RU2644596C1 - Container transportation method, drying and storage of seeds method and complex for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: group of invention relates to agriculture and may be used in seed harvesting. Seed heap is loaded onto the grate of the container, which is transported to a stationary drying station. When transporting the container to a stationary drying station, the seed heap is actively ventilated with air, ensuring unimpeded release of venting air from the container. Seed heap is then unloaded from the container and pre-cleaned, then, the container is loaded with purified seeds and delivered to a stationary drying station. Container is being removed, connected to a heat source and the seeds are being ventilated with a drying agent. After the seeds reach the conditioned humidity, they are unloaded, and the unloaded container is returned to the field.

EFFECT: higher seed drying efficiency.

2 cl, 18 dwg

Description

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to drying a pile of seeds obtained during combine harvesting, and can be used in agriculture for harvesting seeds of agricultural crops.

It is known that the heap obtained during combine harvesting is multicomponent in composition. It consists of grains of the main culture and a large number of various inclusions that affect the safety and quality of harvested grain and seeds. The most undesirable components of the seed heap are green leaves, stems, weed seeds, vegetative organs of weeds; feeble, underdeveloped grains, seeds and grains of other crops, mineral impurities, dust particles with an abundance of microorganisms. So, the green parts of plants contain 50-80% of water. Due to this, the average moisture content of the grain mass can increase by 3% or more. Self-heating of wet grain begins already in the bunker of the combine. For 30 minutes, the moisture content of the grain can increase by 0.5%. During the period of mass harvesting, as a rule, temporary storage of heap with high humidity occurs, including when transporting heaps from under the combine to a stationary drying point. It was found that with an increase in storage time, grain moisture increases and seed germination decreases. So, the shelf life of grain in a wet heap should not exceed 1-2 hours. The use of high-performance harvesters at the present time, and therefore a reduction in harvesting time, requires drying the seeds in a fairly short time and with minimal losses and transferring them to a long-term storage warehouse.

A known method of containerized drying of grain with stirring for drying seeds of valuable varieties (RF patent No. 2558663, F26B 3/00, F26B 9/06, publ. 08/10/2015), which consists in the fact that the container is loaded with material, for example in a field, transported to the drying station, install the perforated bottom on the dryer, pump the drying agent into the material layer through the air channel from the fan through the air heater, and dry the material. In the container at a certain height measure the temperature and humidity of the grain (with the fan turned off). Upon reaching a conditioned humidity, turn off the air heater and fan. Loader rotate the container in a vertical transverse plane, producing mixing. Then the container is installed on the dryer and continue to dry. Mixing cycles are periodically repeated. The dried material is cooled by blowing air with the heater turned off and unloaded.

A device for container drying of grain contains a container with a perforated bottom, a dryer with air ducts, a fan and a heater, a quick-detachable mixing chamber and means for rotating the container together with the mixing chamber in a vertical plane, and the mixing chamber is made in the form of a funnel with a discharge channel.

The disadvantages of the known method and device are cumbersome, low productivity and insufficiently high quality of the resulting seeds.

A known method of container drying a heap of seeds of agricultural crops, including loading seeds of different crops or one crop with different humidity in containers with perforated bottoms, installing containers with seeds on the modules of the heat supply channel, supplying heat carrier and drying, measuring the temperature of the heat carrier and humidity of the heap in each container in drying process, regulation of the supplied amount of coolant under the bottom of the containers, depending on the indicators of the temperature of the coolant and moisture content ha in each container, removing containers with dried heaps and replacing them with new ones.

A device for its implementation is known, including a heat supply channel with a heat generator connected to it, consisting of modules connected in series, and containers with perforated bottoms that are tightly mounted on the modules. Inside each module there is a control valve made of at least two parts for regulating the flow of the drying agent through the module (RF patent No. 2272229, F26B 9/06).

The disadvantages of the known method and device for its implementation are low productivity, relative unevenness of drying, insufficiently high quality of the resulting seeds.

A known method and device for container drying of seeds (RF patent No. 2589972, F26B 3/14, F26B 17/12, publ. 07/10/2016), characterized in that the seeds are loaded into containers that are installed on the modules that make up the heat supply channel , vented with a drying agent, turning containers 180 ° with a certain frequency, unload.

