RU2638066C1 - Method for forming cumulative charge, device for its implementation and cumulative charge - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: method involves the manufacture of an outer casing, filling the main charge of a blasting explosive and sending the inner casing with a working punch. The outer casing is made in the form of a metal hollow cylinder, a filler is added to the inside of it before filling the main charge of the blasting explosive, which is pressed with an auxiliary punch. The filler may be in the form of a mixture of a finely divided metal powder and a powdery binder, may contain ferrous iron, an aluminium powder. The filler can be made in the form of a mixture of metallic powders of different metals, and in the form of a plastic powder. The filler may comprise a reinforcing structure in the form of chopped fiberglass particles. The device contains a sleeve for installation work casing, working punch for forming the charge and sending the inner shell, set of punches, from at least two auxiliary punches to form an intermediate case. The device for forming the shaped charge can be equipped with a working punch to form the cumulative charges "Deep penetration" and "Big hole". The shaped charge contains an outer casing, inside which a blasting explosive is pressed between the outer casing and the inner casing, an intermediate casing made of a filler is pressed between the outer casing and the main charge of the blasting explosive.

EFFECT: manufacture of charges of different types in the same outer cases.

26 cl, 10 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The group of inventions relates to means for the manufacture of cumulative charges for perforation systems used to enhance oil recovery.

When conducting perforation of a well, the so-called combined perforation is currently used. This is when the charges of two types of “BO” (large hole) and “GP” (deep penetration) are installed in one puncher, this combination makes it easier to carry out hydraulic fracturing. These charges are fundamentally different from each other, and since the landing dimensions and the frame are of the same size, it is therefore necessary to adapt the internal space of the charge, where the bursting charge is pressed. This is not always the best option, in which you can get the maximum characteristics of the charges, both in penetration depth and in hole diameter. Therefore, a method for forming an optimal internal space of a bursting charge is proposed.

A device for pressing cumulative charges according to the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention No. 2237850, IPC F42B 1/036, publ. 10/10/2004, the prototype of the method and device.

This method includes installing the inner shell, filling the product, installing the outer shell and pressing.

This device contains a mold for assembling a cumulative charge. The mold includes a die, a pallet and a punch mounted for movement towards the pallet, while between the punch and the pallet there is a node for transmitting the pressing force onto the pallet, made up of at least two movable and one fixed parts located between them, one of the moving parts is placed opposite the punch with the possibility of movement in its direction, and the other is opposite the transmission force unit of the pressing force on the pallet with the possibility of movement in the opposite direction, while Grooves are made and outer side surfaces of the stationary part, and protrusions are made on the side surface of the movable part opposite the punch and on the inner surface of the other movable part, the movable part opposite the punch protruding into the groove made on the inner surface of the fixed part, and the other movable part of the protrusion enters the groove made on the outer surface of the fixed part.

The disadvantages of this device: low productivity, poor level of automation of the process of formation of a bursting charge, a relatively large uneven density of explosives at the base of the cone for the reasons described previously.

The task of creating a group of inventions: ensuring the unification of cumulative charges.

The technical result of the group of inventions is to ensure the unification of cumulative charges.

The solution to this problem was achieved in a method of forming a cumulative charge, including the manufacture of the outer shell, filling the main charge of the blasting explosive and filling the inner shell with a working punch, where according to the invention the outer shell is made in the form of a metal hollow cylinder, and inside it before filling the main charge of the blasting explosive add filler, which is pressed with an auxiliary punch.

The filler may be made in the form of a mixture of finely divided metal powder and powder binder. The filler may contain ferrous iron. The filler may contain aluminum powder. The filler is made in the form of a mixture of metal powders of different metals. The filler may be made in the form of a powder of plastic. The filler may contain a reinforcing structure. The reinforcing structure can be made in the form of chopped particles of fiberglass.

The solution to this problem was achieved in a device for forming a cumulative charge, containing a sleeve for mounting the housing, a working punch for forming a charge and sending the inner shell, in that it additionally contains a set of punches, consisting of at least two auxiliary punches for forming an intermediate housing.

A device for forming a cumulative charge can be equipped with a working punch for forming a cumulative charge "Deep penetration". The forming part of the working punch can be conjugated at the apex of radius R ₁ = (0.2 ... 0.3) D ₀ , where:

R ₁ is the radius of conjugation at the apex of the cone,

D ₀ is the diameter of the base of the cumulative charge.

