating components of the acoustic panel module 21 in the area of the fragment section of the single-wall structure of the neck assembly 13, in the mounting holes 14 of which open threaded neck sections 12 are installed and fixed using screwed threaded nuts 18, the walls of which are perforated perforation holes 20 used recyclable hollow cavity bottle containers of PET containers of 9 different geometric shapes, ha barite sizes and cavity air volumes, forming the family of Helmholtz acoustic resonators 19, with different natural (resonant) frequencies f _R ;

- in FIG. 20 shows a diagram of the structural and technological design of the mating components of the acoustic panel module 21 in the area of the fragmented section of the double-walled structure of the neck-throat matrix 13, between the perforated walls of which an inner lining sound-absorbing layer 16 is installed, and in its landing holes 14, using screwed threaded fastening nuts 18, the open threaded throat parts 12 of the utilized hollow hollow cavity bottle containers of PET containers 9 are fixed. geometrical shapes, overall dimensions and different cavity air volumes, forming the family of Helmholtz acoustic resonators 19, with different natural (resonant) frequencies f _R ;

- in FIG. 21 shows a diagram of the structural and technological design of the mating components of the acoustic panel module 21 in the area of the fragmented section of the double-walled structure of the neck-throat matrix 13, on the inner surfaces of the walls of which are installed internal lining sound-absorbing layers 16 (flat-sheeted - between the walls of the threaded neck parts 12 and integral - on the back surface of the walls of the chamber parts 11), in its landing holes 14 are installed open threaded neck parts 12 used in tilizable hollow cavity bottle containers of PET containers of 9 different geometric shapes, dimensions and differing cavity air volumes, forming a family of Helmholtz acoustic resonators 19, differing in their own (resonant) frequencies f _R , in the side walls of the chamber part 11 there are drainage holes 36;

- in FIG. 22 is a diagram of the structural and technological design of the mating components of the acoustic panel module 21 in the area of the fragmented section of the single-wall structure of the throat-forming matrix 13, on the inner surface of which there is an integral molded inner lining sound-absorbing layer 16 that mates with the wall surfaces of the open threaded neck parts 12 and chamber parts 11, threaded neck parts 12 of used scraps are installed in the mounting holes 14 of the layout neck matrix 13 There are 9 different geometric shapes, overall dimensions and cavity air volumes that form the families of Helmholtz acoustic resonators 19 with different natural (resonant) frequencies f _R , porous air-blown plugs 35 are installed in the cavities of the threaded neck portions 12.

The following notation is used in the figures shown:

1 - the foundation of the SHZ;

2 - base part of the ShZE;

3 - bearing base SHZ (not shown in the figures);

4 - transverse strut SHZ (not shown in the figures);

5 - longitudinal struts SHZ (not shown in the figures);

6 - rear sound-reflecting panel ШЗЭ;

7 - front translucent panel SHZE;

8 - sound absorbing panel SHZ;

9 - utilized hollow cavity cavity bottle containers of PET containers;

10 - disposable threaded plugs with blind bottoms of disposable hollow cavity bottle containers of PET containers 9 (not shown in the figures);

11 - chamber part of the utilized hollow cavity cavity bottle capacity of PET containers 9;

12 - an open threaded neck with a dismantled threaded stopper 10 of a utilized hollow cavity bottle bottle of a PET container 9;

13 - layout-throat matrix;

14 - landing holes layout throat matrix 13;

15 - hole perforation of the wall of the throat matrix 13;

16 - the inner lining layer of the sound-absorbing material of the neck-throat matrix 13;

17 - the outer facing layer of the translucent material of the neck-throat matrix 13 (not shown in the figures);

18 - screw threaded fastening nuts, formed from dismantled threaded plugs 10 of disposable hollow cavity bottle containers of PET containers 9, with the blind ends of threaded plugs 10 removed;

19 - Helmholtz acoustic resonators formed by utilized hollow cavity bottle bottles of PET containers 9;

20 - holes for wall perforation of the open threaded neck portion 12 with a dismantled disposable threaded plug 10 of a disposable hollow cavity bottle bottle of PET container 9;

21 - acoustic panel module;

22 - an air-blown sound-transparent layer of material (perforated film, perforated foil, fabric, non-woven fabric), covering the passage sections of the open threaded neck portions 12 with the dismantled threaded stopper 10 of the utilized hollow cavity bottle containers of PET containers 9;

23 - mounting and fastening elements of a mechanical and / or adhesive type;

24 - sound-insulating elements (not shown in the figures);

25 - upper protective rib ShZE;

26 - lower protective rib ShZE;

27 - railway tracks;

28 - road surface;

29 - translucent panel (not shown in the figures);

30 - mounting frame for mounting a translucent panel (not shown in the figures);

31 - protective sound-transparent film or protective sound-transparent foil layer of the front soundproof panel 7 of the ShZE (not shown in the figures);

32 - hole perforation of the front translucent panel 7 SHZE;

33 - supporting profiled sheet or rod basis of the mounting arrangement of utilized hollow cavity bottle bottles of PET containers 9;

34 - source of noise radiation (moving motor vehicle, moving train);

35 - a porous air-blown cork of an open threaded neck portion 12 with a dismantled threaded plug 10 of a utilized hollow cavity bottle bottle of a PET container 9;

36 - drainage hole of the chamber part 11 of the utilized hollow cavity bottle bottle of PET packaging 9.