A device for implementing this method of container drying includes a heat generator, a heat-moving channel made up of series-connected modules with flow control valves for the drying agent, containers, sampler, loading means for installing, removing and unloading containers, a control panel with a microprocessor, temperature sensors, seed moisture and the speed of the drying agent, the step drive of the movements of the loading means and its mechanisms relative to the modules and containers. The lower and upper planes of the containers are reversible and made in the idea of gratings, one of which is removable.

A disadvantage of the known method and device is cumbersome, low productivity, insufficiently high quality of the resulting seeds.

There is also a method of container transportation, drying and storage of seeds, mainly from breeding plots, and a device for its implementation (RF patent No. 2527520, A01F 25/14, publ. 09/10/2014, bull. No. 25), adopted by us for the prototype .

A known method of container transportation, drying and storage of seeds consists in the fact that the seeds are loaded onto the grate by the combine, the container is lifted onto the platform of the transporting medium and transported to a stationary treatment point, connected to the diffuser by a quick-connect connection, the shutter valves open, the fan is turned on, and if necessary (depending on the moisture content of the seeds) and the heat generator, ventilate, mix with a frequency depending on the moisture content of the seeds and the thickness of the layer, dried to a condition moisture, the seeds are cooled by turning off the heat generator, then the container is moved to the warehouse and unloaded (the shutter valve flaps are closed when the container is unloaded). After unloading, the container is returned to the field.

A device for its implementation is known, comprising a container, including front, rear and side vertical walls, a grill, a box, guide plates in the box, as well as loading means, a conveyor platform, container lifting means, a shut-off valve, a diffuser, a quick-disconnect connection of the diffuser with the container , fan, heat generator, mobile facility.

A disadvantage of the known method and device for container transportation, drying and storage of seeds is low productivity with insufficiently high quality of the obtained seeds, as well as insufficiently high optimization of the entire technological process. This is because the prototype does not provide for preventive ventilation of freshly harvested grain until it comes to drying, as well as its protection from the weather. In addition, the device’s connection to the heat source does not allow simultaneous drying of various crops, varieties, seed lots and their unloading without interrupting the drying process.

The technical task of the invention is to improve the quality of the seeds obtained while improving productivity and optimizing the entire process.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of container transportation, drying and storage of seeds, including loading a heap of seeds on a container grate with a combine, transporting to a stationary drying station, connecting to a heat source, drying, cooling, unloading the container, returning it to the field, according to the invention when transporting the container from the combine to the stationary drying station and in case of waiting for the queue to connect the container to the heat source, the heap of seeds is actively ventilated with air and, in case of bad weather Protect from rain ensuring unhindered exit of ventilating air from the container before connecting the container to the heat source was subjected to a pile of seed pre-treatment, the loading, unloading, transporting container carried same technical means.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the complex comprising a container consisting of front, rear, side vertical walls, a grill and a duct under it, a heat generator, a fan, a temperature agent for a heat agent, a diffuser, a shut-off valve, a loading means, a platform of a transporting means, means lifting the container, a mobile device according to the invention, it is additionally equipped with an air channel connected to the diffuser, consisting of series-connected modules, soft sleeves with fixed and on them adapters, removable plugs, a fan mounted on a vehicle driven by the hydraulic system of the latter, and a preliminary cleaning machine, the container is equipped with windows on the front and rear walls of the box, while the rear wall of the container is made in the form of an unloading side suspended on canopies to the upper frame of the container, and the locking device on its lower frame, on the upper frame of the container canopy is fixed at some distance from it vertically with the possibility of rolling it into a roll along wall and fixing in this position, the shutoff valve is installed on the air channel and is made in the form of at least two air dampers with rotary blades and a lever mechanism, and the loading means, the platform of the conveying means, the means of lifting and removing the container, the means for unloading the contents from the container , the mobile tool is made in the form of a single technical tool - a multielevator with a hook gripping device, while the container is equipped with mating brackets for connection to the multielevator.

