RU2632021C2 - In-line heater of rotary type - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating system.

SUBSTANCE: in-line heater of rotary type comprises an electric motor 1 adjacent to a sealed container 2 with a liquid which is provided with an inlet channel 3 and an outlet channel 4 and comprises a stationary body 5 with a cylindrical cavity 6 disposed between oppositely located working inner surfaces of the body 5. In the cylindrical cavity 6 on the shaft of the electric motor 1 a rotor made in the form of a disk 8 with working surfaces is installed. On the working surfaces of the disc 8 and the working surfaces of the body 5 elements are arranged for generating the cavitation process in the working volume of the liquid filling the cylindrical cavity 6. Each element for generating the cavitation process is made in the form of a nozzle tangentially disposed relative to the rotation axis of the rotor and mounted on a corresponding working surface of the disk 8 at a distance (A_i) and on the corresponding working surface of the body 5 at a distance (Ai') from the rotor axis.

EFFECT: providing high operational parameters of an in-line heater of rotary type due to increase in its power and reliability.

8 cl, 7 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to heat engineering and can be used to heat liquids for heating and hot water supply of stationary and temporarily deployed premises of any purpose that do not have centralized energy sources, including in marching or emergency conditions.

Prior art

Known flow heater of the rotary type (see patent RU No. 2290573, M. CL F24J 3/00, publ. 12/27/2006), containing a drive in the form of an electric motor, a heat generator consisting of a stator in the form of a housing with a lid having a cylindrical a cavity in which a rotor is mounted with a gap, mounted on an electric motor shaft and made in the form of a disk with working surfaces equipped with blind holes, inlet and outlet channels for supplying and discharging liquid. Fluid is introduced into the inlet channel under pressure from a pressure source. On the inner working surface of the stator housing and the working surface of the cover, blind holes are made, located opposite each other.

The disadvantages of the instantaneous flow heater are low operational reliability due to the rapid wear of the stator and rotor disk, as well as insufficient heat production and significant heat losses during operation of the heater, due to the fact that the stator housing does not have thermal insulation, which leads to additional losses of heat generated by the heat generator , as a result of intensive cooling of the housing and stator cover by ambient air.

Known selected as a prototype flow heater of the rotary type (see patent RU No. 2347155, M. CL F24J 3/00, publ. 02/20/2009), comprising an electric motor and a sealed container with liquid, equipped with input and output channels and containing a stationary case with a cylindrical cavity associated with an airtight container and placed between the opposed working internal surfaces of the housing, in which the rotor is located in the form of a disk with working surfaces, mounted on the motor shaft, while working The features of the disk and the housing contain elements for generating the cavitation process in the working volume of the liquid filling the cylindrical cavity. Elements for generating the cavitation process in the working volume of the liquid, placed on the working internal surfaces of the casing and the disk in the form of radial rows, are made in the form of blind holes located opposite each other.

Equipping the flow heater with a fixed body with a cylindrical cavity located in an airtight container filled with liquid provides thermal insulation of the working volume of the liquid, which is heated in the cylindrical cavity due to the cavitation process. In this case, the sealed container with the liquid acts as a “water jacket” for the working volume of the liquid contained in the cylindrical cavity, which prevents the transfer of heat due to heat transfer from the liquid heated in the cylindrical cavity to the environment.

A disadvantage of the known flow heater is the low operational reliability associated with the rapid wear of the elements to generate the cavitation process in the working volume of the liquid installed on the working surfaces of the housing and the rotor disk.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The objective of the present invention is to provide a flow-through heater of a rotary type with high heat output and reliability, by increasing the wear resistance of the nodes and elements that provide the cavitation generation process.