Accepted letter designations of composite structural elements and physical parameters used in the description of the claimed technical solution:

α _r - reverberation coefficient of sound absorption;

f is the frequency of sound vibrations, Hz (s ^-1 );

f _R is the value of the intrinsic (resonant) frequency in Hz of the Helmholtz acoustic resonator Rʺ ', Hz;

Δf is the width of the frequency band (resonance characteristic), Hz;

ϕ - phase of sound vibrations, deg .;

T is the period of sound vibrations;

s is the speed of sound, m / s;

λ is the sound wavelength, m;

0.25λ _apm - a quarter of the sound wavelength, which fits within the overall parameter B of the acoustic panel module (pos. 21), m;

t ° С - air temperature in degrees Celsius;

Q - parametric characteristic "quality factor";

k is the conductivity of the Helmholtz acoustic resonator Rʺ '(pos. 19), m;

k _p - conductivity of the open threaded neck portion 12 of the Helmholtz acoustic resonator Rʺ '(pos. 19), m

m _g is the mass of air concentrated in the volume V _{g of the} open threaded neck portion 12 of the utilized utilized hollow cavity bottle bottle of PET packaging 9, kg;

m _to is the mass of air concentrated in volume V _{to the} chamber part of the utilized hollow cavity bottle bottle of PET packaging 9, kg;

R is the acoustic resonator;

R 'is a quarter-wave acoustic resonator;

Rʺ is the half-wave acoustic resonator;

R '' '- Helmholtz acoustic resonator;

L is the length of the acoustic panel module 21, m;

B is the thickness of the acoustic panel module 21, m;

H - the height of the acoustic panel module 21, m;

π = 3.14;

Δ _equiv - the value of the formed equivalent air gap between the adjacent end (face) surfaces of the separate sound-absorbing panels, m (see prototype);

z is the width of the air gap formed between the front surfaces of the separate sound-absorbing elements and the surface of the front perforated panel, the front surfaces of the separate sound-absorbing elements and the surface of the rear sound-reflecting panel, m (see prototype);

_sn h - the thickness of separate acoustical panels defined sectional dimension perpendicular to the front surface of the base substrate, m (see prototype.);

h _g is the geometric length of the open threaded neck portion 12 of the utilized hollow cavity bottle bottle of PET packaging 9;

- динамическая длина открытой резьбовой горловой части 12 акустического резонатора Гельмгольца Rʺ' (поз. 19), м;

- the dynamic length of the open threaded neck portion 12 of the Helmholtz acoustic resonator Rʺ '(pos. 19), m;

d _to - the diameter of the circular bore of the chamber part 11 of the utilized hollow cavity bottle bottle PET containers 9, m;

d _g - the diameter of the circular bore of the open threaded neck portion 12 with the dismantled threaded plug 10 of the utilized hollow cavity bottle bottle of PET packaging 9, m.

F _lane - the total cross-sectional area of the additional damping channels in the form of perforation holes 20 made in the walls of the open threaded neck portions 12 of the utilized hollow hollow cavity bottle containers of PET containers 9, m ² ;

F _dr.o. - the area of the bore of the drainage hole 36, m ² ;

S _to - the area of the passage section of the chamber part 11 of the utilized hollow cavity bottle bottle PET containers 9, m ² ;

S _g - the cross-sectional area of the open threaded neck portion 12 with the dismounted threaded plug 10 of the utilized hollow cavity bottle bottle of PET packaging 9, m ² ;

S _el - the projection area on the front surface of the bearing base is smaller in area from the nearby separate sound-absorbing panels mounted on it, m (see prototype);

V _to - the volume of the cavity capacity of the chamber part of the Helmholtz acoustic resonator Rʺ ', m ³

V _g - air volume of the open threaded neck portion 12 of the Helmholtz acoustic resonator Rʺ '(pos. 19), m ³ ;

k _lane - the coefficient of wall perforation of the open threaded neck portion 12 of the utilized hollow cavity bottle bottle of PET packaging 9;

k _per-g is the wall perforation coefficient of the open threaded neck portion 12 of the Helmholtz acoustic resonator Rʺ '(pos. 19);

k _per-pm is the perforation coefficient of the perforated plate element of the throat assembly matrix 13;

k _per-lp is the perforation coefficient of the front soundproof panel 7 of the ShZE.

The technical terms used in the text of the description of the application for the invention are given below.

Sound absorption is the physical process of an irreversible dissipative transition of vibrational mechanical (wave) energy propagated in the elastic medium of a sound wave into thermal energy. It is estimated in arbitrary units by the sound absorption coefficient (normal - α _n and reverberation - α _r ) and / or the equivalent sound absorption area (A), in m ² .

Soundproofing. The term “sound insulation” is used to denote three technical (physical) characteristics and refers directly to the acoustic (noise-reducing) structure itself, to the complex physical process of absorption and reflection of sound waves by the acoustic structure, and to the quantitative assessment of the change (attenuation) in the transmission of acoustic radiation (numerical change of parameters) physical process of energy transfer of acoustic radiation) introduced by the used acoustic structure. It is a measure of sound insulation by a screen partition, wall or panel, expressed in dB.