A device for forming a cumulative charge can be equipped with a working punch for forming a cumulative charge "Big hole". The forming part of the working punch at the top and base can be conjugated using radii determined from the relations:

R ₂ = (0.6 ... 0.9) D ₀ ,

R ₃ = (0.05 ... 0.1) D ₀ ,.

The solution to this problem was achieved in a cumulative charge containing an outer shell, inside which a blasting explosive was pressed between the outer shell and the inner shell, so that an intermediate shell made of filler was pressed between the outer shell and the main charge of the blasting explosive.

In the intermediate casing, a central opening may be made in which the transmitting charge is pressed.

The filler may be made in the form of a mixture of finely divided metal powder with a powder binder.

The filler may contain ferrous iron powder. The filler may contain aluminum powder. The filler may contain a mixture of metal powders of different metals. The filler may contain plastic powder and a powder binder. The filler may contain a reinforcing structure. The cumulative charge can be equipped with a calibrating punch for the formation of cumulative charges "Deep penetration". The side walls of the inner shell at the apex can be conjugated with a radius R ₁ = (0.2 ... 0.3) D ₀ , where:

R ₁ is the radius of conjugation at the apex of the cone,

D ₀ is the diameter of the base of the cumulative charge.

The cumulative charge can be made with the ability to punch holes of the type "Big hole". The side walls of the inner shell at the apex and base can be conjugated using radii determined from the relations:

R ₂ = (0.6 ... 0.9) D ₀ ,

R ₃ = (0.05 ... 0.1) D ₀ .

The essence of the group of inventions is illustrated by drawings (Fig. 1 ... 10), where:

- in FIG. 1 shows the first sample of the cumulative charge,

- in FIG. 2 shows a second sample of a cumulative charge,

- in FIG. 3 shows the filling of the filler in the outer casing,

- in FIG. 4 shows the pressing of the filler,

- in FIG. 5 shows an external housing with a filler,

- in FIG. 6 shows the filling of the main charge,

- in FIG. 7 shows the charge of the transmitting charge,

- in FIG. 8 shows the package of the inner shell,

- in FIG. 9 shows the punch for the formation of the inner shell of the cumulative charge type "GP",

- in FIG. 10 shows the working punch for forming the inner shell of the cumulative charge of the type "BO".

Designations accepted in the description:

1. outer casing

2. bottom

3. intermediate housing,

4. the inner shell

5. transmitting charge,

6. The main charge

7. hole

8. central hole

9. foil,

10. sleeve

11. base

12. hole

13. punch ejector,

14. pin

15. shaping punch,

16. shaping punch,

17. work area

18. work area

19. filler

20. cavity

21. working punch,

22. work surface.

In FIG. 1 and 2 show two options for cumulative charges. The method and device are intended for the manufacture of cumulative charges of at least two types: type "GP" - deep penetration and "BO" - a large hole with the same external dimensions.

DESCRIPTION OF CUMULATORY CHARGES IN THE STATISTICS

The cumulative charges (Fig. 1 and 2) represent the outer casing 1. The outer casing 1 is made in the form of a metal hollow cylinder with a bottom 2.

Inside the outer casing 1, an intermediate casing 3 is made and an inner shell 4 is installed. Between the intermediate casing 3 and the inner shell 4 are filled up: a transmitting charge 5 and a main charge 6 of blasting explosive.

A sensitizer from 0.5% to 2.5% of the mass is introduced into the composition of the transfer charge 5 of a low-density blasting explosive.

Typically, a sensitizer is used as a sensitizer, in particular quartz sand or crushed glass. Sensitizer increases the sensitivity of high explosive to detonation. Microspheres have a large surface with a small volume.

The proof of the optimality of the claimed range of the percentage composition of the sensitizer is given in table. one.

From the table. 1 shows that when the percentage of the sensitizer is less than 0.5% and more than 2.5%, it is ineffective and does not provide 100 percent detonator response.

The transfer charge 5 is poured into the hole 7 made along the axis of the intermediate housing 3 and into the central hole 8 made in the bottom 2 along the axis of the outer housing 1 (Fig. 1). The transfer charge 5 is a fine blasting explosive with the addition of a sensitizer in the form of 0.5% .. 2.5% by weight of microspheres. The Central hole 7 is closed with foil 9.

As a sensitizer, 0.5% ... 2.5% by weight of the microsphere is added to the transfer charge of 5 low-density blasting explosives as a sensitizer. It is advisable to use aluminosilicate hollow microspheres.

