RU2527520C1 - Method of container transportation, drying and storing seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: seeds are loaded into the device, transported, connected to a source of heat, ventilated by the drying agent, cooled and discharged. When hydroscopic moisture or more the seeds are ventilated by the unheated drying agent or drying agent heated to a relative humidity of maximum 60% with removal from 1 to 3% moisture in the range of seed moisture from hydroscopic to 30%. The temperature of the drying agent is selected as 5°C below the temperature at an average humidity. They are stirred with a frequency of n=0.1+9.7h at W≤21% and n=0.15+10h at W>21%, where W is seed moisture, %; h is thickness of the layer, m.

EFFECT: improvement of the transportation conditions.

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Description

The method relates to methods of drying seeds, mainly from breeding plots, and can be applied in agriculture and in the procurement system.

A known method of container transportation, drying and unloading of grain, which consists in loading, transporting, drying and storing, in which loading, unloading and active ventilation of grain are combined in one device.

It is also known a device for its implementation, containing a set of container bins, perforated dampers, flow dividers and discharge device (RF Patent No. 2371334).

The disadvantage of this method and device is: the complexity of the design, its cleaning and low-intensity drying of grain.

A known method of container drying is that the container is mounted on a tractor trailer, loaded with material in the field, transported to the dryer and connected to it, after drying and cooling the material is emptied, loaded onto the tractor trailer and transported to the field.

A device for its implementation, containing a container, a reclining grate, a means for lifting and unloading it (Current state and main directions of development of drying plants for low-flowing agricultural materials, G.A. Rovny, Yu.L. Freger, A.V. Avdeev, I.L. Fishman TsNIITEtraktoroselkhozmash, 1974, p.12-13).

This method is most consistent with the technical nature of the proposed and adopted as a prototype.

However, when testing this device, a significant non-uniformity of drying was established in the layer thickness - up to ± 3.6% and in area - up to ± 2.7%, which is unacceptable for seeds in general, not to mention selection.

An object of the invention is to increase the efficiency and safety of drying seeds.

The problem is achieved in that in the method of container transportation, drying and storage of seeds, which consists in the fact that the seeds are loaded into the device, transported, connected to a heat source, vented with a drying agent, cooled and unloaded, according to the invention, with hygroscopic and more humidity seeds they are ventilated with a drying agent that is not preheated or warmed up to a relative humidity of not more than 60% moisture with a removal of 1 to 3% moisture in the humidity range of the seeds from hygroscopic to 30%, and the temperature of the drying agent is chosen 5 ° C lower than admissible temperature at an average moisture and stirred with a frequency n = 0,1 + 9,7h at W≤21% and n = 0,15 + 10h if W> 21%, where W - seed moisture,%; h is the thickness of the layer, m

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of a device, figure 2 is a diagram of a connection of a device to a heat source.

The device includes front 1, rear 2 and side vertical walls 3, grille 4, duct 5, guide plates 6, loading means 7, transporting platform 8, lifting means 9 of container 10, shut-off valve 11, quick-disconnect connection 12 of the diffuser 13 s container 10, fan 14, heat generator 15, mobile tool 16. The diagram shows the seeds loaded on the grate 4.

The device operates as follows.

The seeds 17 are loaded by a combine (not shown in the diagram) onto the grate 4 of the container 10, the loading means 7 the container 10 is lifted onto the platform 8 of the transporting medium, moved to a stationary processing station, connected to the diffuser 13 by a quick coupling 12. Open the shutter valve flaps 11. Successively turns on fan 14, and, if necessary (seeds with humidity W <21), and heat generator 16. With seed moisture W≥21%, ventilate to relative humidity φ≈60% with outside air. Dried to a conditional average humidity of 14 ± 15%, the seeds are cooled by air by turning off the heat generator. Then the container 10 is moved to the warehouse and unloaded, then returned to the field. The shutter valve flaps 11 when unloading the container 10 is closed.

The method is as follows.

Selection seeds are loaded, transported, ventilated at a humidity equal to or greater than hygroscopic, unheated or preheated air by several degrees, then not preheated by a drying agent with a higher temperature, but still less than when drying ordinary seeds. When humidity is less than hygroscopic, the seeds are ventilated with a drying agent without active ventilation, at a temperature of the drying agent, as in the case considered. The dried seeds are cooled and unloaded.

Selection seeds have a higher harvesting humidity and greater unevenness in humidity for individual grains compared to grain harvested from general production crops. With an average moisture content of 22% of wheat grains, about 10% of grains have a moisture content below 17% and more than 20% above 25%. / IN AND. Aniskin, G.S. Perch. Technological basis for evaluating the operation of grain drying plants. M .: GNU VIM, 2003, p. 59-62 /.

A good moisture content of the drying material is ensured by active ventilation, while the grains are treated with external or slightly heated air (4 ... 6 ° C), the relative humidity of which is maintained at a level that is equilibrium for the final humidity of the drying material (φ = 60%).

With a moisture removal of 1 ... 4% in the range of average seed moisture of 21 ... 30%, the seed coat is dehydrated to a conditional (14%), while the nutrients from the kernel of the grain are transferred to the shell and to the embryo, which increases their viability. In addition, the indicated moisture interval ensures the flowability of seeds and minimizes their trauma under manual or mechanical stirring (T.V. Tretyakova. Studies of the effect of moisture on the surface layer of cereals on the basic physical properties of the grain mass as an object of post-harvest processing. Auth. Thesis for the research scientist Step. Candidate of Technical Sciences, M., 1974, p. 8).