Perforated hole (perforation holes) - one or more through holes of a given (usually identical) geometric shape and overall dimensions (passage area), located relative to each other and / or relative to another closely spaced structural element of the part (assembly) at a given distance. Perforation - from the Latin perforato - punch, puncture - the technological process of making through holes of given sizes, located accordingly in the wall structure of the manufactured part (assembly). Microperforation refers to holes with a diameter not exceeding 0.001 m, i.e. no more than 1 mm.

Perforation coefficient is the ratio of the total area of perforation holes to the total area of the front surface of the wall (part structure) that has been subjected to the perforation procedure (until it is perforated).

Sound transparency is a physical property of structures (individual structural elements - plates, shells, films) to transmit a sound wave without significantly attenuating its energy (without significant reflection in the direction opposite to propagation from the radiation source). Quantitatively, opacity is characterized by the transmission coefficient of sound. A structure is considered soundproof if its attenuation of the transmission of sound energy does not exceed 10%.

Sound diffraction is a physical property characterizing the deviation of the behavior of sound propagation from the laws of geometric acoustics, due to the wave nature of sound propagation, in particular, causing the phenomenon of bending of propagated sound waves into the region of the sound shadow behind an enveloped sound reflecting obstacle that is larger than the length of the propagated sound wave .

Acoustic resonators are frequency-tuned sound-damping devices (Helmholtz resonators R четвер ', quarter-wave R' and half-wave Rʺ acoustic resonators R), designed for the dissipative absorption (scattering, damping) of sound (acoustic) energy propagated in the gas-dynamic (aerodynamic) system to which they connected the most efficient use of acoustic resonators R refers to the absorption of resonant sound vibrations that are discretely allocated in the noise spectra of a gas-dynamic (aerodynamic) system.

The natural (resonant) frequency f _R is the oscillation frequency at which the resonance phenomenon takes place (in this case, the sound frequency at which acoustic resonance is observed, characterized by a significant amplification of the sound pressure amplitudes).

The quality factor Q is a parametric characteristic determined by the frequency width of the resonance characteristics Δf, responsible for dissipative losses and limited by the frequency domain of the decay of the amplitude value by 3 dB relative to the value of the intrinsic (resonant) oscillation frequency f _R )

The quality factor of the frequency characteristic of an acoustic resonator R is the parametric characteristic of an acoustic resonator, indicating the internal dissipative losses that occur in it, both in individual composite structures (elements) of the acoustic resonator and due to external energy losses that are directly related to the process of sound emission into the environment, which also consumes a certain part of the vibrational energy of the acoustic resonator R.

Wave interference is the physical process of adding in an unlimited space or in a limited waveguide two or more waves having the same oscillation periods T, as a result of which in different zones of an unlimited space or limited space of the waveguide, the amplitude value of the resulting wave increases or decreases depending on the phase ratios oscillations of folding (interacting) waves, thus forming uneven spatial distributions of the amplitude of the resulting wave guide.

Glues, adhesives - compositions based on organic or inorganic substances, capable of joining (gluing) various materials; their action is due to the formation of a strong adhesive bond between the adhesive layer and the joined surfaces; the strength of the adhesive joint is also affected by the cohesion of the adhesive layer and mating surfaces; The basis of organic adhesives are mainly synthetic oligomers and polymers (phenol-formaldehyde, epoxy, polyester resins, polyamides, polyurethanes, silicon-organic polymers, rubbers, etc.), which form the adhesive film as a result of hardening during cooling (thermoplastic adhesives), curing (thermosetting adhesives) ) or vulcanization (rubber adhesives); inorganic adhesives include aluminophosphate, ceramic, silicate, metal.

Sound-absorbing material - an acoustic material with a reverberation coefficient of sound absorption α _{g of} at least 0.2.

Sound-transparent material (film, film micro-perforated, foil micro-perforated, fabric, non-woven fabric) is a structural material, the installation of which on the surface of the porous sound-absorbing layer (by performing appropriate sound-transparent "technological stitching" of their mating surfaces) causes an allowable drop in the reverberation sound absorption coefficient (α _r ) not more than 10%.

Dissipative losses - irreversible dispersion (loss) of energy (in this case, vibrational energy).

The inventive device ШЗЭ contains a foundation base 1, a base part 2, a bearing base 3, transverse struts 4, longitudinal profiles 5, a rear sound-reflecting panel 6, perforated through holes, a front soundproof panel 7, sound-absorbing panels 8 formed by acoustic panel modules 21 made in in the form of blocked utilized hollow cavity bottle containers of PET containers 9 containing a capacitive chamber 11 and an open threaded neck portion 12 with dismantled screw plugs 1 0, which, with their threaded throat parts 12, are placed in the mounting holes 14 of the throat assembly matrix 13, represented by a perforated sheet metal or polymer structure, and are fixedly fixed therein with corresponding screw-threaded fastening nuts 18, formed from standard screw-in plugs 10 with blind bottoms of threaded throat 12, with cut off bottom parts of standard screw caps 10 threaded neck parts 12 disposable bottle containers of PET containers 9. Educated e acoustic panel modules 21 sound-absorbing panels 8 used by the composite technical elements used recyclable hollow cavity bottle containers of PET containers 9, forming Helmholtz acoustic resonators 19 provide a given sound-absorbing effect.

