RU2634956C1 - Method for feeding broiler chickens with fodder additive based on betulin-containing birch bark extract - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: fodder additive based on betulin-containing birch bark extract is introduced at the rate of 2.5-4.5 mg/kg of live weight to the basic diet at the age of 21-35 days.

EFFECT: preventing liver diseases associated with nutritional factors, due to the manifestation of choleretic and hepatoprotective betulin activity.

6 dwg, 6 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the feed industry, namely to biologically active feed additives.

Known patents for inventions related to feed production, feed additives for poultry and animals containing sorbent and plant stimulant. As a plant stimulator of the body under stressful conditions, the feed additive may contain oregano, St. John's wort, coltsfoot, plantain, tansy, celandine, clover, bitter wormwood, yarrow, chamomile, nettle or may contain oregano , St. John's wort, coltsfoot, plantain, tansy, celandine, sweet clover, wormwood, yarrow, chamomile, nettle or may contain oregano, St. John's wort, coltsfoot, plantain, tansy, celandine, sweet clover wormwood mountains bitter yarrow, yarrow, pharmacy chamomile, dioica nettle or may contain plantain, bitter wormwood and yarrow, all components are taken in a certain ratio, feed additives contain flask-opalcristobalite breed, the ratio of sorbent to medicinal plants is 1: 1. These feed additives are respectively protected by Russian patents No. 2355187, publ. 05/20/2009, No. 2392825, publ. 06/27/2010, 2392826, publ. 06/27/2010.

Using the invention allows to improve the condition of vital organs, improve appetite, increase immunity and increase the tone of the body of farm birds.

Known Russian patent for the invention No. 2579219, publ. 04/10/2016. The feed additive for farm animals and poultry contains bee mortality, biomass and culture fluid obtained from cultivation of the Kombucha Medusomyces Gisevii Lindau, bifidobacterin, pine and aspen bark extract, flask, bentonite and grass meal. All components are taken in a specific ratio. The use of the invention will stimulate metabolic processes, as well as remove heavy metals and mycotoxins from the body of farm animals and poultry.

The operation of farm birds in the technological cycle is associated with numerous stressful situations, the use of synthetic biologically active substances, the use of feed additives and feed ingredients that are not consumed by this type of bird when freely fed or in vivo.

The presence of such situations is associated with intensive technologies in the poultry industry, with the need to obtain high live weight gain with low feed conversion, preservation, often with a decrease in the biological usefulness of products, deterioration of the health of biological objects and the impossibility of long-term productive exploitation.

The use of highly productive crossed birds with certain properties leads in general to a decrease in immunity, since the evolutionarily established “chain: mother - child” is violated during the transmission of immunity. Against this background, the number of vaccinations is increasing, if 15 years ago the broiler’s parent flock was vaccinated 8 times, in recent years the number of vaccinations has increased to 24. Viral and infectious diseases appear and manifest, previously not characteristic of a certain age and type of birds, but due to with this, the need to use stronger antibiotic and antiviral drugs.

In recent years, there has been a search for tools that correct the negative effects of intensive technologies and at the same time are biological elements of the natural habitat, or, as they are called, nature-like technologies. Such agents include probiotics, natural sorbents, phytobiotics. The use of such tools does not violate the prevailing technological processes and operations, fits well into the technological cycle and generally gives a biological and economic effect of application.

In recent years, a large number of publications by domestic and foreign authors devoted to the biological activity of betulin and its derivatives in medicine.

In nature, betulin is found quite widely, it is not only birch (betula, lat. - birch) betulin, triterpene acids, luteol, betulinic acid, betulin aldehyde contained in the cortex, but also betulin and its derivatives are found in a number of plants belonging to different genera and families in Eurasia and the tropics. So, for example, betulin is found in the bark of an alder, the terrestrial part of a thistle, the Japanese trefoil, in an orchid and some tropical plants.

Given the versatile and high activity of betulin and its derivatives, the ability to transform into compounds involved in many basic biochemical processes, it was found that betulin has a number of properties that can be effective in preventive and therapeutic veterinary measures.

It is known from the journal “Bird and Poultry Products” No. 5, 2013. “The effectiveness of betulin in the diets of broiler chickens” “Productive qualities of broiler chickens when using the product of natural origin Betulin” authors: S.M. Farkhutdinov, P.P. Gadzhiev, that the inclusion of Betulin, a naturally occurring drug in the feed composition in the amount of 0.25% of the feed weight allowed us to significantly increase live weight, livestock safety and improve the meat quality of broiler chickens.