A comparative analysis of the claimed technical solutions with the prototype allows us to conclude that the claimed method differs from the known additional operations - active ventilation of a heap of seeds with air during transportation of the container from the combine to the stationary drying point and protection from atmospheric precipitation in case of bad weather, preliminary cleaning before drying, and also the conditions for performing the actions - the device used (multi-lift instead of several different technical means). The inventive complex differs from the known additional elements - the air channel, consisting of series-connected modules, soft sleeves with adapters, a fan mounted on a vehicle driven by its hydraulic system, a preliminary cleaning machine, as well as the design of the container and other means of the device. Thus, the claimed technical solutions meet the patentability criterion of "NOVELTY."

Exploring the prior art in the process of conducting a patent search on all types of information publicly available in the press, we did not identify technical solutions that have distinctive features of the claimed technical solutions. We came to the claimed combination of essential features after many years of searching for ways to solve our task: how to achieve high quality of the seeds obtained while improving productivity and optimizing the entire process. Our experiments have confirmed the possibility of solving the problem by a combination of the claimed features. Thus, the claimed technical solutions meet the patentability criterion of "INVENTIVE LEVEL".

The claimed technical solutions also meet the patentability criterion "INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY", as they can be used in agriculture.

And, in addition, they meet the requirement of “SUFFICIENCY OF DISCLOSURE” of the group of inventions, since in the description of the method and the complex below their essence will be disclosed clearly enough and fully so that they can be carried out by a specialist in this field of technology in the form as they are presented in the claims.

The method and complex are illustrated by drawings and photographs.

In FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a container (side view); in FIG. 2 - the same front view; in FIG. 3 - the same, rear view; in FIG. 4 is a diagram of connecting a container to an air channel module; in FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a multi-lift vehicle with a hook gripper, container and fan mounted on it; in FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of a pre-treatment machine; in FIG. 7 - shows a grain dryer with containers installed for simultaneous drying of seeds with different initial moisture content or seeds of various crops; in FIG. 8 - a diagram of the shut-off valve (air damper) is presented: a - front view, b - side view.

The following types are placed on the photo: on photo 9 - loading the cleaned seeds after the cleaning machine into the container; on a photo 10 - unloading of the cleared seeds for drying; on a photo 11 - a general view of a back wall of the container with the locking device and windows; on a photo 12 - a view of a box and a grid of the container; on a photo 13 - a general view of the drying line; on a photo 14 - a fragment of the air channel with shutoff valves and sleeves; on a photo 15 - installation of an adapter with a soft sleeve to the container; on a photo 16 - the general view of the multielevator with the container (on the right); on a photo 17 - the general view of the multielevator with the container (at the left); on a photo 18 - unloading of the dried seeds in a warehouse.

The complex for container transportation, drying and storage of seeds includes a container 1, consisting of a front 2, rear 3, side 4 vertical walls, a grill 5 and a box 6 under it, a window 7 on the back wall of the box for supplying a heat agent, window 8 on the front duct wall - for supplying atmospheric air, unloading board 9, awnings 10, shut-off device 11, canopy 12, heat generator 13, fan 14, diffuser 15, air channel module 16, shut-off valve 17, soft sleeve 18, adapter 19, multi-lift 20 hook hook 21, grips 22 con eynera, removable plugs 23 and 23a on the window box, the machine prefilter 24, the platform 25, the fan 26, the sensor 27 temperature thermal agent, a lever mechanism 28.

The complex operates as follows.