The air volumes V _{to the} chamber parts 11 interlocked into the acoustic panel modules 21 of the used (most common, typical) utilized hollow cavity bottle containers of PET containers 9 are mainly in the range of values V _to = (0.35 ... 18.9) × 10 ^-3 m ³ (see table. 1). The ratio of the air volumes of their open threaded neck parts (pos. 12) V _g to the air volumes V _{to the} chamber parts (pos. 11) used in the composition of the blocked recycled hollow cavity bottle containers of PET containers 9 of the acoustic panel modules 21 is (located in range of values) V _d / V _a = (0,009 ... 0,02) × 10 ^-3. The ratio of the areas of the passage cross sections of the open threaded neck parts (pos. 12) S _g to the corresponding sections of their chamber parts (pos. 11) S _k used in the composition of the acoustic panel modules 21, formed by the blocked utilized hollow cavity bottle containers of PET containers 9, is (is in the range) S _g / S _k = 0.03 ... 0.13. At the same time, the ratio of the diameters of the passage cross sections of open threaded neck parts (pos. 12) d _g to the corresponding diameters of the cavities of their chamber parts (pos. 11) d _k (for the circular section of the chamber part 11) in the composition of the blocked recycled hollow cavity bottle containers PET- packaging 9 is d _g / d _to = 0.2 ... 0.6.

In the bottom and / or side walls of the chamber parts 11 of the utilized hollow cavity bottle containers of the PET container 9, respective drainage holes 36 may be contained (see Fig. 7b, 7c, 7g, 19, 21, 22), the total passage area F _{other about.} which does not exceed a predetermined boundary value with respect to the cross-sectional area of the throat S _{g of} part 12 represented in expression (6).

In the cavity cantilevered to the open threaded portion 12 with the dismounted threaded stopper 10 used by the utilized hollow cavity bottle bottle of the PET container 9, with the passage section closed, a porous air-blown stopper 35 can be mounted (see Fig. 22). Also, perforation holes 20 (see FIGS. 19, 20) can be made in the wall of the open threaded neck portion 12 (see Fig. 19, 20), the passage sections of which can be blocked by a fixed external soundproofing and translucent surface layer 22 (see FIG. mounting and fixing elements of mechanical and / or adhesive type 23.

The upper protective rib 25 and the lower protective rib 26 are connected to the contacting parts of the components of the ШЗЭ - bearing base 3, transverse struts 4, longitudinal profiles 5, rear sound-reflecting panel 6, front soundproof panel 7, acoustic panel modules 21 of sound-absorbing panels 8, external facing sound-transparent layer of the throat-forming matrix 17, air-blowing sound-transparent layer 22, sealing and soundproofing elements 24, bearing profiled sheet Do stem bases of the mounting arrangement 33, the assembly and the mechanical fasteners 23 and / or adhesive type.

The upper protective rib 25 and the lower protective rib 26 of the ШЗЭ can be made with a U-shaped cross section, providing an additional sealing effect of the ШЗЭ and providing the accompanying additional fixing of the upper and lower end parts of the utilized hollow cavity bottle containers of PET containers 9.

As part of the design of the device ШЗЭ 1, corresponding sealing soundproofing elements 24, translucent panels 29 and mounting frames 30 can also be used for their fastening. A protective sound-transparent film or a protective sound-transparent foil layer 31 can be mounted on the front sound-transparent panel 7. This ensures the construction of the SZE device to fulfill the necessary requirements (characteristics) of acoustics (noise attenuation), reliability, durability and aesthetic design.

The utilized hollow cavity bottle containers of PET containers 9 can be represented by identical chamber parts 11 (air volumes of chamber parts, areas of passage sections of chamber parts) identical to or differing in size and geometrical shapes, and open threaded neck parts 12 (air volumes, geometric lengths and areas of cross-sections). Also, they may differ in the applied structural materials.

Helmholtz acoustic resonators Rʺ '(pos. 19), placed as part of one acoustic panel module 21 of the sound-absorbing panel 8 can be composed and arranged in the form of separate nodal groups characterized by identical or different frequency characteristics. In particular, they can be characterized by identical or different values of physical parameters — intrinsic (resonant) frequency f _R , Q factor Q, the presence or absence in their structures of the corresponding layers of sound-absorbing and / or sound-transparent materials, sealing sound-insulating materials, dissipative structural elements in open neck parts in the form of perforation holes 20 of the wall of the open threaded neck part 12, air-blown sound-transparent layers of materials 22, covering the passage open cross sections of the threaded portions 12, vozduhoproduvaemyh porous plugs 35 mounted in cavities open threaded portions 12 of recyclable hollow cavity bottle containers PET containers 9.

The use of protective soundproof transparent film or protective soundproof foil layers 31 mounted on the front soundproof panel 7 in the design of the components of the SHZ allows, without significant (no more than 10%) deterioration of the sound absorbing characteristics of the SHZ, to prevent atmospheric precipitation and accumulation in the components of the ShZE and / or of various types of small amorphous particles, process fluids (used in the washing processes of SCE), insects, to exclude the destruction of the SCE due to possible replacement zaniya moisture at low (alternating) operating temperatures (ambient temperatures).