The closest analogue, selected as a prototype, is the article "The use of betulin to increase the immunity of broiler chickens in a production environment," the authors Zadorozhnaya MV, Krasikov AP, Lysko SB, published in the journal "Bird and poultry products ”No. 4, 2012, p. 43-45. The article describes the use of betulin, which allows to increase post-vaccination, antiviral immunity, non-specific resistance, metabolism, safety and productivity in broiler chickens. The method is as follows. Betulin extract according to TU 26 3142-025-04740886-2011 manufactured by Sled LLC, Perm in the form of a fine crystalline powder with a betulin content of at least 70% was introduced into the feed mixture at the rate of 120 mg / kg live weight aged 1-14 days (7 days before vaccination and after vaccination).

The disadvantage of this method is that it does not exclude vaccination at a sufficiently high rate of consumption of betulin - 120 mg / kg body weight, does not exclude hepatoses, which are often found in broilers and adult livestock of chickens.

The objective of the present invention is to increase the biological usefulness of products associated with improving the health of broiler chickens, in particular with the prevention of liver diseases associated with nutritional factors, due to the manifestation of choleretic and hepaprotective activity of betulin.

(Alimentary (lat. Alimentum - maintenance, dependency) - associated with inadequate food intake or consumption of an unbalanced diet in one way or another.)

After conducting numerous experiments, having tried the options for the feed additive, the applicant came to a method of feeding broiler chickens with a feed additive based on betulin-containing extract, achieved by the proposed weight ratio of the feed additive, with the desired technical result - increased choleretic and hepatoprotective activity.

This technical result is achieved in that the proposed method for feeding broiler chickens with a feed additive consists in feeding broiler chickens with a feed additive based on a betulin-containing birch bark extract, according to the invention, the feed additive is administered at a rate of 2.5-4.5 mg / kg body weight to the main diet at the age of 21-35 days.

Due to the fact that the feed additive is administered at a rate of 2.5-4.5 mg / kg body weight to the main diet at the age of 21-35 days, the biological usefulness of the products increases, associated with improving the health status of broiler chickens, in particular with prevention liver diseases associated with nutritional factors in connection with the manifestation of the choleretic and hepaprotective activity of betulin.

A distinctive feature of the proposed method of feeding broiler chickens with a feed additive based on a betulin-containing birch bark extract is the amount of feed additive.

The entire quantitative selection is strictly verified and verified by the applicant (by numerous tests), thus, due to which the necessary technical result is achieved.

Comparative analysis with the prototype allows us to conclude that the claimed method differs from the already known new quantitative composition of the component.

The set of essential features of the claimed technical solution of the composition does not follow explicitly from the studied prior art, i.e. meets the criteria of "novelty" and "inventive step".

The claimed method of feeding broiler chickens with a feed additive based on a betulin-containing birch bark extract will find wide application in fodder production for agricultural poultry and animals, i.e. the composition is industrially applicable.

In the experiments, “Biologically active feed additive for poultry“ Betulin-containing birch bark extract - “Berestinur” according to TU 10.89.19-005-71697111-2016, produced by LLC NPO Organistika, Chelyabinsk, was used. According to the analysis, the main component of the extract is betulin (at least 70%).

Experimental studies on the effect of Berestinur on broiler chickens (Ross broiler males) were conducted in the vivarium of the Federal State Budget-Funded Educational Institution of the Ural Scientific Research Veterinary Institute. Groups of birds were formed on the basis of analogues. To assess the effect of Berestinur on broiler chickens, four groups of birds were formed with 10 animals each: a control group and 1, 2, 3 groups of birds — experimental. "Berestinur" was given from 21 to 35 days of cultivation with animal feed.

The research scheme is presented in table 1.

The well-known PK-5 compound feed from the first days of life, described on the INTERNETa website // prokyr.ru // (see the appendix) in the article “How to properly feed broilers with PK-5 and PK-6 compound feeds, was used as the main diet ". Since the study was carried out for 35 days, and as described in the article, starter compound feed can be fed up to 30 days, in the case of the applicant, starter compound feed was fed all 35 days without changing the main diet.

The article presents the composition of the feed mixture based on the total weight of 100%: corn - about 37.0; wheat - about 20.0; soybean meal - 30.0; rapeseed oil and rapeseed meal - about 6.0; beet molasses and corn dense - about 2.0; about 3.0-5.0 is accounted for by such additives: lysine, threonine, methionine, chalk, salt, phosphate, pork fat, baking soda, special premix.

Other conditions for the experiments were the same, the contents - floor.

When assessing the clinical status of birds, the following indicators were taken into account: appearance and fatness; the condition of the mucous membranes and the presence of plumage, lymph nodes, the state of the organs of the respiratory, cardiovascular and digestive systems, musculoskeletal system.

Evaluation of the effect of Berestinur on the immuno-hematological and biochemical parameters of broiler chickens was carried out after 15 days (at the end of the experiment) of feeding the main diet with the addition of Berestinur.