In addition, with active ventilation, seed ripening occurs, and with subsequent treatment with a high-temperature drying agent (40 ... 50 ° C), moistening of the upper layer of seeds is prevented due to vapor condensation. Considering that after active ventilation, seeds with high humidity still remain in the layer, it is necessary to reduce the temperature of the drying agent in the range from hygroscopic humidity and higher by 5 ° C below the temperature at medium humidity. This is due to the fact that the viability of seeds depends on their importance. The higher the humidity, the lower the heating temperature of the seeds should be. / S.D. Ptitsyn. Zernosushilki, M., Mashgiz, 1962, p. 52 /.

For seeds with less moisture, preliminary active ventilation and a lower temperature of the drying agent are not necessary.

When drying grain in a fixed bed, the non-uniformity of drying of the material with an initial moisture content of 20% satisfies the agrotechnical requirements in a layer up to 0.18 m thick, and at a moisture content of 30% up to 0.1 m (V.F. Kabanov. Study of technological methods and working bodies , providing intensification of drying of seed grain in a dense layer. Thesis for the degree of candidate of scientific sciences, Moscow, 1979, p. 108).

The layer of breeding seeds of wheat with a moisture content of up to 30% and a height of 0.4 m must be mixed 3-5 times during drying (Gamkhoshvili R.M. Justification of technological and design parameters and the development of a universal installation for drying breeding seeds of agricultural crops. Abstract of thesis. graduate degree candidate of technical sciences, M., 1975, p.21).

Assuming that with a layer thickness of 0.18 and 0.1 m (respectively, seed moisture of 20 and 30%), mixing is not necessary, and with a seed layer thickness of 0.4 m in the first case, the mixing frequency will be 3, and in the second 5 times , we obtain the following dependencies.

$$\text{n}=\text{0}\text{,one}+\text{9}\text{, 7h (at humidity W}=\text{20\%) (1)}$$

$$\text{n}=\text{0}\text{,fifteen}+\text{10h (at humidity W}=\text{thirty\%)}\text{, (2)}$$

where n is the mixing frequency; h is the thickness of the layer, m

When solving equations (1) and (2), the quantity n is rounded up.

A uniform distribution of the flow of the drying agent along the length of the container is achieved by the presence of guide plates in the duct in an amount of not less than 2, and within the lattice area of a separate air channel by continuous motion of the air flow in it at an opening angle of the channel of not more than 23 °.

In order to prevent contamination of the box 5 of the container 10 with garbage during transportation, loading and unloading, the valve flaps 11 must be closed. To reduce the height of the duct 5, the number of vertical flaps of the valve 11 should be at least at least 2, and with 3 or more flaps it is possible to increase the uniform distribution of the air flow not only along the length of the container 10, but also in width, regardless of the expansion in diffuser 13.

The fixed grid 4 eliminates the leakage of the drying agent and simplifies the design of the device and its reliability.

Example. Consider the drying process of selection seeds of wheat with hygroscopic humidity W = 21% in a container with an area of S = 1.21 m ² (1.1 m × 1.1 m), a layer height of 0.3 m, at a drying agent speed of V = 0.5 m / s

We preliminarily conduct active ventilation of the seed layer with unheated (outside) air with a relative humidity of 60% and a temperature of 20 ° C, and then drying with a temperature of 40 ° C.

, что вполне достаточно для съема свободной (поверхностной) влаги.The duration of ventilation is determined by drying the seeds on $$\Delta \overline{W}=\mathrm{one}\%$$

, which is enough to remove free (surface) moisture.

The mass of loaded seeds will be

G = S · h · 0.75 = 1.21 · 0.3 · 0.75 = 0.27 t.

влагиWith active ventilation, evaporate $$\overline{W}$$

moisture

,

,

where ΔW ₁ - seed moisture after active ventilation,% (W ₁ = 20%).

According to the Jd diagram, with active ventilation, 1 kg of air will carry q _o - the specific amount of moisture

q _o = (d ₂ -d ₁ ) · V · S · 3000 · ρ = 2.6 kg / h,

where d ₂ , d ₁ is the final and initial moisture content of the drying agent (d ₂ = 10, d ₁ = 9 g / kg; ρ is the air density, kg / m ³ (ρ = 1.2 kg / m ³ ).

The duration of active ventilation at 20 ° C τ is

.

.

The drying time is approximately 4.5 hours (Aldoshin I.F., Aniskin V.I. et al. Manual on the mechanization of selection and seed production processes, M .: VIM, 1998, p. 100).

The total duration of the drying process was about 6 hours.

Container drying of seeds is convenient because it allows you to organize a safe in-line drying mode with minimal time spent on seed transshipment, including without preliminary cleaning and temporary storage, in which the inevitable loss according to expert estimates is 15 ... 20%.

Claims (1)

The method of container transportation, drying and storage of seeds, which consists in the fact that the seeds are loaded into the device, transported, connected to a heat source, vented with a drying agent, cooled and unloaded, characterized in that when the humidity is more hygroscopic and the seeds are ventilated not preheated or preheated to relative not more than 60% humidity by a drying agent with a removal of 1 to 3% moisture in the range of seed moisture from hygroscopic to 30%, and the temperature of the drying agent is chosen 5 ° C below the temperature at medium humidity and mix ayut a frequency n = 0,1 + 9,7h at W≤21% and n = 0,15 + 10h if W> 21%, where W - seed moisture,%; h is the thickness of the layer, m

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