To solve the problem in a known flow-through heater of the rotary type, including an electric motor and a sealed container with liquid, equipped with inlet and outlet channels and containing a stationary body with a cylindrical cavity associated with a sealed container and placed between the opposed working internal surfaces of the housing in which the rotor is located in the form of a disk with working surfaces mounted on the shaft of the electric motor, while an element is placed on the working surfaces of the disk and the housing for generating cavitation in the working volume of fluid filling the cylindrical cavity, according to the invention each element for generating cavitation is formed as a nozzle, tangentially disposed relative to the rotor axis of rotation and mounted on the corresponding drive working surface at a distance (A _i) and to the working inner surface case at a distance (A ' _i ) from the axis of the rotor, while the values of (A _i ) and (A'i) are determined by the following relationships:

0,1D ₁ ≤A _i <0,55D ₁ ,

0,1D ₂ ≤A ' _i <0,45D ₂ ,

Where

A _i is the distance from the axis of rotation of the rotor to the i-th nozzle mounted on the working surface of the disk, mm;

A ' _i is the distance from the axis of rotation of the rotor to the i-th nozzle mounted on the working surface of the housing, mm;

D ₁ - the diameter of the working surface of the disk, mm;

D ₂ - the diameter of the working surface of the housing, mm

Performing as elements for generating the cavitation process nozzles mounted on the working surface of the disk at a distance (A _i ) and on the working surface of the housing at a distance A ' _i from the axis of the rotor, determined by the above mathematical dependencies, and located tangentially relative to the axis of rotation of the rotor of the electric motor, to stimulate the effect of fluid friction between the working surfaces of the rotating disk and the working surfaces of the fixed body, and also allows you to generate in these nozzles cavitation process leading to the release of a large amount of heat.

The process of heat generation is associated with the physical effect of the field of collapsing cavitation bubbles. Heat is generated in each of the nozzles located both on the working surfaces of the rotating disk and on the working surfaces of the stationary body, as a result of the conversion of the potential energy of the bubbles accumulated by them during the growth stage (when entering the nozzle) into the kinetic energy of the shock waves released at the stage of their collapse (at the exit of the nozzle). The kinetic energy of the shock waves determines the intensity of cavitation and the amount of heat released during cavitation.

In a particular embodiment of the flow heater, an inlet is made in the central part of the heater casing, connecting the sealed container to the cylindrical cavity and located in the area of the axis of rotation of the rotor. Placing the inlet in the area of the rotor axis of rotation allows, firstly, to maximize the passage of fluid under pressure and the action of increasing centrifugal force in the direction from the axis of rotation of the rotor to the outlet, thereby increasing the area of fluid friction on the working surface of the disk and the working surface of the housing and, therefore, increase the efficiency of heating the liquid. Secondly, with this arrangement of the openings of the inlet and outlet channels, the effect of "squeezing" the liquid occurs, which allows the presence of centrifugal forces to maintain a pressure of the order of 0.03-0.5 MPa in the gap between the working surfaces of the housing and the working surfaces of the disk (depending from the diameter of the disk), necessary for the excitation in the nozzles tangentially located relative to the axis of rotation of the rotor, the cavitation process, which together with the work of the friction forces leads to a significant increase in heat production th heater. Thirdly, when liquid is introduced into the heater in the zone of the axis of rotation of the rotor, that is, in the region of greatest rarefaction due to centrifugal forces acting on the heated liquid, the liquid is pumped through the flow heater without the need to increase the pressure at the inlet of the flow heater.

In a particular embodiment of the flow heater, at least one nozzle for generating a cavitation process is made in the form of a Laval nozzle. This allows you to optimize the cavitation process in the working volume of the fluid filling the cylindrical cavity.

In other possible embodiments of the flow heater, nozzles are located on each working surface of the disk and / or on each working surface of the housing in the radial direction. This allows you to coordinate (level) the fluid pressure from opposite sides of the rotating disk, which favorably affects the operational characteristics of the heater, in particular its reliability.

In another embodiment, the flow heater of the nozzle to generate the cavitation process are placed on adjacent working surfaces of the disk and the housing in such a way that they form a spatial checkerboard structure.

In another embodiment, nozzles for generating a cavitation process are placed on at least one working surface of the disk or housing in a spiral of Archimedes.