Erythrocytes and leukocytes were counted simultaneously in the Goryaev chamber according to the generally accepted technique. For staining, paint was used according to Fried and Lukacheva in the modification of I.A. Bolotnikov, the measurement of hemoglobin in the blood was carried out by the hemiglobin cyanide method. The leukogram was displayed when calculating the percentage of cells in blood smears stained according to Pappenheim. To characterize cellular and humoral immunity in broiler chickens, T- and B-lymphocytes were quantified (L.S. Kolabskaya, 1980), the ratio of T- and B-lymphocytes (T / B index). The determination of the phagocytic reaction in birds was carried out according to the method of V.M. Berman and E.M. Slavskoy (in the modification of the immunology laboratory VPIVI Poultry, 1980).

Blood biochemical studies were performed on a Chem WeU Combi automated biochemical analyzer (Awaveness Technology)) (USA) using standard reagent kits from Vital Diagnostics Spb, Diasys (Germany).

Taken into account: age of slaughter, number of dead birds, morphology of the liver and stomach, histological studies of the immune organs, liver, stomach and pancreas.

At the beginning and at the end of the experiment, the birds were weighed.

The results of live weight in grams and safety are presented in table 2.

Since for the first experimental group the weight of the feed additive "Berestinur" is significantly less than for the second and third groups (2.5-4.5 mg / kg of live weight), additional experiments were performed inside the first group, described in Examples No. 1, 2

Example No. 1. For the first experimental group of broiler chickens, the experiments were carried out as follows: for five out of ten broiler chickens from 21 to 35 days, 2.5 mg / kg of live weight was introduced into the main diet of Berestinur.

Example No. 2. For the first experimental group of broiler chickens for the remaining five of ten broiler chickens from 21 to 35 days, 4.5 mg / kg of live weight was introduced into the main diet of Berestinur.

The difference in feed additives "Berestinur" in 2.0 mg / kg of live weight during different periods of feeding did not affect the safety or live weight in the subgroups of the first experimental group.

The data in the table indicate that in the control group and experimental groups there was 100% safety, uniformity was 4-5% higher than in the control. Live weight at the level of control values was noted in the 1st and 2nd experimental groups. The pattern of reduction in live weight from the amount of input "Berestinur" was also established, the higher the dose of "Berestinur", the lower the live weight.

Further studies are shown in Tables 3, 4, 6, carried out without dividing the first experimental group into two subgroups.

Biochemical blood tests of broiler chickens are presented in table 3.

Analysis of the data indicates that the use contributed to a significant change in the level of uric acid by 48.7%, 44.4%, 69.9%, 62.4%, respectively, in the experimental groups, compared with the control. This is probably due to the normalization of metabolic processes in the broiler body. The genetically incorporated increased metabolism in broiler chickens is essentially associated with muscle fiber hypertrophy.

Further analysis of the data shows that a high dosage of Berestinur resulted in a significant decrease in potassium levels by 17%, calcium by 14-8% and phosphorus by 11-8% in certain groups.

Immunohematological blood counts of broiler chickens (M ± m), (n = 3) are shown in Table 4.

When studying the immunohematological status of broiler chickens, it was found that the morphological parameters of blood in the experimental and control groups did not significantly differ.

The number of red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin were within physiological values. However, the hemoglobin level in chickens of the 3rd experimental group taking the Berestinur feed supplement was 6 (9.09%) higher compared with the control group.

In the leukocyte formula of birds of all groups, the number of pseudo-eosinophils, eosinophils, monocytes, basophils, lymphocytes was within the physiological norm.

The immunological parameters in the males of the experimental and control groups did not differ. The number of T-lymphocytes in the experimental groups ranged from 39 to 43%, in the control group it was 43%. The ratio of T- / B-lymphocytes in experimental animals ranged from 2.2 to 2.7 cu, in the control group this indicator had a value of -2.7 cu

From the analysis of changes in the phagocytic activity of neutrophils it follows that it increased in chickens of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups by 16%, in chickens of the 3rd experimental group it was at the level with the control group (23% and 24%), the absorption capacity of neutrophils in all groups was the same and amounted to 2.1-2.4 cu

In the studied broiler chickens, the content of immune complexes in the blood serum in all experimental and control groups corresponds to physiological values (from 80 to 95 cu). The development of inflammatory processes in the body of the bird and the activity of the course of autoimmune diseases has not been established.

Thus, there were no significant differences between hematological and immunological parameters between the experimental groups and the control group. Feeding the Berestinur feed additive to broiler chickens in various dosages does not adversely affect hematopoiesis and the body's natural resistance. After the experiment, a control slaughter of broiler chickens of 3 heads from each group was carried out by random sampling (in accordance with the recommendations of the All-Russian Research and Technological Institute of Poultry, 2010).

The results of the control slaughter showed that in the carcasses of broiler chickens where Berestinur was used, there was less abdominal and subcutaneous fat.

Additionally, liver weighing was performed. Data on the mass of the liver in grams are presented in table 5.