The rear sound-reflecting panel 6 ШЗЭ can be fixed both on the bearing base 3 transverse 4 and longitudinal 5 racks, and on the supporting profiled sheet or rod base 33.

The front translucent soundproof panel 7 and / or the rear soundproofing panel 6 can be made of dense structural materials, for example, metal (aluminum, stainless steel, galvanized steel), reinforced chip-cement (dyurisol, veloks), wooden (impregnated wood), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The perforation holes 32 of the front translucent panel 7 can be made round or in the form of inclined slotted grooves, and the perforation coefficient characterizing its sound transparency properties is adopted according to the expression k _per- lp ≥ 0.2.

The front soundproof panel 7 can be located both with an air gap and can be mounted gaplessly relative to the opposite surfaces of the soundproofing panel 8, and can also additionally contain appropriate mechanical or adhesive joints (connections) with it, using the corresponding mounting and fixing elements 23 of the mechanical and / or adhesive type.

Used protective sound-transparent film or sound-transparent foil layers 31 can be represented by a continuous or perforated (microperforated) air-blown (air-blown) elastic polymer film (polyester aluminized, urethane, polyvinyl chloride) or thin continuous or perforated (microperforated metal) aluminum perforated brass).

The thickness of the continuous (perforated) protective sound-transparent air-blown (air-blown) film layer 31 is in the range of 0.010 ... 0.1 mm, and its specific surface weight is 20 ... 70 g / m ² . The thickness of the protective sound-transparent continuous (perforated) air-blown (air-blown) foil layer is in the range of 0.05 ... 0.3 mm, and its specific surface weight should not exceed 0.8 kg / m ² .

The additional damping channels in the form of perforation holes 20 with a total cross-sectional area F _per.o. made in the walls of the open threaded neck portions 12 of the utilized hollow cavity bottle containers of the PET container 9 represented by Helmholtz acoustic resonators 19 do not exceed the value 0.05S _g (F _lane o. _≤ 0.05S _g , where S _g is the passage area of the open threaded neck portion 12 of the Helmholtz acoustic resonator 19, the plane of which contains the indicated perforation holes 20, characterized by the perforation coefficient k _{per-g of the} wall of the open threaded neck portion 12 of the Helmholtz acoustic resonator 19).

On the external end surfaces of the walls of nearby disposable hollow cavity bottle containers of PET containers 9, additional soundproofing sealing elements 24 can be additionally mounted.

For possible regulation of the conductivity (resistance to blowing through the air flow, acoustic resistance) of the waveguide (sound-conducting) channels represented by the open threaded neck portions of 12 utilized hollow cavity bottle containers of PET containers 9, which form Helmholtz acoustic resonators Rʺ '(item 19), they can additionally overlap with the corresponding structures of the porous air-blown plugs 35, as shown in FIG. 22. Preferred structural materials for porous air-blown plugs 35 may be porous fibrous and / or foamed open-cell sound-absorbing materials used for the manufacture of typical sound-absorbing upholstery (panels, gaskets), dismantled from various types of noise-generating technical objects, mainly having already completed their life cycle and to be in connection with these disposal processes. This type of repeated recycled application can improve the environmental characteristics of the environment and ensure resource conservation. An air-blown sound-transparent layer of material 22 can be mounted on open threaded neck portions 12 with a dismantled screw plug 10 of utilized hollow cavity bottle containers of PET containers 9, with overlapping their passage sections.

In the operation processes of 1 generating vehicles, as well as other various types of noise-activated technological and / or production equipment located near motorways and / or railways, in residential areas and adjacent open areas, spurious sound energy is generated that pollutes the environment, which is qualified by external noise of noise generating technical objects. When using the inventive technical device provided by the ShZE, located in the immediate vicinity of the source (family of sources) of noise radiation 34 (for example, vehicles, trains, etc.), sound waves emitted by them (them) propagating into a hemispherical open space (limited reflecting sound waves by the earth’s surface), fall on the composite blocking (sound-reflecting, sound-absorbing and sound-insulating) elements of the SHE, partially reflected from them in the opposite The direction of forward propagation, and partially penetrate the sound absorbing structure dissipative constituent elements SHZE. Passing direct sound waves (propagating and penetrating into the structures) and sound waves reflected from the constituent elements of the SCE, fall on their front surfaces and penetrate their structures.

This applies, in particular, to utilized hollow cavity bottle containers of PET containers 9, represented by Helmholtz acoustic resonators 19 and porous dissipative elements of acoustic panel modules 21, represented by perforation holes 15 of the wall of the layout-neck matrix 13, internal lining sound absorbing 16 and external facing sound-transparent layers 17 of the layout and throat matrix 13, and also partially reflected from them in the direction of the sources of radiation of sound energy, with the formation of or that the resulting noise reducing (sound insulating, sound-absorbing) effect.