The container 1 with a multi-lift 20 is installed on the platform 25 and transported to the harvesting field. The unloading board 9 is locked by the device 11. A heap of seeds with a combine (not shown) is loaded onto the grate 5 of the container mounted on the vehicle. Removable plugs 23 are placed on the windows 7, and the window 8 and the fan case 26 are connected with a soft sleeve 18 using adapters 19. The container with a heap of seeds is transported to a stationary treatment point by turning on the fan 26. In case of bad weather (rain or high atmospheric humidity), the canopy 12 above the container and protect the heap of seeds during transportation and while waiting in line for connection to a heat source. To carry out preliminary cleaning of the heap, the container is unloaded using a hook grabber 21 through the unloading board 9, opening the lock 11 of the unloading side without removing the container from the platform. After preliminary cleaning and loading the container with cleaned seeds, it is transported to a stationary drying station. Disconnect the soft sleeve from the window 8 of the box 6, put on it a removable plug 23a, remove the seed container from the platform 25 with the hook device 21, put it in front of the air channel module 16, connect the windows 7 of the box 6 with the air dampers 17 using soft hoses 18 with adapters 19, open the blades of the air dampers using the lever mechanism 28, turn on the fan 14 and the heat generator 13 and ventilate the seeds with a drying agent, regulating its flow by changing the position of the blades of the air dampers 17. If you simultaneously If the seeds are dried in several containers, then the container with the seeds dried to a conditional humidity from the air channel is disconnected as follows: close the shut-off valve 17 (air damper blades) on this module and disconnect the soft sleeves 18 from the windows 7 on the back wall of the box using adapters 19 . And if only one container was connected to the air duct, then it is switched off as follows: they stop the operation of the heat generator 13 (turning off the burner), turn off the fan 14, close the air shutters NKI 17, sleeve 18 is detached from the soft windows 7 on the rear wall of the box. The container disconnected from the air channel module is lifted onto the platform 25 by a hook grab device 21 of the multi lift 20, moved to a warehouse, unloaded by the device 21 through the unloading board 9. After unloading, the container is returned to the field. And the cycle is repeated until the end of the harvest.

The method of container transportation, drying and storage of seeds is illustrated by the technological sequence of operations performed by the device, and includes:

1. Loading a heap of seeds into the container by the combine.

2. Transportation to a stationary point while actively ventilating the contents of the container with atmospheric air, and in case of bad weather - protection from precipitation.

3. Unloading a heap of seeds for pre-treatment.

4. Preliminary cleaning of a heap of seeds.

5. Loading the cleaned heap of seeds into the container.

6. Connection of the container to the heat source.

7. Drying.

8. Cooling.

9. Unloading the container.

10. Return of the container to the field.

The method was tested on post-harvest processing of corn seeds in LLC Agrofirma Lada Korenovsky district of the Krasnodar Territory. 1950 tons of corn seeds were transported, dried and stored for storage in a round-the-clock mode of operation by the claimed method and device.

To implement the proposed method, we used for loading, unloading, transporting a container a single mobile technical tool - a special car in the form of a multi-lift. For this, we used the chassis of the KAMAZ 65115-A4 car with the Palfinger ST-15 loading and unloading mechanism (hook type with hydraulic drive), which ensured loading onto the platform, removing from it a container with a total weight of up to 15 tons, and its reliable fastening on the platform vehicle during transportation. We used a container with a bottom area of 14.54 m ² (5.70 m in length, i.e. maximum for the vehicle we are using; 2.55 m in width, i.e. maximum for transportation on public roads )

The maximum height of the container mounted on the platform of the vehicle was limited by current regulations for vehicles moving on public roads (not more than 4 m). We used a 2.15 m high container. Two channels along the long side were attached to the bottom of the container to install the container on the multi-lift rollers, followed by sliding the container on them for loading and unloading. Behind under the bottom there are two support wheels for easy sliding on the floor or on the ground.

The grate was fixed at a distance of 250 mm from the bottom of the box and was made of punching sieves (galvanized steel with a thickness of 3 mm and a hole diameter of 2 mm with a maximum "live section"), which excluded the screening of seeds through them and had a high air throughput. In the space between the bottom and the grate, stops were fixed (20 pcs.) So that the grate does not bend under the weight of a heap or seed.

The heat generator TB-1.2MA was used as a heat generator, and the Unigas PG70G diesel burner was used as a burner. From the fans we selected the centrifugal BP-7175-12.5-1000 for heating systems.

The air channel was made of sandwich panels, which significantly reduce heat loss of the heat agent. The number of air channel modules depended on how many we planned to connect containers. By the number of the latter, we selected the power of the fan and heat generator. In our case, we selected equipment based on connecting 10 containers at the same time.

Active ventilation of the heap of seeds with air during transportation of the container from the combine to the stationary processing station contributes to the final result in improving the quality of the seeds obtained while improving productivity and optimizing the process. This is explained by the following.