Aluminosilicate hollow microspheres - glass-crystalline aluminosilicate balls, which are formed during high-temperature flaring of coal. They are the most valuable components of the ash waste from thermal power plants. They are hollow, almost perfect shaped silicate balls with a smooth surface with a diameter of 10 to several hundred micrometers, an average of about 100 microns. The walls are continuous non-porous with a thickness of 2 to 10 microns, melting point 1400-1500 ° C, density 580-690 kg / m ³ .

As shown in FIG. 1 and 2, the cumulative charges in all cases have the same outer shell 1, and the shape of the inner shell 4 and the volume of the main charge 6 of the blasting explosive can vary.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DEVICE IN STATICS

A device for forming a cumulative charge (Fig. 3 and 4) contains a sleeve 10, which is made in the form of a hollow cylinder with a base 11 at the lower end. A punch-ejector 13 is installed on the base 11 in the hole 12. A pin 14 is installed in the center of the base 11 to form the hole 7. An outer case 1 is installed inside the sleeve.

The device includes a set of forming punches, which contains at least two forming punches 15 and 16 having different shapes of the working sections 17 and 18 (Fig. 3).

A filler 19 (metal powder) is poured inside the outer casing 1 to form the intermediate casing 3. The filler 19 is pressed by a forming punch 15, see FIG. 3 (or 16 - not shown). The forming punch 15 is removed from the cavity 20 (FIG. 5). First, the transmitting charge 5 of a low-density blasting explosive with the addition of microspheres (Fig. 7) is poured into the cavity 20, then the main charge 6 of the blasting explosive is added (Fig. 6).

The transfer charge 5 and the main charge 6 of the blasting explosive are pressed by the working punch 21 having a working surface 22, corresponding in size and shape to the surface of the inner shell 4 (Fig. 8).

In this way, at least two sets of cumulative charges are made.

It is preferable in this way to make two types of cumulative charges: type "GP" and type "BO".

In FIG. 9 shows a variant of the working surfaces 22 of the working punches 21 for the formation of cumulative charges "GP", they correspond to the shape of the side walls of the inner shells 4.

The side walls of the inner shell 4 at the apex are conjugated with a radius R ₁ = (0.2 ... 0.3) D ₀ , where:

R ₁ is the radius of conjugation at the apex of the cone,

D ₀ is the diameter of the base of the cumulative charge.

In FIG. 10 shows an option for the formation of cumulative charges "BO".

The side walls of the inner shell 4 at the apex and base are conjugated using radii determined from the relations:

R ₂ = (0.6 ... 0.9) D ₀ ,

R ₃ = (0.05 ... 0.1) D ₀ ,

FORMING CHARGES

An outer case 1 is installed inside the sleeve 10. The outer case 1 is made of hollow metal.

The device includes a set of forming punches, which contains at least two forming punches 15 and 16 having different shapes of the working sections 17 and 18.

A filler 19 is poured inside the outer casing 1 to form the intermediate casing 3, which is pressed by the forming punch 15 of FIG. 3 (or form-forming punch 16 in a second step, not shown). The forming punch 15 is removed from the cavity 20 (FIG. 5). In the lower part of the cavity 20 and holes 7 and 8, the transfer charge 5 of the blasting explosive is filled up. Then fall asleep the main charge 6 blasting explosive (Fig. 6 and 7).

Then, the inner shell 4 is installed in the cavity 20 and the transmitting charge 5 and the main charge 6 of the blasting explosive are pressed by the working punch 21 having a working surface 22, corresponding in size and shape to the surface of the inner shell (Figs. 9 and 10).

The charge is pushed out of the sleeve 10 by the punch-ejector 13.

In this way, at least two sets of cumulative charges are made.

It is preferable to make two types of cumulative charges: type "GP" and type "BO".

In FIG. Figure 9 shows an option for the formation of cumulative charges "GP".

In FIG. 10 shows an option for the formation of cumulative charges "BO".

As a result, two (or more) types of cumulative charges are made, which are installed alternately in a perforation system (the perforation system in Fig. 1 ... 10 is not shown).

APPLICATION OF CUMULATIVE CHARGES

Two types of cumulative charges "GP" and "BO" with alternation are installed in a perforator, which is lowered into the well on a geophysical cable or tubing (not shown). The initiating device (shown) produces a detonation pulse, which is transmitted to the cumulative charges. Cumulative charges pierce the casing and rock with two types of holes. This improves oil recovery.