открытых резьбовых горловых частей 12 согласно выражению (5).Noise radiation and, in particular, low-frequency sound radiation, the most characteristic and relevant for 1-generating transport (automobile, railway) streams [1, 2] at the sound frequencies coinciding (close in value) with the resonant frequencies of sound vibrations f _{R of} Helmholtz acoustic resonators 19, formed by the utilized hollow cavity containers of the PET container 9, effectively penetrates into their open threaded neck portions 12 due to the low acoustic resistance formed in them Submission Form ( "short acoustic circuit") used Helmholtz resonator 19, which occurs at the resonant (own) frequencies of sound vibrations f _R, and is effectively absorbed by them as a result of the concomitant expenditure of energy spent on the excitation of the resonance amplitudes of air masses oscillations with resonance frequencies of sound vibrations f _R, centered in the cavities of the open threaded neck portions 12 (including vyazkoprisoedinennye terminal extensions of their dynamic increments hesitate REGARD air mass) determined by dynamic lengths

open threaded neck parts 12 according to the expression (5).

As a result of the work on the dynamic excitation of resonant sound vibrations with resonant frequencies of sound vibrations f _R and resulting, at the same time, associated energy costs spent on friction of the vibrating air mass-surface zones of the walls of the open threaded neck portions 12 of Helmholtz acoustic resonators 19, when resonant resonances are excited in them air pillars oscillations with resonance frequencies of sound vibrations f _R, having appropriate energy dissipative sweat When causing a reduction of sound energy (radiation noise). First of all, they are caused by the processes of dynamic friction of the oscillating air mass (oscillating masses) enclosed in the cavity of the open threaded neck part 12 against the walls of the marked solid-state elements forming the specified open threaded neck part 12, with the resultant irreversible energy conversion of the propagated sound (oscillatory ) energy in heat. For the corresponding intensification of the ongoing physical processes, with additional dissipative losses arising, and for targeted control (expansion) of the frequency response of the damping of the used Helmholtz acoustic resonator 19, by changing its quality factor, an additional dissipative (energy-scattering) can be placed in the cavity of the open threaded neck part 12 viscoelastic friction element, presented in the form of a porous air-blown plug 35 (Fig. 22), and / or dissipative energy-dissipating elements in the form of surface air-blown sound-transparent layers 22 (perforated, foiled, perforated, woven, non-woven fabric, as shown in Fig. 7d) can be fixed on its open end section (overlapping its bore section). A similar type of function of the additional dissipative energy dissipating damping elements introduced into the open threaded neck portion 12 can produce perforation holes 20 made in their walls (see Fig. 19, 20). In turn, they can also (if necessary) be additionally covered by the corresponding dissipative surface cladding breathable sound-transparent layers 22 (perforated film, perforated foil, air-blown fabric or non-woven fabric) materials. The cross-section of the perforation holes 20 may also overlap with the porous air-blown sound-absorbing structure of the inner lining layer of the sound-absorbing material 16 of the neck-throat matrix 13 (see Fig. 20). In these cases, work is carried out (energy is expended) for punching and sucking air into the cavity of the open threaded neck portion 12 in the process of resonant vibrations (pulsations) of the air mass at high-amplitude resonant vibrations with a frequency f _R through the indicated perforation holes 20.

Held by Helmholtz acoustic resonators 19, the effect of energy-transforming suppression of acoustic energy propagated in an elastic medium (air) at individual values of the discrete frequencies of sound vibrations is based on the implementation of interference compensation effects associated with the addition (resulting summation) of the amplitude values of sound waves (taking into account the specified frequency values f and phases of sound vibrations).

The functioning of Helmholtz acoustic resonators Rʺ '(pos. 19), as technical devices for energy-converting attenuation (damping) of acoustic energy on individual discrete values of sound frequencies f or in given narrow frequency ranges (Δf) formed by resistive dissipative loss elements, is determined by their corresponding discrete values natural (resonant) vibration frequencies f _R and Q-factors Q of the indicated Helmholtz acoustic resonators R'ʺ. The Q factor Q is equal to the ratio of the natural (resonant) frequency of oscillations f _{R of the} Helmholtz acoustic resonator Rʺ '(pos. 19) to the frequency band width Δf, at the boundaries of which the acoustic energy during stimulated resonant vibrations is half (by 3 dB) less than the acoustic energy at the resonant frequency f _R. The quality factor of the Helmholtz acoustic resonator Rʺ '(pos. 19) is determined (formed) by the internal dissipative losses realized in it, which arise both directly in the composite structures (elements) of the Helmholtz acoustic resonator Rʺ' (pos. 19) and the resulting external energy losses, directly related to the process of radiation of sound into the environment, which also uses the vibrational energy of the Helmholtz acoustic resonator Rʺ '(pos. 19). The frequency tuning of Helmholtz acoustic resonators Rʺ '(pos. 19) is based on the resulting wave (wavelength λ, wave phase ϕ) interaction of sound waves, with the resulting effect of interference compensation suppression of the energy of sound waves propagating in an elastic (air) medium of a given frequency range that coincides (close in value) with natural (resonant) frequencies f _{R of} Helmholtz acoustic resonators Rʺ '(pos. 19).