In a particular embodiment of the flow heater, the nozzles are arranged on at least one working surface of the disk or housing in the form of concentric rings.

The technical advantage of the proposed invention is the provision of high operational characteristics of a flow-through rotary-type heater by increasing its heat output and reliability.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where: in FIG. 1 shows a general view of a flow heater; in FIG. 2 is a section A-A of FIG. one; in FIG. 3 - section BB FIG. 1, in FIG. 4 shows a rotor disk with a radial arrangement of elements for generating a cavitation process; in FIG. 5 - the working surface of the housing with a radial arrangement of elements for generating a cavitation process; in FIG. 6 shows a Laval nozzle; in FIG. 7 is a variant of the mutual arrangement of nozzles on the working surfaces of the disk and the housing with the formation of a spatial checkerboard structure.

The flow-through heater of the rotary type contains an electric motor 1 adjacent to a sealed container 2 with liquid. The sealed container 2 is provided with an input channel 3 and an output channel 4, and also contains a stationary body 5 with a cylindrical cavity 6 connected with a sealed container 2. A cylindrical cavity 6 is placed between the opposed working internal surfaces 7 of the housing 5. In a cylindrical cavity 6 on the motor shaft 1, a rotor is installed, made in the form of a disk 8 with working surfaces 9. On the working surfaces 9 of the disk 8 and the working surfaces 7 of the housing 5 there are elements for generating a cavitation process in the working bemsya fluid filling the cylindrical cavity 6.

Each element for generating the cavitation process is made in the form of a nozzle 10 tangentially located relative to the axis of rotation of the rotor and mounted on the corresponding working surface 9 of the disk 8 at a distance (A), which is determined by the following dependence:

0,1D ₁ ≤A _i <0,55D ₁ ,

where D ₁ - the diameter of the working surface 9 of the disk 8, mm Each element for generating the cavitation process, made in the form of a nozzle 10 ', is tangentially located relative to the axis of rotation of the rotor and mounted on the corresponding working surface 7 of the housing 5 at a distance (A' _i ) from the axis of the rotor, which is determined by the following dependence:

0,1D ₂ ≤A ' _i <0,45D ₂ ,

where D ₂ - the diameter of the working surface 7 of the housing 5, mm

In the central part of the housing 5, at least one inlet 11 is provided, located in the area of the axis of rotation of the rotor and connecting the sealed container 2 to the cylindrical cavity 6. In turn, the cylindrical cavity 6 has at least one outlet 12 located in the peripheral zone of the sealed capacity 2.

In a particular embodiment of the flow heater, at least one nozzle 10 or 10 'for generating the cavitation process is made in the form of a Laval nozzle (see Fig. 6).

In another embodiment, the flow heater nozzles 10 or 10 'are placed on each working surface 9 of the disk 8 and / or on each working surface 7 of the housing 5 in the radial direction (see Fig. 4 and Fig. 5).

In yet another embodiment, the nozzles of the flow heater 10 and 10 'are placed on adjacent working surfaces of the disk 8 and the housing 5 in such a way that they create a spatial checkerboard structure (see Fig. 7).

In another embodiment of the flow heater, nozzles 10 or 10 'are placed on at least one working surface of the disk 8 or the housing 5 in a spiral of Archimedes (see Fig. 2 and Fig. 3).

Flow heater works as follows.

When the motor 1 is turned on, a rotor made in the form of a disk 8 with working surfaces 9 starts to rotate, which ensures the creation of a vacuum in the inlet 11. The inlet 11 is located in the area of the axis of rotation of the rotor and connects the sealed container 2 with a cylindrical cavity 6 located between the opposite working internal surfaces 7 of the housing 5.

Due to the created rarefaction, the liquid from the sealed container 2 enters the cylindrical cavity 6, in which it is rotated as a result of the rotation of the disk 8. In this case, the fluid flow under the influence of centrifugal forces acting in the cylindrical cavity 6 is squeezed to its periphery, where the outlet holes 12 through which the heated liquid is discharged from the cylindrical cavity 6 into a sealed container 2.