The use of a group of inventions allowed:

1. To ensure the manufacture of a group of cumulative charges having the same external dimensions, but different purpose and charge power of a blasting explosive.

2. Unify the external charge housing.

3. To make cumulative shells of at least two types on one equipment: type “GP” - deep penetration and “BO” - a large hole with the same external dimensions, which is important when installing both types of cumulative charges in one perforator.

Claims (37)

1. The method of forming a cumulative charge, including the manufacture of the outer shell, filling the main charge of blasting explosive and filling the inner shell with a working punch, characterized in that the outer shell is made in the form of a metal hollow cylinder, and inside it before filling the main charge of the blasting explosive, add filler pressed with an auxiliary punch. 2. The method of forming a cumulative charge according to claim 1, characterized in that the filler is made in the form of a mixture of finely divided metal powder and powder binder. 3. The method of forming a cumulative charge according to claim 2, characterized in that the filler contains ferrous iron powder. 4. The method of forming a cumulative charge according to claim 2, characterized in that the filler contains aluminum powder. 5. The method of forming a cumulative charge according to claim 2, characterized in that the filler contains a mixture of metal powders of different metals. 6. The method of forming a cumulative charge according to claim 1, characterized in that the filler is made in the form of a powder of plastic with a powder binder. 7. The method of forming a cumulative charge according to claim 6, characterized in that the filler contains a reinforcing structure. 8. The method of forming a cumulative charge according to claim 7, characterized in that the reinforcing structure is made in the form of chopped particles of fiberglass. 9. A device for forming a cumulative charge, containing a sleeve for mounting the housing, a working punch for forming a charge and sending the inner shell, characterized in that it additionally contains a set of punches, consisting of at least two auxiliary punches for forming an intermediate housing. 10. A device for forming cumulative charges of density according to claim 9, characterized in that it is equipped with a working punch for forming cumulative charges of "Deep penetration". 11. A device for forming a cumulative charge according to claim 9, characterized in that the forming part of the working punch at the apex is conjugated with a radius R ₁ = (0.2 ... 0.3) D ₀ , where: R ₁ is the radius of conjugation at the apex of the cone, D ₀ is the diameter of the base of the cumulative charge. 12. A device for forming a cumulative charge according to claim 9, characterized in that it is equipped with a working punch for forming cumulative charges "Big hole". 13. A device for forming a cumulative charge according to claim 12, characterized in that the forming part of the working punch at the top and base is associated with the use of radii determined from the relations: R ₂ = (0.6 ... 0.9) D ₀ , R ₃ = (0.05 ... 0.1) D ₀ . 14. A cumulative charge containing an outer shell, inside which a blasting explosive is pressed between the outer shell and the inner shell, characterized in that an intermediate shell made of filler is pressed between the outer shell and the main charge of the blasting explosive. 15. The cumulative charge according to claim 14, characterized in that a central hole is made in the intermediate housing into which the transmitting charge is pressed. 16. The cumulative charge according to p. 14, characterized in that the filler is made in the form of a mixture of finely divided metal powder with a powder binder. 17. The cumulative charge according to claim 16, characterized in that the filler contains ferrous iron powder. 18. The cumulative charge according to p. 16, characterized in that the filler contains aluminum powder. 19. The cumulative charge according to claim 16, characterized in that the filler contains a mixture of metal powders of different metals. 20. The cumulative charge according to p. 14, characterized in that the filler contains a plastic powder and a powder binder. 21. The cumulative charge according to claim 14, characterized in that the filler contains a reinforcing structure. 22. The cumulative charge according to claim 14, characterized in that the side walls of the inner shell are configured to form cumulative charges of "Deep penetration". 23. The cumulative charge according to p. 22, characterized in that the side walls of the inner shell at the apex are conjugated with a radius R ₁ = (0.2 ... 0.3) D ₀ , where: R ₁ is the radius of conjugation at the apex of the cone, D ₀ is the diameter of the base of the cumulative charge. 24. The cumulative charge according to p. 14, characterized in that it is made with the ability to punch holes of the type "Big hole". 25. The cumulative charge according to p. 24, characterized in that the side walls of the inner shell at the apex and base are conjugated using radii determined from the relations: R ₂ = (0.6 ... 0.9) D ₀ , R ₃ = (0.05 ... 0.1) D ₀ , Where: R ₂ is the radius of conjugation at the apex of the cone, R ₃ is the radius of mating at the base, D ₀ is the diameter of the base of the cumulative charge.

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