Using recycled hollow hollow cavity bottle containers of PET containers 9, which were used for their intended purpose, with different dimensional and geometric parameters — air volumes of chamber 11 (V _k ) and open threaded neck parts 12 (V _g ), as well as using appropriate , various overall geometric design (geometric length h _g , passage area S _g ) of open threaded neck parts 12 with dismantled threaded plug 10 of a utilized hollow cavity bottle full-capacity PET containers 9, purposefully form sound absorption families differing in frequency characteristics (sound resonance frequency f _R , Q factor) of the Helmholtz acoustic resonators Rʺ '(item 19), forming technical devices for absorbing sound energy concentrated in the actual low-frequency region of the sound spectrum as part of the designs of the acoustic panel modules 21, forming the sound-absorbing panels 8. Given the prominent low-frequency spectral character and typical noise radiation road and rail transport, as has been particularly noted in [1], given by the low frequency setting to the parameter f _R constructs used Helmholtz acoustic resonators R"'(pos. 19), is made by appropriate interconnected selection of the overall geometric parameters of their constituent elements, according to the expressions (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7). As follows from table 1, the use of the typical most commonly used, utilized hollow cavity bottle bottles of PET containers 9, with the dimensional-geometric parameters of utilized hollow cavity bottle containers of PET containers presented in it, have their own (resonant) sound frequencies of sound vibrations f _R concentrated in the frequency range of ~ 50 ... 252 Hz.

, формируемой площадями проходных сечений полостей открытых резьбовых горловых частей 12 (S_г) и геометрических длин h_г в составе открытых резьбовых горловых частей 12, согласно выражения (5), акустического резонатора Гельмгольца Rʺ' (поз. 19), которые определяют значения их собственных (резонансных) частот f_R согласно выражению (2). Как следует из результатов расчетных исследований, представленных в таблице 1, использование семейства утилизируемой пустотелой бутылочной ПЭТ-тары 9 приведенных габаритно-геометрических параметров, в качестве частотонастроенных акустических резонаторов Гельмгольца Rʺ' (поз. 19), позволяет осуществлять настроенное поглощение низкочастотной звуковой энергии (низкочастотного транспортного шума) в частотном диапазоне 50…252 Гц, попадающем в актуальный доминирующий частотный диапазон автотранспортных и железнодорожных шумовых излучений 50…300 Гц [1, 2]. Отнесенное, с образуемым воздушным промежутком относительно тыльной звукоотражающей панели 6, размещение внутреннего футерующего звукопоглощающего слоя 16 компоновочно-горловой матрицы 13, позволяет увеличить эффективность поглощения низко- и среднечастотной звуковой энергии, с достижением максимального звукопоглощающего эффекта на звуковых частотах четверть длины звуковой волны (λ/4) которых укладывается в рамках габаритного размера В, включающего ширину воздушного промежутка и толщину внутреннего футерующего звукопоглощающего слоя 16 компоновочно-горловой матрицы 13. При использовании, в частности, утилизируемых пустотелых полостных бутылочных емкостей ПЭТ-тары 9, воздушными объемами камерных частей V_к=0,35…18,9 литра (см. табл. 1), габаритная высота которых составляет 0,2…0,6 м, обеспечение звукопоглощающих эффектов, обусловленных использованием соответствующих конструкций акустических панельных модулей 21, формирующих звукопоглощающую панель 8 ШЗЭ, прогнозируется в звуковом частотном диапазоне 140…430 Гц. В сочетании с используемыми в составе конструкции ШЗЭ отдельными (дополнительными) диссипативными звукопоглощающими элементами, приведенными в техническом описании и представленными на графических изображениях, прогнозируется широкополосная шумозаглушающая эффективность заявляемого технического устройства ШЗЭ, перекрывающая актуальную низко-, средне- и высокочастотную области звукового спектра.The inventive device for absorbing sound energy, mainly low-frequency sound energy in the frequency range of 50 ... 300 Hz, presented in the form of Helmholtz acoustic resonators Rʺ '(pos. 19), formed by used utilized hollow bottle containers of PET containers 9, is formed by the corresponding mutually agreed choice of its given the number and variety of differing basic structural (geometric, dimensional) parameters - volumes V _k and areas of cross sections S _to cavity capacities of chamber parts 11, used disposable hollow cavity bottle containers of PET containers 9, geometric lengths h _g and dynamic lengths

formed by the areas of passage sections of the cavities of open threaded neck parts 12 (S _g ) and geometric lengths h _{g of} open threaded neck parts 12, according to expression (5), of the Helmholtz acoustic resonator Rʺ '(pos. 19), which determine the values of their intrinsic (resonant) frequencies f _R according to expression (2). As follows from the results of the computational studies presented in Table 1, the use of a family of utilized hollow PET bottle containers of 9 dimensional and geometric parameters as frequency-tuned Helmholtz acoustic resonators Rʺ '(item 19) allows for tuned absorption of low-frequency sound energy (low-frequency traffic noise) in the frequency range of 50 ... 252 Hz, falling into the current dominant frequency range of road and railway noise emissions 5 0 ... 300 Hz [1, 2]. The placement, with the air gap formed relative to the rear sound-reflecting panel 6, of the placement of the inner lining sound-absorbing layer 16 of the neck-throat matrix 13, allows to increase the absorption efficiency of low- and mid-frequency sound energy, with achieving a maximum sound-absorbing effect at sound frequencies a quarter of the sound wavelength (λ / 4) which fit within the overall dimension B, including the width of the air gap and the thickness of the inner lining sound absorbing layer I-16 layout matrix throat 13. In use, in particular recyclable hollow cavity bottle containers PET container 9, the air chamber volume V parts _k = 0.35 ... 18.9 liters (see. Table. 1), the overall height is 0.2 ... 0.6 m, the provision of sound-absorbing effects due to the use of appropriate designs of acoustic panel modules 21, forming the sound-absorbing panel 8 of the SHZ, is predicted in the sound frequency range of 140 ... 430 Hz. In combination with the separate (additional) dissipative sound-absorbing elements used in the SHE design, shown in the technical description and presented in the graphic images, the broadband sound-damping efficiency of the claimed SHE technical device is predicted, covering the actual low-, medium- and high-frequency areas of the sound spectrum.