The grain heap coming from the combines has significant fluctuations in humidity and contamination and is a mechanical mixture of various components. The content of the main culture, depending on the weediness of the fields, weather, combine settings, ranges from 85-98%. The rest of the grain heap (2-15%) is the stems and leaves of the main crop, weeds, seeds and inflorescences of weed grasses, insects, microorganisms, etc. The green parts of plants with higher humidity (50-80% water) adversely affect the preservation of grain in the heap before processing. Already in the first hours of storage, most of the moisture of these impurities is absorbed by the grain and they are a source of nesting self-heating of the heap. Active air ventilation of the heap during transportation of the container to a stationary processing station and in case of waiting for the queue to connect the container to the heat source provides cooling of the heap without stirring, accelerating the post-harvest ripening process, saturating the intergranular air with oxygen, balancing the temperature and humidity of the grain mass, preventing and elimination of self-heating, the development of molds and pests, i.e. optimization of the further technological process, which in turn improves the quality of the seeds obtained.

Protecting the contents of the container when transporting it from the combine to the stationary processing station from precipitation - in case of bad weather, as well as in the case of temporary storage at an open stationary station, while waiting for the connection to the air channel with a heat agent, improves the quality of the seeds and reduces the time of the whole technological process i.e. productivity increase.

Preliminary cleaning of the heap before drying ensures the removal of the above impurities, which leads to a decrease in the volume (mass) and humidity of the material supplied to the drying (seed moisture decreases by 1-3%), and this helps to optimize the drying process and improve the quality of the resulting seeds by reducing time drying, and therefore increase productivity.

The implementation of the rear wall of the container in the form of an unloading board suspended on canopies to the upper frame of the container, provides, in contrast to the prototype - with unloading seeds by tipping the container, a significant reduction in seed injury by reducing the height of free fall of seeds, which also leads to an increase in the quality of harvested seed.

The implementation of loading, unloading, transportation of the container with a single technical means - a multielevator with a hook-type gripping device fixed on it, instead of various means of the prototype, provides optimization of the entire process, reducing the time it takes for grain to pass from the combine to the warehouse, which, in turn, increases seed quality and productivity.

Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that the claimed group of inventions allows to improve the quality of the seeds obtained while optimizing the process and increasing its productivity, i.e. achieve your goal.

Claims (2)

1. The method of container transportation, drying and storage of seeds, including loading a heap of seeds on the container grate with a combine, transporting to a stationary drying station, connecting to a heat source, drying, cooling, unloading the container, returning it to the field, characterized in that when transporting the container from the combine to the stationary drying point and in case of waiting for the queue to connect the container to the heat source, the heap of seeds is actively ventilated with air, and in case of bad weather they are protected from precipitation with iem unimpeded exit from the container venting air prior to connecting the container to the heat source was subjected to a pile of seed pre-treatment, the loading, unloading, transporting container carried same technical means. 2. A complex of container transportation, drying and storage of seeds, including a container consisting of front, rear, side vertical walls, a grill and a box under it, a heat generator, a fan, a temperature agent for a heat agent, a diffuser, a shut-off valve, a loading medium, a platform of a conveyor , means of lifting the container, a mobile means, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with an air channel connected to the diffuser, consisting of series-connected modules, soft sleeves with fixed on them adapters, removable plugs, a fan mounted on a vehicle driven by the hydraulic system of the latter, and a pre-cleaner, the container is equipped with windows on the front and rear walls of the box, while the rear wall of the container is made in the form of an unloading side suspended on canopies to the top the container frame, and the locking device on its lower frame, on the upper frame of the container, a canopy is fixed at a certain distance from the latter vertically with the possibility of rolling it into a roll the side wall and fastening in this position, the shutoff valve is installed on the air channel module and is made in the form of at least two air dampers with rotary blades and a lever mechanism, and the loading means, the platform of the transporting means, the lifting and removing means from the container, the mobile means made in the form of a single technical means - a multielevator with a hook gripping device, while the container is equipped with mating brackets for connection to the multielevator.

Images