The cavitation process, leading to the release of a large amount of heat, is associated with the passage of fluid through nozzles 11, generating a cavitation process in the working volume of the fluid filling the cylindrical cavity 6.

Heat is generated in each of the nozzles 10 or 10 'located both on the working surfaces 9 of the rotating disk 8 and on the working internal surfaces 7 of the housing 5. This heat-generating effect is achieved by converting the potential energy of the vapor bubbles accumulated by them when entering each nozzle nozzles 10 or 10 ', in the kinetic energy of the shock waves released at the exit from them.

The liquid, falling into the nozzles 10 or 10 'tangentially located relative to the axis of rotation of the rotor, is converted into small vapor bubbles, which begin to condense under pressure. After which the vapor bubbles collapse, which leads to heat, as a result of which the liquid in the cylindrical cavity 6 is heated.

Example

When the initial fluid velocity in the nozzles 10 or 10 ', which was equal to 0.3-0.6 m / s, the initial temperature of the fluid in the sealed container 2 was 15-20 ° C. When, due to the rotation of the rotor disk 8, the fluid velocity in nozzles 10 or 10 'reached 20 m / s, this led to the generation of the cavitation process in the working volume of the fluid, which filled the cylindrical cavity 6, and an increase in the temperature of the fluid in the sealed container 2. the output of the inventive flow heater, the liquid temperature rose to 80-100 ° C.

Technical result

The technical result of the proposed invention is the provision of high operational characteristics of a flow-through heater of a rotary type by increasing its heat output and reliability.

Claims (15)

1. A flow-through heater of a rotor type, comprising an electric motor and a sealed container with liquid, equipped with inlet and outlet channels and containing a fixed body with a cylindrical cavity associated with a sealed container and located between the opposed working internal surfaces of the housing, in which the rotor is located in the form of a disk with working surfaces mounted on the shaft of the electric motor, while on the working surfaces of the disk and the housing there are elements for generating a cavitation process in the volume of fluid filling the cylindrical cavity, characterized in that each element for generating the cavitation process is made in the form of a nozzle tangentially located relative to the axis of rotation of the rotor and mounted on the corresponding working surface of the disk at a distance (A _i ) and on the working inner surface of the housing at a distance (A ' _i ) on the axis of the rotor, while the values of (A _i ) and (A' _i ) are determined by the following relationships: 0.1 D ₁ ≤A _i <0.55 D ₁ , 0,1 D ₂ ≤A ' _i <0,45 D ₂ , Where And _i is the distance from the axis of rotation of the rotor to the i-th nozzle mounted on the working surface of the disk, mm; A ' _i is the distance from the axis of rotation of the rotor to the i-th nozzle mounted on the working surface of the housing, mm; D ₁ - the diameter of the working surface of the disk, mm; D ₂ - the diameter of the working surface of the housing, mm 2. A flow-through rotor-type heater according to claim 1, characterized in that an inlet is made in the central part of the housing connecting the sealed container to the cylindrical cavity and located in the zone of the rotor axis of rotation. 3. A flow-through rotor-type heater according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one nozzle for generating a cavitation process is made in the form of a Laval nozzle. 4. A flow-through rotor-type heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzles for generating the cavitation process are placed on each working surface of the disk in the radial direction. 5. A flow-through rotor-type heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzles for generating a cavitation process are placed on each working surface of the housing in a radial direction. 6. A flow-through rotor-type heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzles for generating the cavitation process are placed on adjacent working surfaces of the disk and the casing in such a way that they form a spatial chessboard structure. 7. A flow-through rotor-type heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzles for generating the cavitation process are placed on at least one working surface of the disk or housing in a spiral of Archimedes. 8. The flow-through heater of the rotor type according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzles for generating the cavitation process are placed on at least one working surface of the disk or housing in the form of concentric rings.

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