The invention is not limited to the specific structural and technological examples of its implementation described in the text and shown in the accompanying figures. Some minor changes in various structural and technological versions of the individual constituent elements or materials from which these structural elements are made, or replacing them with technically equivalent ones that do not go beyond the scope of the claims indicated by the claims, remain possible.

Claims (17)

1. A soundproofing screen comprising a foundation base, a basement, a supporting base, cross struts, longitudinal profiles, a rear soundproof panel, a soundproof front panel perforated through holes, a sound absorption panel, characterized in that the sound absorption panel is composed of acoustic panel modules made in Helmholtz interlocked acoustic resonators formed by used disposable hollow cavity bottle containers of PET containers containing capacitive chamber and open threaded throat parts, with dismantled threaded plugs, which are threaded by their threaded parts are placed in the mounting holes of the layout-throat matrix, represented by a perforated sheet metal or polymer structure, and fixedly screwed by threaded fastening nuts in them. 2. Soundproofing screen according to claim 1, characterized in that the volumes of the chamber parts V _{to the} utilized hollow hollow cavity bottle containers of PET containers blocked as part of the acoustic panel modules of the sound-absorbing panel are V _k = (0.35 ... 18.9) × 10 ^-3 m ³ . 3. The noise screen according to claim 2, characterized in that the ratio of the volumes of the neck parts V _g to the volumes of the chamber parts V _{to the} utilized hollow cavity bottle containers of PET containers interlocked as part of the acoustic panel modules of the sound-absorbing panel is V _g / V _to = (0.009 ... 0.02) × 10 ^-3 . 4. The noise screen according to claim 2, characterized in that the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the open threaded neck parts S _g to the sections of the chamber parts S _{to the} utilized hollow cavity bottle containers of PET containers interlocked as part of the acoustic panel modules of the sound-absorbing panel is S _g / S _k = 0.03 ... 0.13. 5. Soundproofing screen according to claim 2, characterized in that drainage holes are made in the bottom and / or side walls of the chamber parts of the utilized hollow cavity bottle containers of PET containers blocked in the acoustic panel modules of the sound-absorbing panel, total area F _{other o the} flow cross sections of which do not exceed 0.05 S _g , where S _g is the cross-sectional area of the open threaded neck of the utilized hollow cavity bottle bottle of PET containers. 6. Soundproofing screen according to claim 1, characterized in that perforation openings are made in the walls of the open threaded throat parts of the utilized hollow cavity bottle containers of PET containers, the total area F of _which through passage sections of which does not exceed 0.05 S _g . 7. Noise protection screen according to claim 1, characterized in that porous air-blown plugs are mounted in the cavities of the open threaded parts of the utilized hollow cavity bottle containers of the PET containers. 8. Noise protection screen according to claim 1, characterized in that the passage cross sections of the outer end sections of the open threaded neck portions of the utilized utilized hollow cavity container of the PET container are covered with an air-blown sound-transparent layer of material represented by perforated film or perforated foil or fabric or non-woven canvas. 9. Soundproofing screen according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains sealing soundproofing elements and / or translucent panels and mounting frames for fixing them. 10. Noise protection screen according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall of the layout-throat matrix, represented by a perforated sheet metal or polymer structure, is characterized by a perforation coefficient k _per-pm ≥0.2. 11. Soundproofing screen according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one inner lining layer of sound-absorbing material is mounted on the surface of the perforated wall of the neck-throat matrix. 12. Soundproofing screen according to claim 1, characterized in that an external facing layer of a soundproof material is mounted on the surface of the perforated wall of the neck-throat matrix. 13. Soundproofing screen according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall of the front soundproof panel is characterized by the limit value of the perforation coefficient k _per- lp ≥0.2. 14. Soundproofing screen according to claim 6, characterized in that the perforation holes made in the walls of the open throat parts of the utilized hollow cavity bottle containers of PET containers are covered with an air-blown sound-transparent layer of material. 15. Soundproofing screen according to claim 1, characterized in that the perforated wall of the layout-throat matrix is made in the form of a composite structure, individual parts of which are characterized by different numbers and different passage areas of the perforation holes. 16. Noise protection screen according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper protective rib and the lower protective rib are connected to the mating contacting parts of the components of the noise shield, including a bearing base, transverse struts, longitudinal profiles, a rear sound reflecting panel, a front soundproof panel, and acoustic panels modules of sound-absorbing panels, external cladding translucent layer of the layout-throat matrix, air-blown sound-translucent layer, sound-insulating element Carrying the profiled sheet or rod base mounting arrangement, installation and mechanical fasteners and / or adhesive type. 17. Noise protection screen according to claim 1, characterized in that the screw nuts of the threaded neck parts are formed of standard screw caps with removed blind bottoms of the corresponding threaded neck parts of the utilized PET bottle containers.

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