The weighting of the liver in the first group was carried out separately for broiler chickens of the first and second subgroups, described and fed according to Examples No. 1, 2. No significant difference in the weight of the liver within the first experimental group was found, therefore, the biological usefulness and chemical composition of the liver,%, presented in table 6 separately for subgroups, not determined.

There was no significant difference in the mass of the liver with the control group, however, it was noted that there is a tendency for a higher mass of the liver in the control group compared to the experimental groups, which is also confirmed by data on the morphological structure of the liver.

Determination of tryptophan and oxyproline allowed us to calculate the biological usefulness of the liver as an offal

The biological usefulness and chemical composition of the liver,%, are presented in table 6.

From the analysis of the data of the table it follows that there is a tendency to increase the usefulness of the by-product depending on the increase in dosage of Berestinur (group 1-3), as well as a tendency to increase tryptophan in the liver and a tendency to decrease oxyproline (tryptophan characterizes the level of essential amino acids, and oxyproline - connective tissue). There was an increase in calcium in the experimental groups compared with the control group.

As a result of control slaughter, samples were taken for histological examination of the organs of broiler chickens using Berestinur. Since live weight was obtained just above the control at a dose of Berestinur 2.5-4.5 mg / kg body weight, histological studies were conducted for two groups - the control and the first group.

Histological examination of the organs of broiler chickens using Berestinur.

Control group

Liver. The capsule of the organ is thin, evenly covers the organ. Under the capsule there are cell reproduction zones. The organ pattern is clearly defined, hepatocytes have equal nuclei, signs of granular dystrophy in the cytoplasm. In the triad system pronounced eosinophilic infiltration (Fig. 1). Sinusoids are slightly expanded, in them single eosinophils and active stellate reticuloendeliocytes.

The pancreas is a state of active secretion. In the lumen of the duct secret (Fig. 2). There are secrets in iron. Langengars islands are clearly defined, beta cells in a state of active secretion. There is no diabetes.

1st experimental group (Berestinur 2.5-4.5 mg / kg body weight)

Liver. Cell reproduction area under the capsule. High regenerative ability (Fig. 3).

Sinusoids are expanded, the nuclei of the hepatocytes are clearly defined. Reproduction of stellate reticuloendomyocytes takes place. In the zone of the triad, there is an accumulation of cells according to the type of lymphoid follicles, which are considered a protective reaction of the body (Fig. 4).

The pancreas secretes normally. Langerhans islands are sharply increased in volume. Active insulin formation (Fig. 5 and Fig. 6).

With an increase in the dose of Berestinur feed additive, there is a tendency to decrease in live weight depending on the dose of administration: at therapeutic doses (Berestinur 250 mg / kg live weight), the increase in live weight was 90 g less than in the control. At a dose of Berestinur 25 mg / kg body weight, a tendency to a slight decrease in body weight was observed compared with the control. A slightly higher live weight was obtained at a dose of Berestinur 2.5-4.5 mg / kg body weight. In all groups with the use of the feed additive “Berestinur” 100% safety was observed, there were no malnutrition, uniformity was about 90% (normal 85%). In the control, uniformity was 85%. Since live weight and safety are the main indicators when growing broilers, the dose of Berestinur 2.5-4.5 mg / kg of live weight is optimal.

The use of the Berestinur feed additive contributed to the accumulation of complete amino acids in the body, which is indicated by a higher content of tryptophan in the liver (Table 6). This picture is also confirmed by blood biochemistry: in terms of uric acid, a significant decrease in the level of uric acid was noted compared with the control (Table 3) and, as a result, the accumulation of nitrogen in the body. At high doses of Berestinur, less abdominal fat is deposited. The results of histological studies indicate the presence of the area of the islets of the Langengars pancreas, which in turn indicates the active production of insulin and the activation of metabolic processes throughout the body for both the control group and the 1st group. Regarding the liver, it is noted that in the control group around the ducts there is an infiltration, but in the 1st group the liver structure is homogeneous granular.

In general, it can be noted that the feed supplement “Berestinur” has a significant effect on metabolic processes: there is an accumulation of protein (protein metabolism), the content of subcutaneous and abdominal fat (lipid metabolism) is reduced, and the content of macronutrients and the level of electrolytes (mineral metabolism) are normalized.

The claimed technical solution increases the biological usefulness of products associated with improving the health status of broiler chickens, in particular with the prevention of liver diseases associated with nutritional factors, due to the manifestation of choleretic and hepaprotective activity of betulin, due to the fact that the feed additive is administered based on 2.5-4.5 mg / kg body weight to the main diet at the age of 21-35 days.

Claims (1)

A method of feeding broiler chickens with a feed additive based on a betulin-containing birch bark extract, characterized in that the feed additive is administered at a rate of 2.5-4.5 mg / kg body weight to the main diet at the age of 21-35 days.

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